A patient warming system for stabilizing and/or heating and cooling a patient includes a plurality of solid-surface sections arranged for attachment to a surgical table and a warming pad layer comprising a plurality of warming pads configured for removable connection to the plurality of solid-surface sections. At least one of the plurality of solid-surface sections includes a power connector for connection to an external power source. Each warming pad of the plurality of warming pads includes a foam insulation layer, a distributed heating element layer having a warming-pad power connection for connection to the power connector, an isothermal layer, and a flexible waterproof layer. Power supplied to the warming-pad power connection of the distributed heating element layer of the respective warming pad can be used to provide a user-selected uniform temperature over the surface of the flexible waterproof layer in order to prevent hot spots.

A patient warming system for stabilizing and/or heating and cooling a patient includes a plurality of solid-surface sections arranged for attachment to a surgical table and a warming pad layer comprising a plurality of warming pads configured for removable connection to the plurality of solid-surface sections. At least one of the plurality of solid-surface sections includes a power connector for connection to an external power source. Each warming pad of the plurality of warming pads includes a foam insulation layer, a distributed heating element layer having a warming-pad power connection for connection to the power connector, an isothermal layer, and a flexible waterproof layer. Power supplied to the warming-pad power connection of the distributed heating element layer of the respective warming pad can be used to provide a user-selected uniform temperature over the surface of the flexible waterproof layer in order to prevent hot spots.

A temperature controlling apparatus includes a platen, a first and a second conduits, and a first and a second outlet thermal sensors. The first conduit includes a first inlet, a first outlet, and a first heater. A first fluid enters the first inlet and exits the first outlet, the first heater heats the first fluid to a first heating temperature, and the first fluid is dispensed on the platen. The second conduit includes a second inlet, a second outlet, and a second heater. A second fluid enters the second inlet and exits the second outlet, the second heater heats the second fluid to a second heating temperature, and the second fluid is dispensed on the platen. The first and the second outlet thermal sensors are respectively disposed at the first and the second outlets to sense temperatures of the first and the second fluid.

A vehicle seat includes a seat portion having a heating element, such as an electrically conductive wire. A sensing structure having a characteristic that is responsive to a temperature of the heating element is provided adjacent to the heating element, such as by being helically wrapped thereabout or extending parallel thereto. For example, the sensing structure may include an optical fiber, and the characteristic of the sensing structure may be an amount of light transmitted through the optical fiber. A controller is responsive to the characteristic of the sensing structure for determining when the temperature of the heating element exceeds a predetermined value.

A vehicle seat includes a seat portion having a heating element, such as an electrically conductive wire. A sensing structure having a characteristic that is responsive to a temperature of the heating element is provided adjacent to the heating element, such as by being helically wrapped thereabout or extending parallel thereto. For example, the sensing structure may include an optical fiber, and the characteristic of the sensing structure may be an amount of light transmitted through the optical fiber. A controller is responsive to the characteristic of the sensing structure for determining when the temperature of the heating element exceeds a predetermined value.

A hose assembly defines a longitudinal axis and includes an inner core tube, a thermal distribution element, and a heating element. The thermal distribution element surrounds the inner core tube, the thermal distribution element including a metalized coated film. The heating element surrounds the inner core tube, the heating element being in thermal contact with the metalized coated film.

A hose assembly defines a longitudinal axis and includes an inner core tube, a thermal distribution element, and a heating element. The thermal distribution element surrounds the inner core tube, the thermal distribution element including a metalized coated film. The heating element surrounds the inner core tube, the heating element being in thermal contact with the metalized coated film.

An electrically heated aerosol generating system for receiving an aerosol-forming substrate includes at least one electric heater for heating the aerosol-forming substrate to form the aerosol. The heater includes a heating element of a first cross section electrically connected to a plurality of elongate support elements. Each support element has a cross section greater than the first cross section. At least one of the support elements is integrally formed with the heating element.

An electrically heated aerosol generating system for receiving an aerosol-forming substrate includes at least one electric heater for heating the aerosol-forming substrate to form the aerosol. The heater includes a heating element of a first cross section electrically connected to a plurality of elongate support elements. Each support element has a cross section greater than the first cross section. At least one of the support elements is integrally formed with the heating element.

A heat conductor and a heated media line having an inner tubular fluid line and at least one heat conductor arranged on the periphery thereof. The heat conductor is formed by a braid made of twisted individual wires and, in particular, an outer protective sheath surrounding the heat conductor and the fluid line. The braid is formed by at least six individual wires surrounding a support element, of which at least one individual wire is made of a copper-nickel (CuNi) alloy, and the remaining individual wires are produced from copper (Cu) or from a nickel-chromium (NiCr) alloy. All of the individual wires have the same diameter.