A substrate (100) is a light-transmitting substrate. A light-transmitting first electrode (110) is formed over the substrate (100). An insulating layer (150) is formed over the substrate (100) and the first electrode (110) and includes an opening (152) overlapping the first electrode (110). An organic layer (120) is located within at least the opening (152). A light-transmitting second electrode (130) is formed over the organic layer (120). An intermediate layer (200) is formed in at least a portion of a region of a lateral side of the first electrode (110) overlapping the first electrode (110). A refractive index of the intermediate layer (200) is between a refractive index of the substrate (100) and a refractive index of the first electrode (110).

A substrate (100) is a light-transmitting substrate. A light-transmitting first electrode (110) is formed over the substrate (100). An insulating layer (150) is formed over the substrate (100) and the first electrode (110) and includes an opening (152) overlapping the first electrode (110). An organic layer (120) is located within at least the opening (152). A light-transmitting second electrode (130) is formed over the organic layer (120). An intermediate layer (200) is formed in at least a portion of a region of a lateral side of the first electrode (110) overlapping the first electrode (110). A refractive index of the intermediate layer (200) is between a refractive index of the substrate (100) and a refractive index of the first electrode (110).

A method for making an electroluminescent marking on an exterior wall of an aircraft, including a step of superpositioning of layers designed or configured to produce the electroluminescent marking on a first face of a flexible backing distinct from the aircraft to obtain a marking tape and a step of affixing the marking tape to the exterior wall of the aircraft. The disclosure herein also concerns a marking tape for the implementing of the method, a marking device obtained from the method, and an aircraft comprising the marking device.

A method for making an electroluminescent marking on an exterior wall of an aircraft, including a step of superpositioning of layers designed or configured to produce the electroluminescent marking on a first face of a flexible backing distinct from the aircraft to obtain a marking tape and a step of affixing the marking tape to the exterior wall of the aircraft. The disclosure herein also concerns a marking tape for the implementing of the method, a marking device obtained from the method, and an aircraft comprising the marking device.

Provided is a transparent conductive film-equipped substrate that makes it difficult for an insulating film provided on a portion from which a transparent conductive film has been removed to peel off. The transparent conductive film-equipped substrate 10 includes a substrate 1 and a transparent conductive film 2 provided on the substrate 1 and subjected to patterning, wherein the transparent conductive film-equipped substrate is made up so that: a removal region A1 where the transparent conductive film 2 has been removed by patterning, a non-removal region A2 where the transparent conductive film is left unremoved, and a boundary region A3 provided between the removal region A1 and the non-removal region A2 are formed on the substrate 1; and the boundary region A3 is formed with insular portions 2b in which the transparent conductive film 2 is formed in insular shapes.

The disclosure provides a manufacturing method for COA substrate: utilizing PEDOT, PProDOT or PEDOT derivatives with or without doping with graphene, or PProDOT derivatives replaces traditional ITO to be conductive materials of pixel electrodes; quantum dots can be modified by ProDOT derivatives or EDOT derivatives which including carboxyl group, and quantum dot color filters of red filter layers, green filter layer and blue filters layers comprised on the TFT substrate are formed by the method of electric chemical deposition based on a property of the aforementioned two being able to polymerize under influences of electric field and pixel electrode patterns on the TFT substrate. Therefore, zero waste can be achieved in quantum dots, a usage of quantum dots can be decreased, indium usage can be decreased, researching and development cost can be reduced, and the circumstances can be protected, furthermore, the QDs color film having the better bonding strength bonds the counter electrode layer through chemical bond, and avoids adverse results as a peel is caused by insufficient bonding strength between photoresist and substrate.

An object of the present invention is to provide a transparent electrode including a substrate having thereon a conductive layer containing silver as a main component, wherein the transparent electrode has an organic functional layer between the substrate and the conductive layer; and the organic functional layer contains a first organic compound represented by Formula (1) and a second organic compound having a different structure from a structure of the first organic compound,

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To provide a transparent electrode that hardly causes migration of silver and has high resistance, a method for producing the same, and an electronic device using the transparent electrode.

A transparent electrode according to the embodiment includes a laminated structure in which a transparent base material, a conductive silver-containing layer, and a conductive oxide layer are laminated in this order,

wherein a ratio T.sub.800/T.sub.600 of total transmittances of the transparent electrode is 0.85 or more, where T.sub.800 and T.sub.600 are transmittances at wavelengths of 800 nm and 600 nm, respectively, and

the silver-containing layer is continuous. This electrode can be produced by bringing sulfur or a sulfur compound into contact with a laminated film in which a conductive silver-containing layer and a conductive oxide layer are laminated to form a sulfur-containing silver compound layer.

The embodiments provide a process for easily producing an electrode having low resistance, easily subjected to post-process and hardly impairing the device; and also provide, as its application, a production process for a photoelectric conversion device. The process comprises the steps of: coating a hydrophobic substrate directly with a dispersion of metal nanomaterial, to form a metal nanomaterial layer, coating the surface of the metal nanomaterial layer with a dispersion of carbon material, to form a carbon material layer and thereby to form an electrode layer comprising a laminate of the metal nanomaterial layer and the carbon material layer, pressing the carbon material layer onto a hydrophilic substrate so that the surface of the carbon material layer may be directly fixed on the hydrophilic substrate, and peeling away the hydrophobic substrate so as to transfer the electrode layer onto the hydrophilic substrate.

The embodiments provide a process for easily producing an electrode having low resistance, easily subjected to post-process and hardly impairing the device; and also provide, as its application, a production process for a photoelectric conversion device. The process comprises the steps of: coating a hydrophobic substrate directly with a dispersion of metal nanomaterial, to form a metal nanomaterial layer, coating the surface of the metal nanomaterial layer with a dispersion of carbon material, to form a carbon material layer and thereby to form an electrode layer comprising a laminate of the metal nanomaterial layer and the carbon material layer, pressing the carbon material layer onto a hydrophilic substrate so that the surface of the carbon material layer may be directly fixed on the hydrophilic substrate, and peeling away the hydrophobic substrate so as to transfer the electrode layer onto the hydrophilic substrate.