An article and circuit that controllably dims a luminaire, for example without controlling a line power of the luminaire. The luminaire includes a traditional three-contact socket to receive a photocontroller, such as that used for street lights. The article uses a desired dimming control signal to provide an output control signal that controls whether the light source in the luminaire is turned ON or turned OFF to thereby effect the desired amount of dimming. The output control signal may be a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal with a duty cycle that is related to the desired level of illumination or dimming. The system may use a dimming signal from a five or seven contact dimming photocontroller to provide such an output control signal to control the light-level for the luminaire.

An article and circuit that controllably dims a luminaire, for example without controlling a line power of the luminaire. The luminaire includes a traditional three-contact socket to receive a photocontroller, such as that used for street lights. The article uses a desired dimming control signal to provide an output control signal that controls whether the light source in the luminaire is turned ON or turned OFF to thereby effect the desired amount of dimming. The output control signal may be a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal with a duty cycle that is related to the desired level of illumination or dimming. The system may use a dimming signal from a five or seven contact dimming photocontroller to provide such an output control signal to control the light-level for the luminaire.

The present invention relates to a light transmitting and receiving device and method, which output the power of a partial optical pulse such that the power thereof is different from that of another optical pulse, so as to receive reflected light, and identify whether an object, which is undetectable using the reflected light of an optical pulse outputted with relatively low power, is detected using the reflected light of an optical pulse outputted with relatively high power, so as to adjust the power of an optical pulse to be output thereafter. Therefore, detection efficiency can be maximized using low power while eye safety requirements are satisfied.

The present invention relates to a light transmitting and receiving device and method, which output the power of a partial optical pulse such that the power thereof is different from that of another optical pulse, so as to receive reflected light, and identify whether an object, which is undetectable using the reflected light of an optical pulse outputted with relatively low power, is detected using the reflected light of an optical pulse outputted with relatively high power, so as to adjust the power of an optical pulse to be output thereafter. Therefore, detection efficiency can be maximized using low power while eye safety requirements are satisfied.

Disclosed are a testing method, a system and a device for flicker fusion frequency range. The testing method comprises: taking end point values of a self-preset range as starting judgment values; acquiring a flicker judgment result of a subject; if the flicker judgment result is flickering, continuing to execute the acquisition step by increasing a judgement value until the flicker judgment result turns into non-flickering, and defining a judgement value at the moment of turning as an judgment value.sub.up; if the flicker judgment result is non-flickering, continuing to execute the acquisition step by decreasing a judgement value until the flicker judgment result turns into flickering, and defining a judgement value at the moment of turning as an judgment value.sub.down; and acquiring a flicker fusion frequency range which takes a judgment value.sub.up and a judgment value.sub.down as end point values.

Disclosed are a testing method, a system and a device for flicker fusion frequency range. The testing method comprises: taking end point values of a self-preset range as starting judgment values; acquiring a flicker judgment result of a subject; if the flicker judgment result is flickering, continuing to execute the acquisition step by increasing a judgement value until the flicker judgment result turns into non-flickering, and defining a judgement value at the moment of turning as an judgment value.sub.up; if the flicker judgment result is non-flickering, continuing to execute the acquisition step by decreasing a judgement value until the flicker judgment result turns into flickering, and defining a judgement value at the moment of turning as an judgment value.sub.down; and acquiring a flicker fusion frequency range which takes a judgment value.sub.up and a judgment value.sub.down as end point values.

Imitation candle devices and systems with features enable simulation of a realistic candle flame using moving lights are disclosed. In one aspect, an imitation candle device is provided that includes a flame sheet shaped to resemble a flame, a support member positioned in proximity to the flame sheet, and a light casing including a hole. An end of the support member extends into the hole and a tip of the end of the support member is in contact with an inner wall of the hole to allow movement of the light casing on the support member. The imitation candle device also includes a light emitter enclosed at least partially in the light casing and movable with movement of the light casing. The light emitter is oriented at an inclined angle with respect to the flame sheet to emit light onto the flame sheet.

Imitation candle devices and systems with features enable simulation of a realistic candle flame using moving lights are disclosed. In one aspect, an imitation candle device is provided that includes a flame sheet shaped to resemble a flame, a support member positioned in proximity to the flame sheet, and a light casing including a hole. An end of the support member extends into the hole and a tip of the end of the support member is in contact with an inner wall of the hole to allow movement of the light casing on the support member. The imitation candle device also includes a light emitter enclosed at least partially in the light casing and movable with movement of the light casing. The light emitter is oriented at an inclined angle with respect to the flame sheet to emit light onto the flame sheet.

A light emission control device controls a first switching element of a light source circuit including a first resistor, a light emitting element, and the first switching element coupled in series between a first power supply node and a second power supply node set to a lower potential than the first power supply node. The light emission control device includes a second detection circuit that compares a first potential difference between both ends of the first resistor with a determination value, a light emission control circuit that outputs a first control signal that controls on/off of the first switching element, and a logic determination circuit that determines whether or not the first switching element is short-circuited. The light emission control circuit sets the first control signal to a first drive stoppage state that inactivates the first control signal, and when the second detection circuit has detected that the first potential difference is larger than the determination value, the logic determination circuit outputs an error signal.

A passive defense system that utilizes a plurality of high intensity visible lights to reduce the number of targets in view of attacker(s) or aggressor(s) and to disorient and possibly incapacitate the attacker(s) or aggressor(s). The defense system includes a plurality of high intensity light sources controlled by a control system that can be activated by physical switches, by a central control station, by remote access, or even automatically by a gunshot detection sensor. The light intensity, placement of lights, and strobe effects produce a system to deter or defeat armed attackers or other aggressors.