A nuclear fusion reactor includes a chamber containing plasma and two or more devices which include superconducting electromagnetic coils. At least one of the two or more devices may be biased to a high voltage to provide thermal energy to ions in the magnetic confinement region. In some examples, the chamber and the two or more devices can be coaxial and toroid shaped. In some examples, the chamber can be spherical or cylindrical with the two or more devices being toroid or elongated toroid shaped and formed on opposite faces of a cuboid. The two or more devices may be disposed in the chamber to provide a high-beta magnetic confinement region for the plasma.

Systems and methods are provided that facilitate stability of an FRC plasma in both radial and axial directions and axial position control of an FRC plasma along the symmetry axis of an FRC plasma chamber. The systems and methods exploit an axially unstable equilibria of the FRC plasma to enforce radial stability, while stabilizing or controlling the axial instability. The systems and methods provide feedback control of the FRC plasma axial position independent of the stability properties of the plasma equilibrium by acting on the voltages applied to a set of external coils concentric with the plasma and using a non-linear control technique.

A nuclear fusion reactor includes a chamber containing plasma and two or more devices which include superconducting electromagnetic coils. At least one of the two or more devices may be biased to a high voltage to provide thermal energy to ions in the magnetic confinement region. In some examples, the chamber and the two or more devices can be coaxial and toroid shaped. In some examples, the chamber can be spherical or cylindrical with the two or more devices being toroid or elongated toroid shaped and formed on opposite faces of a cuboid. The two or more devices may be disposed in the chamber to provide a high-beta magnetic confinement region for the plasma.

A nuclear fusion reactor includes a chamber containing plasma and two or more devices which include superconducting electromagnetic coils. At least one of the two or more devices may be biased to a high voltage to provide thermal energy to ions in the magnetic confinement region. In some examples, the chamber and the two or more devices can be coaxial and toroid shaped. In some examples, the chamber can be spherical or cylindrical with the two or more devices being toroid or elongated toroid shaped and formed on opposite faces of a cuboid. The two or more devices may be disposed in the chamber to provide a high-beta magnetic confinement region for the plasma.

The present disclosure provides a stellarator magnet based on cubic permanent magnet blocks and an arrangement optimization method thereof. For the characteristic that a three-dimensional magnet coil of a stellarator is complex in structure, the present disclosure provides the stellarator magnet based on the cubic permanent magnet blocks with uniform magnetization, same magnetization and same size; the magnetization directions of the cubic permanent magnet blocks are defined in a limited number of fixed alternative directions; the magnetic field configuration of the stellarator is generated by dipole magnetic fields provided by the permanent magnet blocks and planar coils, so that the device complexity of the stellarator is reduced, and the difficulty and cost of the machining and installation of the magnet are reduced. The shape of the permanent magnet blocks can be replaced by other regular shapes, and the permanent magnet is still formed by the permanent magnet blocks with same shape, same size, uniform magnetization and same magnetization. For the magnet, the present disclosure provides a magnet arrangement optimization method of ‘local compensation’ and related optimization strategies of ‘threshold truncation,’ ‘global fine tuning,’ etc., for meeting different optimization requirements on accuracy of the magnetic fields, usage qualities of magnets, etc., and a magnetic field meeting designing requirements can be obtained.

The present disclosure provides a stellarator magnet based on cubic permanent magnet blocks and an arrangement optimization method thereof. For the characteristic that a three-dimensional magnet coil of a stellarator is complex in structure, the present disclosure provides the stellarator magnet based on the cubic permanent magnet blocks with uniform magnetization, same magnetization and same size; the magnetization directions of the cubic permanent magnet blocks are defined in a limited number of fixed alternative directions; the magnetic field configuration of the stellarator is generated by dipole magnetic fields provided by the permanent magnet blocks and planar coils, so that the device complexity of the stellarator is reduced, and the difficulty and cost of the machining and installation of the magnet are reduced. The shape of the permanent magnet blocks can be replaced by other regular shapes, and the permanent magnet is still formed by the permanent magnet blocks with same shape, same size, uniform magnetization and same magnetization. For the magnet, the present disclosure provides a magnet arrangement optimization method of ‘local compensation’ and related optimization strategies of ‘threshold truncation,’ ‘global fine tuning,’ etc., for meeting different optimization requirements on accuracy of the magnetic fields, usage qualities of magnets, etc., and a magnetic field meeting designing requirements can be obtained.

An efficient compact nuclear fusion reactor for use as a neutron source or energy source is described. The reactor comprises a toroidal plasma chamber and a plasma confinement system arranged to generate a magnetic field for confining a plasma in the chamber. The plasma confinement system is configured so that a major radius of the confined plasma is 1.5 m or less. The reactor is constructed using high temperature superconducting toroidal magnets, which may be operated at low temperature (77K or lower) to provide enhanced performance. The toroidal magnetic field can be increased to 5 T or more giving significant increases in fusion output, so that neutron output is very efficient and the reactor can produce a net output of energy.

An efficient compact nuclear fusion reactor for use as a neutron source or energy source is described. The reactor comprises a toroidal plasma chamber and a plasma confinement system arranged to generate a magnetic field for confining a plasma in the chamber. The plasma confinement system is configured so that a major radius of the confined plasma is 1.5 m or less. The reactor is constructed using high temperature superconducting toroidal magnets, which may be operated at low temperature (77K or lower) to provide enhanced performance. The toroidal magnetic field can be increased to 5 T or more giving significant increases in fusion output, so that neutron output is very efficient and the reactor can produce a net output of energy.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.