A method for manufacturing a ceramic substrate containing glass includes a firing step in which an unfired silver-based conductor material is disposed on an unfired ceramic layer and is fired. The unfired silver-based conductor material contains at least one of a metal boride and a metal silicide.

A circuit board that has flexibility owing to an organic insulating layer and that still has high adhesion between metal wiring and the organic insulating layer; and a method for producing the circuit board without employing photolithography. The circuit board comprising a metal wiring arrangement portion and a metal wiring non-arrangement portion, wherein: in the metal wiring arrangement portion, metal wiring, a first diffusion layer, and a first organic insulating layer are stacked; in the metal wiring non-arrangement portion, a metal oxide layer, a second diffusion layer, and a second organic insulating layer are stacked; the metal wiring is made of a first metal element; and the first diffusion layer contains the first metal element and a second metal element.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method (1000) of assembling an electrical circuit comprising one or more copper electrical conductors, the method comprising plating (1010) a surface of the one or more conductors with a layer comprising tin; annealing the plating; applying (1020) solder to at least a portion of the one or more electrical conductors, wherein said solder comprises tin and copper; and annealing the electrical circuit.

The wiring board according to the present disclosure includes: a first insulating layer including insulating particles; a plurality of first conductors located on the first insulating layer at an interval of a first distance from each other; a second conductor located on the first insulating layer at an interval of a second distance from the first conductor; and a second insulating layer located on the first insulating layer to cover the first conductor and the second conductors and including the insulating particles. When a boundary portion between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is viewed in cross-section in the thickness direction, the ratio of a first area occupied by the insulating particles in a first boundary portion including the first distance is higher than the ratio of a second area occupied by the insulating particles in a second boundary portion including the second distance.

The disclosed solder alloy is useful for plating and for use with electronic components, which are capable of suppressing the formation of external stress-type whiskers. This solder alloy for plating contains Sn and Ni, with the Ni content being 0.06-5.0 mass % inclusive and the remainder including Sn, and is used in electrical contacts that are electrically connected through mechanical joining.

A coating for mitigating metal whiskers on a metal surface includes a polymeric coating material; and a metal ion complexing agent impregnated within the polymeric coating material, the metal ion complexing agent having a standard reduction potential (E°) that is greater than a metal in the metal surface.

A printed wiring board includes an insulation layer, conductive pads formed on the insulation layer and positioned to connect an electronic component, and a conductive wiring pattern including first and second conductive patterns and formed on the insulation layer such that the conductive wiring pattern is extending between the conductive pads. The first pattern includes first wiring lines, the second pattern includes second wiring lines, the first and second conductive patterns are formed such that the first wiring lines and the second wiring lines are alternately arrayed on the insulation layer, each of the first wiring lines includes a first metal layer formed on an interface with the insulation layer, each of the second wiring lines includes a second metal layer formed on an interface with the insulation layer, and the first metal layer includes a metal material which is different from a metal material forming the second metal layer.

An elastic wiring board that includes an elastic substrate; a plurality of electrode wirings having elasticity; and an ion-migration resistant layer between at least a first electrode wiring of the plurality of electrode wirings and the elastic substrate.

A wiring board capable of suppressing migration between wires and to provide a method of producing the same, in a method of producing a wiring board provided with a first wiring board in which a first wiring layer is formed, and a second wiring board in which a second wiring layer finer than the first wiring layer is formed, the second wiring board is formed by performing steps of forming a first insulating resin layer provided with a wiring pattern and openings, forming a first inorganic insulating film on the first insulating resin layer, forming a first conductor layer corresponding to the wiring pattern and the openings on the inorganic insulating film, and forming a second inorganic insulating film on the first conductor layer.

An electrical apparatus that includes: an electronic substrate having a plurality of pads for connecting to an electronic component placed on the electronic substrate; a shield placed on a surface of the electronic substrate, the shield having a plurality of openings with the plurality of openings aligned over the plurality of pads and at least a portion of each of the plurality of openings being conductive; connection means to connect the conductive portions of each of the plurality of openings to a fault detect and error handling circuit; and the fault detect and error handling circuit to detect a short circuit between at least one of the conductive portions and the pad aligned with the opening containing the at least one of the conductive portions.