A method for forming a Z-directed component for insertion into a mounting hole in a printed circuit board according to one example includes filling a first cavity having a tapered surface with a body material. A first layer of a constraining material is provided on top of the first cavity and has a second cavity having a width that is smaller than the first cavity. The second cavity is filled with the body material. Successive layers of the constraining material are provided on top of the first layer of the constraining material. Cavities of the successive layers of the constraining material are selectively filled with at least the body material to form layers of the main body portion of the Z-directed component. The constraining material is dissipated to release the Z-directed component from the constraining material and the Z-directed component is fired.

A flip-chip bonding structure includes a chip and a circuit board, the chip is bonded to the circuit board by bumps. The circuit board includes a light-transmissive substrate, a first circuit group, a second circuit group, a boundary circuit and an identifying member. The boundary circuit is located between the first and second circuit groups and projects a boundary circuit shadow on light-transmissive substrate. The boundary circuit shadow can be recognized according to the identifying member and is provided to identify the boundary between the first and second circuit groups or identify the position of leads with the smallest pitch.

A multi-layer circuit board includes a first layer including a first trace, a second layer connected to the first layer and including a second trace, and a stubless interconnect positioned through the first layer and the second layer. The stubless interconnect includes a body that is electrically insulative, and a bridge trace that is electrically conductive and connected to the body, the bridge trace extending from the first trace to the second trace to electrically connect the first trace and the second trace.

A multi-layer circuit board includes a first layer including a first trace, a second layer connected to the first layer and including a second trace, and a stubless interconnect positioned through the first layer and the second layer. The stubless interconnect includes a body that is electrically insulative, and a bridge trace that is electrically conductive and connected to the body, the bridge trace extending from the first trace to the second trace to electrically connect the first trace and the second trace.

A flip-chip bonding structure includes a chip and a circuit board, the chip is bonded to the circuit board by bumps. The circuit board includes a light-transmissive substrate, a first circuit group, a second circuit group, a boundary circuit and an identifying member. The boundary circuit is located between the first and second circuit groups and projects a boundary circuit shadow on light-transmissive substrate. The boundary circuit shadow can be recognized according to the identifying member and is provided to identify the boundary between the first and second circuit groups or identify the position of leads with the smallest pitch.

A flip-chip bonding structure includes a chip and a circuit board, the chip is bonded to the circuit board by bumps. The circuit board includes a light-transmissive substrate, a first circuit group, a second circuit group, a boundary circuit and an identifying member. The boundary circuit is located between the first and second circuit groups and projects a boundary circuit shadow on light-transmissive substrate. The boundary circuit shadow can be recognized according to the identifying member and is provided to identify the boundary between the first and second circuit groups or identify the position of leads with the smallest pitch.