A flexible display includes a plurality of pixel chips, chixels, provided on a flexible substrate. The chixels and the light emitters thereon may be shaped, sized and arranged to minimize chixel, pixel, and sub-pixel gaps and to provide a desired bend radius of the display. The flexible substrate may include light manipulators, such as filters, light converters and the like to manipulate the light emitted from light emitters of the chixels. The light manipulators may be arranged to minimize chixel gaps between adjacent chixels.

A flexible display includes a plurality of pixel chips, chixels, provided on a flexible substrate. The chixels and the light emitters thereon may be shaped, sized and arranged to minimize chixel, pixel, and sub-pixel gaps and to provide a desired bend radius of the display. The flexible substrate may include light manipulators, such as filters, light converters and the like to manipulate the light emitted from light emitters of the chixels. The light manipulators may be arranged to minimize chixel gaps between adjacent chixels.

A photovoltaic structure can include two or more sets of parallel conductive fingers on a top surface and a bottom surface, such that the fingers can collect an electric current from the underlying photovoltaic structure. A scribing system can scribe a groove of a predetermined depth near and perpendicular to the plurality of fingers of the photovoltaic structure, and the photovoltaic structure can be cleaved along the groove to produce multiple strips that each can include a set of parallel fingers. An adhesive dispense system may deposit a band of conductive adhesive that can overlap a set of parallel fingers on each strip, and the strips may be overlapped over the conductive adhesive to form a string of cascaded strips. An adhesive-curing system can include an oven that may cure the conductive adhesive on one or more strips of the string at a time.

To eliminate electric discharge when an element formation layer including a semiconductor element is peeled from a substrate used for manufacturing the semiconductor element, a substrate over which an element formation layer and a peeling layer are formed and a film are made to go through a gap between pressurization rollers. The film is attached to the element formation layer between the pressurization rollers, bent along a curved surface of the pressurization roller on a side of the pressurization rollers, and collected. Peeling is generated between the element formation layer and the peeling layer and the element formation layer is transferred to the film. Liquid is sequentially supplied by a nozzle to a gap between the element formation layer and the peeling layer, which is generated by peeling, so that electric charge generated on surfaces of the element formation layer and the peeling layer is diffused by the liquid.

A flexible display includes a plurality of pixel chips, chixels, provided on a flexible substrate. The chixels and the light emitters thereon may be shaped, sized and arranged to minimize chixel, pixel, and sub-pixel gaps and to provide a desired bend radius of the display. The flexible substrate may include light manipulators, such as filters, light converters and the like to manipulate the light emitted from light emitters of the chixels. The light manipulators may be arranged to minimize chixel gaps between adjacent chixels.

The present invention relates to a multilayer structure including a base (X) and a layer (Y) stacked on the base (X), the layer (Y) containing the following at a specific ratio: a metal oxide (A); a phosphorus compound (B) containing a moiety capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A); and cations (Z) with an ionic charge (F.sub.Z) of 1 or more and 3 or less.

To eliminate electric discharge when an element formation layer including a semiconductor element is peeled from a substrate used for manufacturing the semiconductor element, a substrate over which an element formation layer and a peeling layer are formed and a film are made to go through a gap between pressurization rollers. The film is attached to the element formation layer between the pressurization rollers, bent along a curved surface of the pressurization roller on a side of the pressurization rollers, and collected. Peeling is generated between the element formation layer and the peeling layer and the element formation layer is transferred to the film. Liquid is sequentially supplied by a nozzle to a gap between the element formation layer and the peeling layer, which is generated by peeling, so that electric charge generated on surfaces of the element formation layer and the peeling layer is diffused by the liquid.

Nanowire-based photovoltaic energy conversion devices and related fabrication methods therefor are described. A plurality of photovoltaic (PV) nanowires extend outwardly from a surface layer of a substrate, each PV nanowire having a root end near the substrate surface layer and a tip end opposite the root end. For some embodiments, a collar material is formed that laterally surrounds and is in contact with the PV nanowires along a portion of one or more of their ends. According to some embodiments, the PV nanowires are formed on a crystalline silicon substrate. According to some other embodiments, the PV nanowires are formed on a roll-sourced continuous substrate.

The disclosure discloses a method for manufacturing a solar cell, a solar module, and a power generation system. The manufacturing method includes the following steps: S1: perforating film layer in a first region and/or a second region of a solar cell where an electrode is to be disposed, thus forming a plurality holes; S2: growing a plurality seed layers on the solar cell, contacting with the first region and/or the second region through the plurality of holes or grooves in S1; and S3: horizontally transporting a to-be-electroplated solar cell on a horizontal electroplating device, to form a cathode on the seed layer, where an anode terminal is disposed in an electroplating liquid in an electroplating bath, and a moving mechanism disposed in the electroplating bath drives the solar cell to move from inlet to outlet, thus achieving electroplating.

A method for applying an electrical conductor to an electrically insulating substrate, the method comprising providing a flexible membrane with a pattern of grooves formed on a first surface thereof, and loading the grooves with a composition comprising particles of a conductive material. The composition is, or may be made, electrically conductive. Once the membrane is loaded, the grooved first surface of the membrane is brought into contact with a front or/and back surface of the substrate. A pressure is then applied between the substrate and the membrane(s) so that the composition loaded into the grooves adheres to the substrate. The membrane(s) may remain on the electrically insulating substrate. The electrically conductive particles in the composition can then be sintered to form a pattern of electrical conductors on the substrate, the pattern corresponding to the pattern formed in the membrane(s).