The present invention relates to a light absorption layer for forming a photoelectric conversion element and an intermediate band solar cell excellent in quantum yield of two-step photon absorption, a photoelectric conversion element, and an intermediate band solar cell having the light absorption layer, the light absorption layer of the present invention containing a perovskite compound and a quantum dot having an upper end of a valence band at an energy level more negative than an upper end of a valence band of the perovskite compound, and having an intermediate band.

A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer provided on the light-emitting layer, and a cathode provided on the electron transport layer. A main component of the cathode is a metal boride. With the above configuration, a work function of the cathode is reduced and electron injection efficiency is improved. As a result, luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device is improved.

A color filter is disposed on a substrate. An organic photodiode is disposed on the color filter. The organic photodiode includes an electrode insulating layer having a recess region on the substrate, a first electrode on the color filter, the first electrode filling the recess region of the electrode insulating layer, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an organic photoelectric conversion layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a seam extending at a first angle from a side surface of the recess region of the electrode insulating layer.

To provide a transparent electrode that hardly causes migration of silver and has high resistance, a method for producing the same, and an electronic device using the transparent electrode.

A transparent electrode according to the embodiment includes a laminated structure in which a transparent base material, a conductive silver-containing layer, and a conductive oxide layer are laminated in this order,

wherein a ratio T.sub.800/T.sub.600 of total transmittances of the transparent electrode is 0.85 or more, where T.sub.800 and T.sub.600 are transmittances at wavelengths of 800 nm and 600 nm, respectively, and

the silver-containing layer is continuous. This electrode can be produced by bringing sulfur or a sulfur compound into contact with a laminated film in which a conductive silver-containing layer and a conductive oxide layer are laminated to form a sulfur-containing silver compound layer.

A perovskite-polymer composite comprising a perovskite and a polymer, wherein the polymer has a structural unit comprising a thiourea (—HN(C═S)NH—) fragment and a (—R.sup.1—O—R.sup.2—) fragment, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or a cycloalkyl linker; a mechanically robust and self-healable solar cell comprising same; and a method of making same.

Provided in embodiments of the present disclosure are a light-emitting structure, a display apparatus and an illuminating apparatus. The light-emitting structure includes at least two light-emitting layers stacked layer by layer, wherein the at least two light-emitting layers are used to emit at least two colors; and a transparent electrode, which is disposed between adjacent light-emitting layers. By means of providing the transparent electrode between adjacent light-emitting layers, the present disclosure adjusts the light colors of the light-emitting structure effectively, and improves the resolution of the light-emitting structure.

In the stretchable display device of the present disclosure, peeling and delamination of connection lines between adjacent circuits mounted on individual fixed substrates that might occur during stretching is reduced. According to one embodiment of the stretchable display device, the steepness of a slope in step in an insulating layer in contact with connection lines is reduced, which prevents delamination. A plurality of individual substrates are disposed on the lower substrate and located in the active area on the lower substrate. The modulus of elasticity of the individual substrates is significantly higher than the modulus of elasticity of the lower substrate. There is a first inorganic layer positioned on each of the plurality of individual substrates, the first inorganic layer having a sidewall surface extending upward from the first substrate. A organic layer is deposited overlying the first inorganic layer, including overlying the sidewall surface of the first inorganic layer. An electrical connection line is on the organic layer and not in contact with any part of the inorganic layer, providing the additional adhesion and thus preventing delamination of the electrical connection lines from the substrate.

A wiring line is provided on a TFT layer, in which the wiring line is formed in the same layer and formed of the same material as those of a reflection electrode. The reflection electrode includes a plurality of metallic conductive layers made up of a low resistance metallic material, an oxide-based lower transparent conductive layer provided on a lower surface side of a lowermost metallic conductive layer constituting a lowermost layer, an oxide-based upper transparent conductive layer having light reflectivity and provided on an upper surface side of an uppermost metallic conductive layer constituting an uppermost layer, and an oxide-based intermediate transparent conductive layer provided between the plurality of metallic conductive layers.

For a display apparatus with a reduced defect rate and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus, the display apparatus includes: a pixel electrode; an opposite electrode disposed on the pixel electrode; and an intermediate layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the opposite electrode, wherein the pixel electrode includes: a reflective layer including a first metal; a transparent layer disposed on the reflective layer; and a first barrier layer disposed between the reflective layer and the transparent layer. The first barrier layer includes an oxide of a second metal different from the first metal.

An electroluminescent display device and a light emitting device including a blue light emitting layer include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The light emitting layer includes a blue light emitting layer including a plurality of nanostructures, the plurality of nanostructures does not include cadmium. On an application of a bias voltage, the blue light emitting layer is configured to emit light of an emission peak wavelength (λ.sub.max) in a range of greater than or equal to about 445 nm and less than or equal to about 480 nm. During a bias voltage change from a first voltage to a second voltage, the second voltage being greater than the first voltage by at least about 5 volts, the emission peak wavelength (λ.sub.max) of the blue light emitting layer may exhibit a first emission peak wavelength (a 1.sup.st λ.sub.max wavelength) that is less than an emission peak wavelength at the first voltage (λ.sub.max@first voltage) and an emission peak wavelength at the second voltage (λ.sub.max@second voltage), and during the bias voltage change, a change width in emission peak wavelength (λmax) is less than or equal to about 4 nm.