A semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell), wherein the photoactive perovskite layer includes at least one polysaccharide-based inert polymer in an amount ranging between 0.5% by weight and 3.5% by weight, preferably ranging between 1% by weight and 3% by weight, more preferably ranging between 1.5% by weight and 2.8% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the perovskite precursors. The semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) can be advantageously used in various applications that require the production of electricity through the exploitation of light energy, in particular solar radiation energy such as, for example: building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems; photovoltaic windows; greenhouses; photo-bioreactors; noise barriers; lighting; design; advertising; automotive industry. Said semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) can be used either in a “stand alone” mode or in modular systems.

A semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell), wherein the photoactive perovskite layer includes at least one polysaccharide-based inert polymer in an amount ranging between 0.5% by weight and 3.5% by weight, preferably ranging between 1% by weight and 3% by weight, more preferably ranging between 1.5% by weight and 2.8% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the perovskite precursors. The semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) can be advantageously used in various applications that require the production of electricity through the exploitation of light energy, in particular solar radiation energy such as, for example: building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems; photovoltaic windows; greenhouses; photo-bioreactors; noise barriers; lighting; design; advertising; automotive industry. Said semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) can be used either in a “stand alone” mode or in modular systems.

A photoelectric conversion element includes a base, a first electrode on or above the base, an electron-transporting layer on or above the first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer on or above the electron-transporting layer, a hole-transporting layer on or above the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode on or above the hole-transporting layer. The photoelectric conversion element has a penetration portion penetrating the electron-transporting layer and the photoelectric conversion layer. The photoelectric conversion element includes, in the penetration portion, a material of the hole-transporting layer and a material of the second electrode.

A photoelectric conversion element includes a base, a first electrode on or above the base, an electron-transporting layer on or above the first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer on or above the electron-transporting layer, a hole-transporting layer on or above the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode on or above the hole-transporting layer. The photoelectric conversion element has a penetration portion penetrating the electron-transporting layer and the photoelectric conversion layer. The photoelectric conversion element includes, in the penetration portion, a material of the hole-transporting layer and a material of the second electrode.

A solar cell 100 includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 6, an electron transport layer 2, a first photoelectric conversion layer 3, and a coating layer 5. The first photoelectric conversion layer 3 is disposed between the first electrode 6 and the substrate 1. The substrate 1 has a first main surface and a second main surface, and the second main surface has an uneven structure. The electron transport layer 2 has a first main surface and a second main surface, and the first main surface and the second main surface each have an uneven structure. The first photoelectric conversion layer 3 has a first main surface and a second main surface. The second main surface of the substrate 1 faces the first main surface of the electron transport layer 2.

A solar cell 100 includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 6, an electron transport layer 2, a first photoelectric conversion layer 3, and a coating layer 5. The first photoelectric conversion layer 3 is disposed between the first electrode 6 and the substrate 1. The substrate 1 has a first main surface and a second main surface, and the second main surface has an uneven structure. The electron transport layer 2 has a first main surface and a second main surface, and the first main surface and the second main surface each have an uneven structure. The first photoelectric conversion layer 3 has a first main surface and a second main surface. The second main surface of the substrate 1 faces the first main surface of the electron transport layer 2.

A solar cell according to the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer. At least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode has a light-transmitting property. The photoelectric conversion layer contains a perovskite compound composed of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, and a halogen anion. The electron transport layer contains a metal oxynitride having electron conductivity. The metal oxynitride has an electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to 1×10.sup.−7 S/cm.

The present disclosure provides a polyoxomolybdate material and a preparation method and use thereof, a solar cell, and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and belongs to the technical field of optoelectronic devices. An organic solar cell (OSC) with the polyoxomolybdate material of the present disclosure as an electrode interface material has an open-circuit voltage of 0.810 V to 0.860 V, a short-circuit current density of 24.50 mA/cm.sup.2 to 26.10 mA/cm.sup.2, a fill factor of 68.7% to 78.8%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.21% to 17.42%. An OLED with the polyoxomolybdate material of the present disclosure has a turn-on voltage of 2.3 V to 3.5 V, a maximum brightness of 14,330 cd/m.sup.2 to 43,430 cd/m.sup.2, a current efficiency of 7.00 cd/A to 15.00 cd/A, and a power efficiency of 3.50 lm/W to 13.00 lm/W, and exhibits prominent LED performance.

The present invention relates to a perovskite optoelectronic device and a manufacturing method therefor. The present invention allows manufacture of a perovskite optoelectronic device with high efficiency at a low cost, as well as improving the electrical conductivity of a carbon nanotube electrode, by laying graphene oxide over conventional carbon nanotubes and may also be applied to a flexible device.

A detection device is a detection device including a plurality of optical sensors arranged on a substrate. In each of the optical sensors, a lower electrode, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, and an upper electrode are stacked in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the substrate in the order as listed. The active layer contains an organic semiconductor. The hole transport layer includes a metal oxide layer and is provided on the active layer so as to be in contact therewith.