An apparatus for manufacturing a display device includes: a stage configured to hold a substrate; a movement unit configured to move relative to the stage; a head unit arranged on the movement unit and including a nozzle for discharging a liquid droplet onto the substrate; and a sensor unit configured to emit a laser to irradiate the liquid droplet falling from the head unit to the substrate to sense a portion of a planar shape of the liquid droplet. The apparatus is configured to control the movement unit or the head unit based on the sensed portion of the planar shape.

A method of manufacturing a display panel includes providing a base substrate and forming a plurality of anodes above the base substrate; forming a photoresist layer above a side of the base substrate above which the plurality of anodes are formed, the photoresist layer including a plurality of openings and each opening corresponding to at least one anode; and forming a plurality of light emitting layers and a cathode layer sequentially above a side of the base substrate above which the plurality of anodes and the photoresist layer are formed, the cathode layer including a plurality of cathode films and each cathode film corresponding to a single opening.

An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes: an auxiliary electrode including: a first conductive layer; and a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer having a resistance higher than a resistance of the first conductive layer, wherein the second conductive layer includes an opening portion exposing the first conductive layer; a pixel electrode; a pixel definition layer disposed on the pixel electrode and the auxiliary electrode, the pixel definition layer exposing the pixel electrode and the auxiliary electrode; a first intermediate layer disposed on the pixel electrode and the auxiliary electrode, the first intermediate layer including a first opening corresponding to the opening portion; an emission layer disposed on the first intermediate layer overlapping the exposed pixel electrode.

A method of laser-depositing at least one type of organic material, characterized in that a duty ratio of a laser that evaporates the organic material is adjusted, which addresses the problem of providing an organic material deposition method and deposition apparatus that solve the issues in the conventional art, such as the organic material vaporizing and contaminating the other raw materials to be deposited, and the film formation rate running out of control, and whereby the film formation rate and the evaporation rate can be stably adjusted and controlled. Additionally, the invention is characterized in that the duty ratio is adjusted based on the evaporation rate of the organic substance or the vapor pressure inside the vacuum chamber used for deposition.

A method of manufacturing an electroluminescent device includes forming a first patterned structure in a first pixel through a first opening of a first sacrificial layer; removing the first sacrificial layer; forming a second patterned structure in a second pixel through a second opening of a second sacrificial layer; removing the second sacrificial layer; and removing a first patterned protecting layer from the first patterned structure and a second patterned protecting layer from the second patterned structure to respectively form a first patterned light-emitting layer and a second patterned light-emitting layer.

Provided is a display substrate, including: a silicon-based substrate having a display area, a binding area located on one side of the display area, and a trace area located between the display area and the binding area; a trace protection structure is arranged on the silicon-based substrate in the trace area, and a pad assembly is integrated in the silicon-based substrate in the binding area; and a minimum distance between an edge of an orthographic projection of the trace protection structure on the silicon-based substrate and an edge of an orthographic projection of an opening of the pad assembly on the silicon-based substrate is smaller than a maximum size of one subpixel.

The present invention relates to a multilayer conductive system of metal oxides comprising: i. a substrate; ii. a layer of a crystalline binary metal oxide deposited on the substrate (i); and iii. a layer of a crystalline conductive metal oxide having a crystalline structure of perovskite type superposed over the layer of binary metal oxide (ii); the binary metal oxide of the layer (ii) having a local lattice mismatch of less than 5% with respect to that of the metal oxide of the layer (iii); provided that when the metal oxide of perovskite type of the layer (iii) is a crystalline transparent conductive metal oxide, the substrate (i) is transparent and the thickness of the crystalline binary metal oxide layer (ii) is <20 nm, preferably <10 nm, most preferentially 5-7 nm.

The invention also relates to a method for preparing the multilayer system, an electronic component comprising same, as well as to the use of the multilayer system in a variety of applications in particular in optoelectronics and solar technologies.

The invention also relates to the use of a thin layer of crystalline binary metal oxide as a seed layer for the crystal growth of a metal oxide having a crystalline structure of perovskite type, the binary metal oxide having a local lattice mismatch of less than 5% with respect to the lattice of the metal oxide of perovskite type.

A method for manufacturing a display device includes providing a donor substrate including a first base substrate and an organic material layer disposed on the first base substrate, etching the organic material layer to form an etched organic material layer using a laser device, providing a display substrate including a second base substrate and a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the second base substrate, aligning the donor substrate and the display substrate such that the etched organic material layer faces the plurality of first electrodes, and transferring the etched organic material layer to the display substrate using an energy generation device.

A translucent photovoltaic (PV) device comprising a semi-transparent substrate 120 and at least one translucent photovoltaic (PV) cell 100, the PV cell 100 comprising a stack 110 of layers disposed on the substrate 120, the stack 110 comprising: a front electrode layer 112, a back electrode layer 113, and a perovskite photoactive layer 111 between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The back electrode layer 113 comprises carbon, wherein the stack 110 of layers comprises laser-made light-transmissive apertures 130 extending through at least the back electrode layer 113 and the perovskite photoactive layer 111 wherein the light-transmissive apertures 130 are fully surrounded by the layer stack 110 layers that contribute to the power conversion.

Provided are a solar cell having a good conversion efficiency in which damage to a p-n junction structure is prevented when an antireflection film is removed, and a method of manufacturing such a solar cell.