A method for depositing a film on a substrate, which includes the steps of forming a film using a liquid composition that includes a neutral surfactant and a charged lamellar compound, placing the film in contact with the substrate and depositing the film on substrate. Also, a process for analyzing a substrate onto which a film has been deposited by the method.

This invention generally relates to a method for preparing and transferring a monolayer or thin film. In particular this present invention is an improved version of the Langmuir-Schaefer technique for preparing and transferring a monolayer or thin film, incorporating in situ thermal control of the substrate during the transfer process.

Disclosed are organic electroluminescent material and device. The organic electroluminescent material is a metal complex with a structure of Formula 1. These novel metal complexes can be used in electroluminescent device, and show more excellent performance, for example, they can reduce the driving voltage and full width at half maximum, obtain more saturated light emission, improve the efficiency and the lifetime of the device, and finally, it can improve the comprehensive performance of the device significantly.

A light emitting element according to an embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The emission layer includes a first compound, and at least one of a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound. The first compound is represented by Formula 1, the second compound is represented by Formula HT-1, the third compound is represented by Formula ET-1, and the fourth compound is represented by Formula M-b. Accordingly, the light emitting element has decreased driving voltage and improved efficiency.

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Design and use of photo-switching, fullerene-based dyads of the design x-D-y-A or D-y-A-x as interfacial layers (IFL) for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are described herein. The fullerene-based dyads and triads of the present invention contain electron-donating substituents such as porphyrins or phthalocyanines that exhibit charge separation states with long lifetimes upon irradiation, resulting in rejection of electrons reaching the electrode and concurrently promoting the conduction of holes. This phenomenon has a strong rectifying effect on the whole device, not just the interfaces, resulting in improved charge extraction from the interior of the photo-active layer. The invention further describes anchoring an IFL to the ITO surface as a monolayer, bilayer, or greater multilayers. One OPV design embodiment of the present invention embodiment involves the formation of covalent bonds via silane groups (—SiR.sub.3) as the anchor (x), to form siloxane bonds.

This invention relates to a method for preparing an organic film at the surface of a solid support, with a step of contacting said surface with a liquid solution including (i) at least one protic solvent, (ii) at least one adhesion primer, and (iii) at least one monomer different from the adhesion primer and radically polymerisable, under non-electrochemical conditions, and allowing the formation of radical entities based on the adhesion primer. This invention also relates to a non-electrically-conductive solid support on which an organic film according to said method is grafted, and a kit for preparing an essentially polymeric organic film at the surface of a solid support.

An organic light emitting device including a first electrode; a self-assembled monolayer on the first electrode; a hole control layer on the self-assembled monolayer; a light emitting layer on the hole control layer; an electron control layer on the light emitting layer; and a second electrode on the electron control layer, wherein the self-assembled monolayer includes a plurality of organic molecules, each of the plurality of organic molecules having a head bonded to the first electrode, a terminal end adjacent to the hole control layer, and a tail connecting the head with the terminal end.

This invention relates to a method for preparing an organic film at the surface of a solid support, with a step of contacting said surface with a liquid solution including (i) at least one solvent, (ii) at least one adhesion primer, under non-electrochemical conditions, and allowing the formation of radical entities based on the adhesion primer. The liquid solution can also include (iii) at least one monomer different from the adhesion primer and radically polymerizable. This invention also relates to a non-electrically-conductive solid support on which an organic film according to said method is grafted, and a kit for preparing an essentially polymeric organic film at the surface of a solid support.

Disclosed is a building blocks method for low-cost fabrication of single crystal organometallic perovskite materials with pseudo crystallized hole transporting material layer. This method uses self-assembled molecular monolayers SAM as building blocks. This approach enables creation of defect-free perovskite crystals with desired morphology and crystallinity in a controlled way. Additionally, the crosslinked molecular layers SAM play a role of hole transporting materials HTM and encapsulation against diffusion of metal atoms and gas molecules, thus enhancing the stability of the perovskite materials. This method is cost effective and can be scaled up.

A light-emitting device, including: a carbon-containing film, wherein the carbon-containing film includes at least one carbon atom; and a light-emitting group represented by Formula 1, wherein the light-emitting group is chemically bonded to the at least one carbon atom on a surface of the carbon-containing film:

*—(C≡C)—(A.sub.1).sub.m1—(A.sub.2).sub.m2   Formula 1

wherein * indicates a chemical bonding site to the at least one carbon atom on the surface of the carbon-containing film, A.sub.1 is a linking group, A.sub.2 is a group comprising a light-emitting moiety, and m1 and m2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 10.