The present invention relates to a high temperature-superconducting wire having a superconducting layer laminated thereon and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes: preparing a pair of superconducting wires each of which includes a metal substrate, a buffer layer, a superconducting layer, and a protective layer; laminating the pair of superconducting wires to allow respective protective layers to face each other; performing thermal treatment to the laminated superconducting wires to join the protective layers together; separating the metal substrate and the buffer layer from the superconducting layer on one side; and forming a protective layer on an upper part of the superconducting layer having a surface exposed. The present invention provides a high temperature-superconducting wire which includes a plurality of biaxially textured superconducting layers laminated thereby improving electro-conductivity, wherein the plurality of superconducting layers are separated from each other thereby reducing a loss of alternating current.

The present invention relates to an optoelectronic device comprising: (a) a substrate comprising at least one first electrode, which at least one first electrode comprises a first electrode material, and at least one second electrode, which at least one second electrode comprises a second electrode material; and (b) a photoactive material disposed on the substrate, which photoactive material is in contact with the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode, wherein the substrate comprises: a layer of the first electrode material; and, disposed on the layer of the first electrode material, a layer of an insulating material, which layer of an insulating material partially covers the layer of the first electrode material; and, disposed on the layer of the insulating material, the second electrode material, and wherein the photoactive material comprises a crystalline compound, which crystalline compound comprises: one or more first cations selected from metal or metalloid cations; one or more second cations selected from Cs.sup.+′RB.sup.+, K.sup.+, NH.sup.4 + and organic cations; and one or more halide or chalcogenide anions. A substrate comprising a first and second electrode and processes are also described.

The present invention relates to a method for coating a substrate, in particular a superconducting tape conductor, in a vacuum environment, comprising: generating a metallic material in the gas phase, feeding the gaseous metallic material into an expansion chamber, wherein the expansion chamber is adapted to cause the gaseous metallic material to expand and be directed towards the substrate, and depositing the metallic material on at least part of the surface of the substrate. Further, the present invention relates to a coated superconducting tape conductor comprising: at least one superconducting layer and at least one metallic coating deposited on the tape conductor, wherein the thickness of the metallic coating is at least 1 m and varies over the width of the coated tape conductor by no more than 10%, preferably no more than 5%.

The present invention relates to a high temperature-superconducting wire having a superconducting layer laminated thereon and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes: preparing a pair of superconducting wires each of which includes a metal substrate, a buffer layer, a superconducting layer, and a protective layer; laminating the pair of superconducting wires to allow respective protective layers to face each other; performing thermal treatment to the laminated superconducting wires to join the protective layers together; separating the metal substrate and the buffer layer from the superconducting layer on one side; and forming a protective layer on an upper part of the superconducting layer having a surface exposed. The present invention provides a high temperature-superconducting wire which includes a plurality of biaxially textured superconducting layers laminated thereby improving electro-conductivity, wherein the plurality of superconducting layers are separated from each other thereby reducing a loss of alternating current.

In the present invention, a p-type silicon substrate is produced, a solution containing aluminum is misted, and the misted solution is sprayed onto the back surface of the p-type silicon substrate under non-vacuum to form a back surface passivation film made of the aluminum oxide film on the back surface of the p-type silicon substrate. Thereafter, a light irradiation processing in which an interface between the p-type silicon substrate and the back surface passivation film is irradiated with ultraviolet light is performed.

Disclosed is a superconducting article comprising a silver overlayer consisting of no more than about 20% of grains over about 1 m, having a minimum Vickers micro-hardness value of about 100, and a porosity of less than about 1%. A method of manufacturing a superconducting tape is disclosed as comprising, deposition of silver, oxygenation at about 400 C. for about 30 minutes, slitting, deposition of silver at a temperature of less than about 250 C., and application of copper.

A method for manufacturing superconducting films. The method includes: heating a first atmosphere environment where a first superconducting film is located from a first temperature to a second temperature, so that the first superconducting film is in a second atmosphere environment, the first superconducting film being a superconducting material deposited on a substrate; continuously introducing hydrogen atoms into the second atmosphere environment and maintaining for a predetermined duration after the second atmosphere environment reaches the second temperature, so that the first superconducting film is in a third atmosphere environment and micro-scale crystal structure defects of the first superconducting film are filled with the hydrogen atoms, the second temperature being configured to maintain a free state of the hydrogen atoms; and cooling the third atmosphere environment from the second temperature to a third temperature less than the first temperature after the predetermined duration to manufacture a second superconducting film.

The present invention relates to a superconductor and a method of manufacturing the same. The superconductor comprises: a substrate having a tape shape that extends in a first direction and having surfaces which are defined as a top surface, a bottom surface, and both side surfaces; a superconductive layer positioned on the top surface of the substrate; a first stabilizing layer disposed on the superconductive layer and containing a first metal; a protective layer disposed on the first stabilizing layer and containing a second metal which is different from the first metal; and an first alloy layer disposed between the stabilizing layer and the protective layer and containing the first and second metals.

The present invention relates to an optoelectronic device comprising: (a) a substrate comprising at least one first electrode, which at least one first electrode comprises a first electrode material, and at least one second electrode, which at least one second electrode comprises a second electrode material; and (b) a photoactive material disposed on the substrate, which photoactive material is in contact with the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode, wherein the substrate comprises: a layer of the first electrode material; and, disposed on the layer of the first electrode material, a layer of an insulating material, which layer of an insulating material partially covers the layer of the first electrode material; and, disposed on the layer of the insulating material, the second electrode material, and wherein the photoactive material comprises a crystalline compound, which crystalline compound comprises: one or more first cations selected from metal or metalloid cations; one or more second cations selected from Cs.sup.+RB.sup.+, K.sup.+, NH.sup.4 + and organic cations; and one or more halide or chalcogenide anions. A substrate comprising a first and second electrode and processes are also described.

A method and apparatus passivates a cuprate body. The cuprate body revealing an unprotected surface is placed in a vessel. The unprotected surface of the cuprate body is exposed to gaseous Xenon Difluoride admitted through a valve into the vessel. During a duration of the exposure, atoms of Fluorine from the gaseous Xenon Difluoride displace atoms of Oxygen in the cuprate body near the unprotected surface. A timer controls a duration of exposing the unprotected surface of the cuprate body to the gaseous Xenon Difluoride admitted into the vessel.