A Type II superconductor includes a perforated carbonaceous material with an activating material on at least one surface. The activating material a non-polar liquid that does not incorporate Pi-bonding in its structure. The superconductor is manufactured by perforating a carbonaceous material to produce voids and coating at least one surface of the carbonaceous material with the activating material. A superconductive cable includes wires with a perforated carbonaceous material wetted with the activating material on a non-conductive substrate interspersed with non-conducting spacers and surrounded by an insulation layer. The superconductor conducts current at room temperature and above.

A multiple functioning superconductive device was invented based on Toroidal Josephson Junction (FFTJJ) array with 3D-cage structure self-assembled organo-metallic superlattice membrane. The device not only mimics the structure and function of an activated Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein, but also mimics the cylinder structure of the Heat Shock Protein (HSP60) protein, that works at room temperature under a normal atmosphere, and without external electromagnetic power applied. The device enabled direct rapid real-time monitoring atto-molarity concentration ATP in biological specimens and was able to define the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory status revealed a transitional range of ATP concentration under antibody-free, tracer-free and label-free conditions.

A Type II superconductor includes a perforated carbonaceous material with an activating material on at least one surface. The activating material a non-polar liquid that does not incorporate Pi-bonding in its structure. The superconductor is manufactured by perforating a carbonaceous material to produce voids and coating at least one surface of the carbonaceous material with the activating material. A superconductive cable includes wires with a perforated carbonaceous material wetted with the activating material on a non-conductive substrate interspersed with non-conducting spacers and surrounded by an insulation layer. The superconductor conducts current at room temperature and above.

Topological superconductive and memristive nanostructured toroidal-tower array devices are invented for direct electrochemical sensing of multiple biomarkers based on the biomimetic glucose . . . pyruvate . . . acetyl CoA (ACoA) fuel energy pathway of mitochondria. The device comprises flexible fractional Josephson junctions (FFJJ) made of innate organometallic protein cross-linked with conductive polymers forming a first layer membrane on the electrode surface, a medium comprising of glucose and acetyl CoA (ACoA) molecules (as the GA medium), serves as an insulator or a conductor when pyruvate molecules activated the medium, and the second layer comprising of an innate Heat Shock Protein (HSP) cross-linked with the similar polymers on top of the first layer. Cooper-pairs reentry between the state of superconductivity at room temperature and the memristive state are enabled through a molecular “Valve” GA medium activated by a biomarker to switch the electron move in a 3D horizontal-vertical pathway from low Josephson frequency to high Josephson frequency, enabled the device to direct sensitive and quantitative sensing multiple-biomarkers without antibody or labeling, wherein many applications are discussed.

A multiple functioning superconductive device was invented based on Toroidal Josephson Junction (FFTJJ) array with 3D-cage structure self-assembled organo-metallic superlattice membrane. The device not only mimics the structure and function of an activated Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein, but also mimics the cylinder structure of the Heat Shock Protein (HSP60) protein, that works at room temperature under a normal atmosphere, and without external electromagnetic power applied. The device enabled direct rapid real-time monitoring atto-molarity concentration ATP in biological specimens and was able to define the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory status revealed a transitional range of ATP concentration under antibody-free, tracer-free and label-free conditions.

A superconductor device includes a low-dimensional material with a critical temperature higher than a critical temperature corresponding to a bulk form of the low-dimensional material. The low-dimensional material can include shape and structural modifications of a low-dimensional material. The superconductor device can include various conformational arrangements of the low-dimensional material such as nanoribbons, nanotubes, or helices. The superconductor device can include functional groups, such as hydrogen, attached to the low-dimensional material. The superconductor device can include metallic clusters located in proximity to the low-dimensional material. The superconductor device can include a low-dimensional material which is a monolayer, bilayer or multilayer.

A switchable Josephson junction is provided that includes a plurality of ferromagnetic insulators that are defined by their respective magnetic alignments. A first superconducting layer that is positioned between any two of the ferromagnetic insulators, wherein the conductive state is controlled by the relative magnetization orientation of the ferromagnetic insulators where the first superconducting layer is superconducting when the two magnetizations are aligned in antiparallel but it turns normally conducting when the magnetic alignment is parallel. A second superconducting layer is adjacent one of the ferromagnetic layers, wherein Josephson tunneling occurs between the first superconducting layer and second superconducting layer across one of the ferromagnetic layers.

A switchable Josephson junction is provided that includes a plurality of ferromagnetic insulators that are defined by their respective magnetic alignments. A first superconducting layer that is positioned between any two of the ferromagnetic insulators, wherein the conductive state is controlled by the relative magnetization orientation of the ferromagnetic insulators where the first superconducting layer is superconducting when the two magnetizations are aligned in antiparallel but it turns normally conducting when the magnetic alignment is parallel. A second superconducting layer is adjacent one of the ferromagnetic layers, wherein Josephson tunneling occurs between the first superconducting layer and second superconducting layer across one of the ferromagnetic layers.

A conductive polymer formed by the photochemical condensation polymerization of polyacetylene. E,E,1,4-diiodobuta-1,4-diene ICH=CHCH+CHI (DIBD) in a crystalline urea inclusion compound is illuminated with low power broad spectrum pulsed UV visible radiation to form an irradiated DIBD urea inclusion compound that exhibits superconductivity and can be configured into an energy storage device that is rechargeable via magnetic induction. Altnernatively, (E,E,E)-1,6-diiodohexa-1,3-5-triene may be used as the guest monomer that is polymerized in the crystalline urea inclusion compound and the resulting polyacetylene urea composite crystal may be formed into a circuit for use as a superconductor.

The present invention concerns electrically conductive nanocomposites. More specifically the electrical conductance of graphitic material can be improved significantly by a molecular coating that has well defined repeating structure. Even superconductivity of these materials may be possible at technologically meaningful temperatures.