A method of forming carbon fibers having internal cavities. The method includes applying a polymer material to a tooling component to form carbon fiber precursor hollow tubes, oxidizing the carbon fiber precursor hollow tubes, and carbonizing the carbon fiber hollow tubes to form carbon fibers, each having a hollow inner cavity

An inspectable joint in a medical device is disclosed that includes at least one medical-grade tube having an end, a medical-grade fitting having at least one joining surface configured to accept the end of the tube, and a joining material disposed between the tube and the joining surface. The joining material includes a first component configured to couple the tube to the fitting and a second component configured to provide observable evidence of the presence of the joining material between the tube and the joining surface.

Apparatus and methods are provided for making coated liners and/or tubular devices including such coated liners. A sleeve may be provided that includes an outer first surface and an inner second surface extending between first and second ends thereof, and a hydrophilic or other coating may be applied to the first. The coated sleeve may be cut between the first and second ends to create opposing edges extending between the first and second ends, and the cut sleeve may be reversed such that the coated first surface defines an inner surface and the opposing edges are disposed adjacent one another, thereby providing a coated liner. Optionally, a tubular structure, e.g., one or more reinforcing layers and/or or outer layers may be attached around the coated liner, thereby providing a tubular device including an inner surface with a desired coating.

The present invention provides constructs including a tubular biodegradable polyglycolic acid scaffold, wherein the scaffold may be coated with extracellular matrix proteins and substantially acellular. The constructs can be utilized as an arteriovenous graft, a coronary graft, a peripheral artery bypass conduit, or a urinary conduit. The present invention also provides methods of producing such constructs.

Graphene reinforced materials and related methods of manufacture are provided. The graphene reinforced materials include graphene sheet or scroll, graphene-polymer sheet or scroll, and graphene-carbon sheet or scroll, each having material properties that are attractive across a broad range of applications and industries. The graphene reinforced materials generally include monolayer or multilayer graphene that is synthesized by annealing a catalyst substrate within a CVD chamber, introducing a hydrocarbon gas as a carbon source with the CVD chamber to form a layer of graphene on the catalyst substrate, detaching the catalyst substrate from the layer of graphene, and rolling the layer of graphene onto itself to form a scroll, optionally with the addition of a polymer layer or carbonized layer on the graphene layer.

Implementations described herein include films with maintained or decreased light transmittance despite a reduction in gauge. In particular, one or more implementations include a multi-layer film with each layer having differing opacity agents. The combination of the two different opacity agents in two different layers can have a synergistic effect that provide decreased light transmittance. Indeed, in one or more embodiments a multi-layer film with differing opacity agents in each layer has a decreased light transmittance despite a reduction in gauge and opacity agents.

Implementations described herein include films with maintained or decreased light transmittance despite a reduction in gauge. In particular, one or more implementations include a multi-layer film with each layer having differing opacity agents. The combination of the two different opacity agents in two different layers can have a synergistic effect that provide decreased light transmittance. Indeed, in one or more embodiments a multi-layer film with differing opacity agents in each layer has a decreased light transmittance despite a reduction in gauge and opacity agents.

A method of forming carbon fibers having internal cavities. The method includes applying a polymer material to a tooling component to form carbon fiber precursor hollow tubes, oxidizing the carbon fiber precursor hollow tubes, and carbonizing the carbon fiber hollow tubes to form carbon fibers, each having a hollow inner cavity.

An aerospace vessel including a fuselage, a means for causing the fuselage to fly coupled to the fuselage, and an environmental control system within the fuselage. The environmental control system includes a duct made of closed cell thermoplastic foam, such as polyvinylidene fluoride foam.

A plastic container is provided having a sidewall, a downwardly extending upper lip, and a perforated line defined at a top edge of the container where the lip and sidewall are joined. The sidewall and lip may be formed from a container body constructed of a single sheet of material that is wrapped such that marginal edge portions of the blank are brought together in overlapping fashion to form a side seam. When the sidewall and lip are formed from such a blank of material, the perforated line is formed a specified distance below a top edge of such blank. The perforated line reduces the amount of force, heat and lubricant required in order to form (e.g., curl, roll, fold or bend) the upper lip of the container. The slits of the perforated line may extend across a width of the blank in either a uniform or variable fashion.