It is intended to provide a novel artificial sueded leather having flame retardance, which is excellent inflame retardance, light resistance and abrasion resistance, suffers from no water spot and is free from any halogenated chemical (i.e., one having been treated with a so-called non-halogenated flame retardant), and a method of producing the same. The above artificial sueded leather comprises a thermoplastic synthetic fiber cloth made of a woven fabric, a knitted web or a nonwoven fabric, which has a raised-fiber or napped-fiber surface and has been impregnated with a polyurethane resin, and a flame retardant which contains at least a phosphate compound A having a solubility in water of 1% or less, a vinyl group-containing resin C capable of forming a carbonization skeleton in burning and a water-insoluble thickener D and is imparted to one face of the thermoplastic synthetic fiber cloth. A method of producing the artificial sueded leather as described above comprises imparting an flame retardant, which contains at least a phosphate compound A having a solubility in water of 1% or less, a vinyl group-containing resin C capable of forming a carbonization skeleton in burning and a water-insoluble thickener D, to one face of a thermoplastic synthetic fiber cloth made of a woven fabric, a knitted web or a nonwoven fabric which has a raised-fiber or napped-fiber surface and has been impregnated with a polyurethane resin.

Epoxy containing phosphonate monomers, polymers, copolymers, oligomers and co-oligomers and methods for making the same are describes herein. These materials can be used to make polymers, and can be combined with other polymers, oligomers or monomer mixtures to make resins with excellent fire resistance that can be used in a variety of industrial and consumer products.

The present invention relates to a flame-retarding agent comprising a phosphoramidate compound represented by Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently C.sub.1-3 alkyl, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 are each independently C.sub.1-3 alkylene, R.sub.13 is C.sub.1-6 alkylene, B.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and A is hydrogen or an organic group represented by Formula (Ia): ##STR00002##
wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently C.sub.1-3 alkyl, R.sub.14 and R.sub.15 are each independently C.sub.1-3 alkylene, and B.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
wherein when B.sub.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and A is hydrogen, B.sub.1 and R.sub.13-A, taken together with nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle, and
wherein when B.sub.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, A is an organic group represented by Formula (Ia), and B.sub.2 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, B.sub.1 and B.sub.2, taken together with nitrogen to which they are attached and with R.sub.13, may form a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle.

A composition comprises at least one condensed phosphorus compound. The condensed phosphorus compound is produced by reacting together in a condensation reaction a nitrogen compound and a phosphonium compound. A phosphorus-containing polymer is produced by reacting in a condensation reaction a hydroxyalkylphosphonium compound to produce an intermediate polymer and then oxidizing phosphorus atoms in the intermediate polymer to yield a polymer comprising phosphine oxide groups.

Embodiments of the present invention use melamine-based resins as a pretreatment on fabrics and fabric blends in combination with phosphorus-based flame retardants to improve flame retardant performance, durability, and further promote char formation in a combustion zone of the fabric.

An article comprises a textile material and a flame retardant, phosphorus-containing polymer. The flame retardant, phosphorus, containing polymer can be present in the form of a plurality of microprotuberances. The flame retardant, phosphorus, containing polymer can contain a relatively low amount of residual hydroxyalkyl groups bonded to the phosphorus atoms in the polymer. A process for producing a treated textile material is also provided.

A laminated sheet includes a base cloth layer having a porous structure obtained by impregnating a woven fabric, which has a tear strength by a trapezoid method of 150 N or more in the longitudinal direction and 100 N or more in the lateral direction, with a resin composition containing a polyurethane resin and an organic flame retardant, and a skin layer layered on the base cloth layer, and has plural air holes penetrating in the thickness direction.

Disclosure of functionalized ionic liquids. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as solvent for carbon dioxide. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as flame retardant. Use of disclosed ionic liquids for coating fabric to obtain flame retardant fabric.

Disclosure of functionalized ionic liquids. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as solvent for carbon dioxide. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as flame retardant. Use of disclosed ionic liquids for coating fabric to obtain flame retardant fabric.