Sandwich-structured dielectric materials for pulse energy storage as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

A sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage is provided as well as a preparation method thereof. Employing a sandwich structure and combining the properties of ceramic-glass materials prepares a high performance dielectric material for pulse energy storage, in which the ceramic dielectric is core-shell structured powder of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 coated with SiO.sub.2, and the glass material is alkali-free glass AF45, of which the chemical composition is 63% SiO.sub.2-12% BaO-16% B.sub.2O.sub.3-9% Al.sub.2O.sub.3. AF45 alkali-free glass paste is spin-coated on both sides of the ceramic and calcined to get a layer-structured material of glass-ceramic-glass.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage, wherein, comprising the following steps: (1) dispersing Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder in ethyl alcohol, adding glacial acetic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone, mixing uniformly, then adding ethyl orthosilicate to adjust pH, reacting at 30-60° C. with stirring for 12-24 hours, getting a suspension, which is filtered and dried to get BST@SiO.sub.2 powder; wherein x represents the molar fraction of Ba, 0.2≤x≤0.6, and BST@SiO.sub.2 identifies a core-shell structure with BST as a core of the core-shell structure and SiO.sub.2 as a shell of the core-shell structure; (2) mixing the BST@SiO.sub.2 powder with a binder uniformly, molding at 150-200 MPa, discharging, and finally calcining at 1100-1200° C. to get ceramic blocks; (3) mixing SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ball-milling uniformly, then sieving, drying, melting at 1400-1500° C. for 2-4 hours, quenching, to get frits; adding water into the frits and then ball-milling and drying again, to get AF45 glass; wherein the chemical composition of the AF45 glass in molar contents is 63% SiO.sub.2-12% BaO-16% B.sub.2O.sub.3-9% Al.sub.2O.sub.3; (4) adding the AF45 glass and carboxymethyl cellulose into water, to get AF45 glass paste, which is spin-coated onto both sides of ceramic blocks, dried and then calcined, to get a sandwich-structured material of glass-ceramic-glass.

2. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, the weight of ethyl alcohol in step (1) is 100-200 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder; the weight of glacial acetic acid is 4-6 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder; the weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50-100% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder; and the weight of ethyl orthosilicate is 2-8% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder.

3. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, the conditions for calcination in step (4) are: calcination at 800-1000° C. for 10-30 min.

4. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 2, wherein, the conditions for calcination in step (4) are: calcination at 800-1000° C. for 10-30 min.

5. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, the adjustment of pH in step (1) means adjusting the pH to 9-11 with aqueous ammonia; and the time for calcination in step (2) is 2-4 hours.

6. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 2, wherein, the adjustment of pH in step (1) means adjusting the pH to 9-11 with aqueous ammonia; and the time for calcination in step (2) is 2-4 hours.

7. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, the binder in step (2) is PVA; the weight of the binder is 1-3% that of the BST@SiO.sub.2 powder; the discharging conditions are: holding at 500-600° C. for 4-8 hours.

8. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 2, wherein, the binder in step (2) is PVA; the weight of the binder is 1-3% that of BST@SiO.sub.2 powder; the discharging conditions are: holding at 500-600° C. for 4-8 hours.

9. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, the Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder in step (1) is prepared by the method below: mixing BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 uniformly at a molar ratio of x:(1−x):1, adding NaCl and mixing uniformly, and ball-milling, sieving, drying, then calcining at 1000-1200° C. for 2-4 hours, filtering and drying to get Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder; wherein the weight of NaCl is 5-15 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2; absolute ethyl alcohol is used as the medium for ball-milling, wherein the added amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2; the ball-milling conditions are: ball-milling at 400-500 r/min for 4-8 hours; and the sieving mesh count is 100-200 meshes.

10. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 2, wherein, the Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder in step (1) is prepared by the method below: mixing BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 uniformly at a molar ratio of x:(1−x):1, adding NaCl and mixing uniformly, and ball-milling, sieving, drying, then calcining at 1000-1200° C. for 2-4 hours, filtering and drying to get Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder; wherein the weight of NaCl is 5-15 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2; absolute ethyl alcohol is used as the medium for ball-milling, wherein the added amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2; the ball-milling conditions are: ball-milling at 400-500 r/min for 4-8 hours; and the sieving mesh count is 100-200 meshes.

11. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, the density of AF45 glass in the AF45 glass paste of step (4) is 1-1.5 g/cm.sup.3; the spin-coating conditions are: the rotation rate is 100-200 rpm, and the duration time is 10-30 s; the weight of carboxymethyl cellulose is 1-2% that of AF45 glass.

12. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 2, wherein, the density of AF45 glass in the AF45 glass paste of step (4) is 1-1.5 g/cm.sup.3; the spin-coating conditions are: the rotation rate is 100-200 rpm, and the duration time is 10-30 s; the weight of carboxymethyl cellulose is 1-2% that of AF45 glass.

13. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, the conditions for uniform ball-milling of SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 in step (3) are: using absolute ethyl alcohol as the medium, and ball-milling at 400-500 r/min for 4-8 hours, wherein the weight of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2 times the total weight of SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3; the conditions for ball-milling again after adding water into the frits are: ball-milling at 400-500 r/min for 4-8 hours; the sieving mesh count is 100-200 meshes.

14. The method of preparing a sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to claim 2, wherein, the conditions for uniform ball-milling of SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 in step (3) are: using absolute ethyl alcohol as the medium, and ball-milling at 400-500 r/min for 4-8 hours, wherein the weight of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2 times the total weight of SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3; the conditions for ball-milling again after adding water into the frits are: ball-milling at 400-500 r/min for 4-8 hours; the sieving mesh count is 100-200 meshes.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sketch showing the sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage according to the examples of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(2) The present disclosure will be further described in detail in combination with the following examples and the attached drawing, but the implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to these.

(3) If no specific conditions are indicated in the examples of the present disclosure, conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer should be followed. The used raw materials, reagents and the like of which the manufacturers are not specified are conventional commercial available products.

Example 1

(4) The dielectric material in this example has a chemical formula of AF45/Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3/AF45, in which x represents the molar fraction of Ba, and x=0.20.

(5) (1) Preparation of BST powder: By means of a molten salt method, analytical pure BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 were formulated following the chemical formula of BST and mixed uniformly, into which was added NaCl (the adding amount is 5 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2), and ball-milled at a rate of 400 r/min for 4 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the adding amount is 1 time the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 100 meshes, and dried at 80° C. for 12 hours, then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined at 1000° C. for 2 hours, the resulting powder was filtered with deionized water, and dried at 80° C. for 12 hours to get pure BST (Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3) powder.

(6) (2) Preparation of BST@SiO.sub.2 powder: the Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder obtained from (1) was dissolved in ethyl alcohol (the weight of ethyl alcohol is 100 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), dispersed by ultrasonic treatment and then added with glacial acetic acid (the weight of glacial acetic acid is 4 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (the weight of PVP is 50% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), stirred and dispersed uniformly by ultrasonic treatment, then added with ethyl orthosilicate (the weight of ethyl orthosilicate is 2% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), adjusted to pH=9 with aqueous ammonia, and finally stirred gently in a 30° C. water bath stirring kettle for 12 hours. The obtained suspension was then filtered with deionized water and ethyl alcohol, and dried at 90° C. for 12 hours to get BST@SiO.sub.2 powder.

(7) Into the dried BST@SiO.sub.2 powder was added a binder PVA (the weight of PVA is 1% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) for granulation, molded at a pressure of 150 MPa, hold at 500° C. for 4 hours for discharging, and finally hold at 1100° C. for 2 hours to get ceramic blocks.

(8) (3) AF45 glass materials were prepared as below: By means of a frit method, raw materials with molar percentages of 63% SiO.sub.2-12% BaO-16% B.sub.2O.sub.3-9% Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were ball-milled at a rate of 400 r/min for 4 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the weight of absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 time the total weight of SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 100 meshes, dried at 80° C. for 12 hours, and then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined in a muffle furnace at 1400° C. for 2 hours; after quenching, the glass frits were ball-milled at 400 r/min for 4 hours, and dried at 80° C. for 16 hours to get the glass powder.

(9) (4) Into the glass powder were added deionized water and carboxymethyl cellulose (the weight of carboxymethyl cellulose is 1% that of the AF45 glass) to formulate glass paste with a density of 1 g/cm3 and stirred with a rotation rate of 100 rpm for 10 s, spin-coated on both sides of the ceramic blocks uniformly, then heat treated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 800° C. and hold for 10 min, to get the dielectric material AF45/Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3/AF45.

(10) (5) Two surfaces of the calcined samples were polished to clean and plated with gold electrodes, their ferroelectric properties were then tested at room temperature and at a frequency of 10 Hz, and the charge energy density, the discharge energy density and the energy storage efficiency were calculated according to the energy storage properties.

(11) The sandwich-structured dielectric material obtained in this example has an breakdown strength of 425 kV/cm, a charge energy density of 3.12 J/cm.sup.3, a discharge energy density of 2.79 J/cm.sup.3, and an energy storage efficiency of 87%.

(12) The diagrammatic sketch of the sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage in this example with high energy density and energy efficiency is shown in FIG. 1.

Example 2

(13) The dielectric material in this example has a chemical formula of AF45/Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3/AF45, in which x represents the molar fraction of Ba, and x=0.30.

(14) (1) Preparation of BST powder: By means of a molten salt method, analytical pure BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 were formulated following the chemical formula of BST and mixed uniformly, into which was added NaCl (the adding amount is 15 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2), and ball-milled at 500 r/min for 8 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the adding amount is 2 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 200 meshes, and dried at 100° C. for 24 hours, then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined at 1200° C. for 4 hours, the resulting powder was filtered with deionized water, and dried at 90° C. for 24 hours to get pure BST (Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3) powder.

(15) (2) Preparation of BST@SiO.sub.2 powder: the Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder obtained from (1) was dissolved in ethyl alcohol (the weight of ethyl alcohol is 200 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), dispersed by ultrasonic treatment and then added with glacial acetic acid (the weight of glacial acetic acid is 6 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (the weight of PVP is 100% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), stirred and dispersed uniformly by ultrasonic treatment, then added with ethyl orthosilicate (the weight of ethyl orthosilicate is 8% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), adjusted to pH=11 with aqueous ammonia, and finally stirred gently in a 60° C. water bath stirring kettle for 24 hours. The obtained suspension was then filtered with deionized water and ethyl alcohol, and dried at 80° C. for 12 hours to get BST@SiO.sub.2 powder.

(16) Into the dried BST@SiO.sub.2 powder was added a binder PVA (the weight of PVA is 3% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) for granulation, molded at a pressure of 200 MPa, hold at 600° C. for 8 hours for discharging, and finally hold at 1200° C. for 2 hours to get ceramic blocks.

(17) (3) AF45 glass materials were prepared as below: By means of a frit method, raw materials with molar percentages of 63% SiO.sub.2-12% BaO-16% B.sub.2O.sub.3-9% Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were ball-milled at 500 r/min for 8 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the weight of absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.5 times the total weight of SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 200 meshes, dried at 100° C. for 24 hours, and then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined in a muffle furnace at 1500° C. for 4 hours; after quenching, the glass frits were ball-milled at 500 r/min for 8 hours, and dried at 100° C. for 24 hours to get the glass powder.

(18) (4) Into the glass powder were added deionized water and carboxymethyl cellulose (the weight of carboxymethyl cellulose is 1% that of the AF45 glass) to formulate glass paste with a density of 1.5 g/cm3 and stirred with a rotation rate of 200 rpm for 30 s, spin-coated on both sides of the ceramic blocks uniformly, then heat treated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 1000° C. and hold for 30 min, to get the dielectric material AF45/Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3/AF45.

(19) (5) Two surfaces of the calcined samples were polished to clean and plated with gold electrodes, their ferroelectric properties were then tested at room temperature and at a frequency of 10 Hz, and the charge energy density, the discharge energy density and the energy storage efficiency were calculated according to the energy storage properties.

(20) The sandwich-structured dielectric material obtained in this example has an breakdown strength of 435 kV/cm, a charge energy density of 3.00 J/cm.sup.3, a discharge energy density of 2.73 J/cm.sup.3, and an energy storage efficiency of 88%.

(21) The diagrammatic sketch of the sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage in this example with high energy density and energy efficiency is shown in FIG. 1.

Example 3

(22) The dielectric material in this example has a chemical formula of AF45/Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3/AF45, in which x represents the molar fraction of Ba, and x=0.60.

(23) (1) Preparation of BST powder: By means of a molten salt method, analytical pure BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 were formulated following the chemical formula of BST and mixed uniformly, into which was added NaCl (the adding amount is 9 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2), and ball-milled at 450 r/min for 5 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the adding amount is 1.5 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 150 meshes, and dried at 85° C. for 20 hours, then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined at 1120° C. for 3 hours, the resulting powder was filtered with deionized water, and dried at 85° C. for 18 hours to get pure BST (Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3) powder.

(24) (2) Preparation of BST@SiO.sub.2 powder: the Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder obtained from (1) was dissolved in ethyl alcohol (the weight of ethyl alcohol is 150 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), dispersed by ultrasonic treatment and then added with glacial acetic acid (the weight of glacial acetic acid is 5 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (the weight of PVP is 75% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), stirred and dispersed uniformly by ultrasonic treatment, then added with ethyl orthosilicate (the weight of ethyl orthosilicate is 6% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), adjusted to pH=9.5 with aqueous ammonia, and finally stirred gently in a 45° C. water bath stirring kettle for 20 hours. The obtained suspension was then filtered with deionized water and ethyl alcohol, and dried at 100° C. for 18 hours to get BST@SiO.sub.2 powder.

(25) Into the dried BST@SiO.sub.2 powder was added a binder PVA (the weight of PVA is 1.5% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) for granulation, molded at a pressure of 150 MPa, hold at 550° C. for 6 hours for discharging, and finally hold at 1120° C. for 3 hours to get ceramic blocks.

(26) (3) AF45 glass materials were prepared as below: By means of a frit method, raw materials with molar percentages of 63% SiO.sub.2-12% BaO-16% B.sub.2O.sub.3-9% Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were ball-milled at 450 r/min for 5 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the weight of absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.5 times the total weight of SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 150 meshes, dried at 85° C. for 20 hours, and then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined in a muffle furnace at 1450° C. for 3 hours; after quenching, the glass frits were ball-milled at 450 r/min for 6 hours, and dried at 85° C. for 14 hours, ready for use.

(27) (4) Into the glass powder were added deionized water and carboxymethyl cellulose (the weight of carboxymethyl cellulose is 1% that of the AF45 glass) to formulate glass paste with a density of 1.2 g/cm3 and stirred with a rotation rate of 160 rpm for 15 s, spin-coated on both sides of the ceramic blocks uniformly, then heat treated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 920° C. and hold for 15 min, to get the dielectric material AF45/Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3/AF45.

(28) (5) Two surfaces of the calcined samples were polished to clean and plated with gold electrodes, their ferroelectric properties were then tested at room temperature and at a frequency of 10 Hz, and the charge energy density, the discharge energy density and the energy storage efficiency were calculated according to the energy storage properties.

(29) The sandwich-structured dielectric material obtained in this example has an breakdown strength of 420 kV/cm, a charge energy density of 2.78 J/cm.sup.3, a discharge energy density of 2.50 J/cm.sup.3, and an energy storage efficiency of 85%.

(30) The diagrammatic sketch of the sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage in this example with high energy density and energy efficiency is shown in FIG. 1.

Example 4

(31) The dielectric material in this example has a chemical formula of AF45/Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3/AF45, in which x represents the molar fraction of Ba, and x=0.40.

(32) (1) Preparation of BST powder: By means of a molten salt method, analytical pure BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 were formulated following the chemical formula of BST and mixed uniformly, into which was added NaCl (the adding amount is 10 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2), and ball-milled at 500 r/min for 5 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the adding amount is 1.6 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 180 meshes, and dried at 80° C. for 24 hours, then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined at 1050° C. for 2.5 hours, the resulting powder was filtered with deionized water, and dried at 95° C. for 20 hours to get pure BST (Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3) powder.

(33) (2) Preparation of BST@SiO.sub.2 powder: the Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder obtained from (1) was dissolved in ethyl alcohol (the weight of ethyl alcohol is 150 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), dispersed by ultrasonic treatment and then added with glacial acetic acid (the weight of glacial acetic acid is 5 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (the weight of PVP is 60% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), stirred and dispersed uniformly by ultrasonic treatment, then added with ethyl orthosilicate (the weight of ethyl orthosilicate is 4% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), adjusted to pH=10 with aqueous ammonia, and finally stirred gently in a 45° C. water bath stirring kettle for 18 hours. The obtained suspension was then filtered with deionized water and ethyl alcohol, and dried at 95° C. for 17 hours to get BST@SiO.sub.2 powder.

(34) Into the dried BST@SiO.sub.2 powder was added a binder PVA (the weight of PVA is 2.5% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) for granulation, molded at a pressure of 200 MPa, hold at 600° C. for 5 hours for discharging, and finally calcined and hold at 1150° C. for 3 hours to get ceramic blocks.

(35) (3) AF45 glass materials were prepared as below: By means of a frit method, raw materials with molar percentages of 63% SiO.sub.2-12% BaO-16% B.sub.2O.sub.3-9% Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were ball-milled at 500 r/min for 5 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the weight of absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.4 times the total weight of SiO.sub.2, BaCO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 180 meshes, dried at 80° C. for 24 hours, and then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined in a muffle furnace at 1480° C. for 2.5 hours; after quenching, the glass frits were ball-milled at 450 r/min for 6 hours, and dried at 95° C. for 20 hours, ready for use.

(36) (4) Into the glass powder were added deionized water and carboxymethyl cellulose (the weight of carboxymethyl cellulose is 1% that of the AF45 glass) to formulate glass paste with a density of 1.2 g/cm3 and stirred with a rotation rate of 180 rpm for 20 s, spin-coated on both sides of the ceramic blocks uniformly, then heat treated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 900° C. and hold for 15 min, to get the dielectric material AF45/Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3/AF45.

(37) (5) Two surfaces of the calcined samples were polished to clean and plated with gold electrodes, their ferroelectric properties were then tested at room temperature and at a frequency of 10 Hz, and the charge energy density, the discharge energy density and the energy storage efficiency were calculated according to the energy storage properties.

(38) The sandwich-structured dielectric material obtained in this example has an breakdown strength of 450 kV/cm, a charge energy density of 3.21 J/cm.sup.3, a discharge energy density of 2.83 J/cm.sup.3, and an energy storage efficiency of 89%.

(39) The diagrammatic sketch of the sandwich-structured dielectric material for pulse energy storage in this example with high energy density and energy efficiency is shown in FIG. 1.

Comparative Example 1

(40) The dielectric material in this comparative example has a chemical formula of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3, in which x represents the molar fraction of Ba, and x=0.4.

(41) (1) Preparation of BST powder: By means of a molten salt method, analytical pure BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 were formulated following the chemical formula of BST and mixed uniformly, into which was added NaCl (the adding amount is 10 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2), and ball-milled at 500 r/min for 5 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the adding amount is 1.6 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 180 meshes, and dried at 80° C. for 24 hours, then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined at 1050° C. for 2.5 hours, the resulting powder was filtered with deionized water, and dried at 95° C. for 20 hours to get pure BST (Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3) powder.

(42) (2) Preparation of BST@SiO.sub.2 powder: the Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder obtained from (1) was dissolved in ethyl alcohol (the weight of ethyl alcohol is 150 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), dispersed by ultrasonic treatment and then added with glacial acetic acid (the weight of glacial acetic acid is 5 times that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (the weight of PVP is 60% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), stirred and dispersed uniformly by ultrasonic treatment, then added with ethyl orthosilicate (the weight of ethyl orthosilicate is 4% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder), adjusted to pH=10 with aqueous ammonia, and finally stirred gently in a 45° C. water bath stirring kettle for 18 hours. The obtained suspension was then filtered with deionized water and ethyl alcohol, and dried at 95° C. for 17 hours to get BST@SiO.sub.2 powder.

(43) Into the dried BST@SiO.sub.2 powder was added a binder PVA (the weight of PVA is 2.5% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) for granulation, molded at a pressure of 200 MPa, hold at 600° C. for 5 hours for discharging, and finally hold at 1150° C. for 3 hours to get ceramic blocks.

(44) (3) Two surfaces of the calcined samples were polished to clean and plated with gold electrodes, their ferroelectric properties were then tested at room temperature and at a frequency of 10 Hz, and the charge energy density, the discharge energy density and the energy storage efficiency were calculated according to the energy storage properties.

(45) The sandwich-structured dielectric material obtained in this example has an breakdown strength of 320 kV/cm, a charge energy density of 2.10 J/cm.sup.3, a discharge energy density of 2.32 J/cm.sup.3, and an energy storage efficiency of 81%.

Comparative Example 2

(46) The dielectric material in this comparative example has a chemical formula of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3, in which x represents the molar fraction of Ba, and x=0.4.

(47) (1) Preparation of BST powder: By means of a molten salt method, analytical pure BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 were formulated following the chemical formula of BST and mixed uniformly, into which was added NaCl (the adding amount is 10 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2), and ball-milled at 500 r/min for 5 hours with absolute ethyl alcohol (the adding amount is 1.6 times the total weight of BaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2) as the medium, and the paste was sieved over 180 meshes, and dried at 80° C. for 24 hours, then placed in a corundum crucible and calcined at 1050° C. for 2.5 hours, the resulting powder was filtered with deionized water, and dried at 95° C. for 20 hours to get pure BST (Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3) powder.

(48) (2) Into the dried BST powder was added a binder PVA (the weight of PVA is 2.5% that of Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xTiO.sub.3 powder) for granulation, molded at a pressure of 200 MPa, hold at 600° C. for 5 hours for discharging, and finally hold at 1150° C. for 3 hours to get ceramic blocks.

(49) (3) Two surfaces of the calcined samples were polished to clean and plated with gold electrodes, their ferroelectric properties were then tested at room temperature and at a frequency of 10 Hz, and the charge energy density, the discharge energy density and the energy storage efficiency were calculated according to the energy storage properties.

(50) The sandwich-structured dielectric material obtained in this example has an breakdown strength of 280 kV/cm, a charge energy density of 1.79 J/cm.sup.3, a discharge energy density of 1.65 J/cm.sup.3, and an energy storage efficiency of 85%.

(51) The above examples are preferable implementation of the present disclosure, but the implementation of the present disclosure is not restricted to the above examples. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications without deviating from the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be equivalent replacements and all covered within the protection scope of the present disclosure.