GLAZING COMPRISING A FUNCTIONAL COATING AND A COLOR ADJUSTMENT COATING

Abstract

A material includes one or more transparent substrates comprising two main faces, wherein one of the faces of one of the substrates is coated with a functional coating which can have an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation, and a face not coated with the functional coating of one of the substrates includes a reflective color-adjustment coating comprising at least one dielectric layer including a reflective dielectric layer with a thickness of between 2 and 100 nm, all the dielectric layers of the reflective color-adjustment coating have a thickness of less than 100 nm.

Claims

1. A material comprising one or more transparent substrates comprising two main faces, wherein: one of the two main faces of one of the transparent substrates is coated with a functional coating comprising at least one silver-based metallic functional layer which can have an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation, and a face not coated with the functional coating of one of the transparent substrates comprises a reflective color-adjustment coating comprising at least one dielectric layer including a reflective dielectric layer with a thickness of between 2 and 100 nm, all the dielectric layers of the reflective color-adjustment coating have a thickness of less than 100 nm.

2. The material as claimed in claim 1, comprising a transparent substrate comprising two main faces, wherein: one of the two main faces of the transparent substrate is coated with a functional coating which can have an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation, the other face of the transparent substrate is coated with a reflective color-adjustment coating comprising at least one dielectric layer including a reflective dielectric layer with a thickness of between 2 and 100 nm, all the dielectric layers of the reflective color-adjustment coating have a thickness of less than 100 nm.

3. The material as claimed in claim 1, comprising: a transparent substrate comprising two main faces, of which one of the faces of the substrate is coated with a functional coating which can have an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation, and an additional substrate comprising at least two main faces, wherein: at least one face not coated with the functional coating of one of the substrates comprises a reflective color-adjustment coating comprising at least one dielectric layer including a reflective dielectric layer with a thickness of between 2 and 100 nm, all the dielectric layers of a reflective color-adjustment coating have a thickness of less than 100 nm, said face is chosen from: the other uncoated face of the substrate coated with a functional coating, one of the faces of an additional substrate.

4. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a variation in light reflection due to the presence of the reflective dielectric layer or of a reflective color-adjustment coating corresponding to the variation in light reflection measured: on an ordinary clear glass substrate of 4 to 6 mm thick on which is deposited only the reflective layer or this reflective coating, on the layer side or coating side and on an ordinary clear glass substrate of 4 to 6 mm thick. is greater than 10%.

5. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a light reflection due to the reflective layer or the reflective color-adjustment coating measured by depositing only the reflective layer or the reflective color-adjustment coating on ordinary clear glass 4 mm to 6 mm thick, measured on the coating side, is greater than 15%.

6. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflective layer of the reflective color-adjustment coating is a dielectric layer with a refractive index having a difference in refractive index of greater than 0.7 with: at least one of the dielectric layers of the color-adjustment coating or the substrate on which the color-adjustment coating is deposited.

7. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflective layer of the reflective color-adjustment coating is a dielectric layer, the refractive index of which is greater than or equal to 2.10.

8. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflective color-adjustment coating comprises at least one dielectric layer chosen from: the layers of oxide of one or more elements chosen from titanium, silicon, zirconium, iron, chromium, cobalt, manganese, tungsten, niobium, bismuth, the layers of nitride of one or more elements chosen from silicon, zirconium and aluminum.

9. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflective color-adjustment coating comprises at least one dielectric layer chosen from a layer of silicon oxide (SiO.sub.2), a layer of titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2), a layer of zirconium oxide (ZrO.sub.2), a layer of titanium zirconium oxide (TiZrOx), a layer of iron chromium oxide (FeCrOx), a layer of iron chromium cobalt oxide (FeCrCoOx), a layer of silicon nitride (Si.sub.3N.sub.4), a layer of aluminum nitride (AlN), a layer of silicon and/or aluminum nitride, a layer of silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), a layer of manganese oxide (MnO), a layer of tungsten oxide (WO3), a layer of niobium oxide (Nb.sub.2O.sub.5), a layer of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), a layer of zirconium nitride (Zr.sub.3N.sub.4).

10. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a thickness of the reflective color-adjustment coating is between 10 and 200 nm.

11. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein all the layers of the reflective color-adjustment coating are deposited by magnetic sputtering.

12. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a variation between the light reflection measured on each of the sides of the material is greater than or equal to 5%.

13. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the functional coating comprises at least two silver-based metallic functional layers.

14. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the functional coating comprises at least three silver-based metallic functional layers.

15. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of glass or of a polymeric organic substance.

16. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflective color-adjustment coating is positioned on face 1 and the functional coating is positioned on face 2.

17. A glazing comprising a material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glazing is in the form of monolithic, laminated and/or multiple glazing.

18. The glazing as claimed in claim 17, wherein the glazing is a multiple glazing, the glazing comprising a material and at least one additional substrate, the material and the additional substrate are separated by at least one intermediate gas-filled space.

19. The glazing as claimed in claim 17, wherein the glazing is a laminated glazing, the glazing comprising a material and at least one additional substrate, the material and the additional substrate are separated by at least one lamination interlayer.

20. The glazing as claimed in claim 17, wherein the glazing is a multiple and laminated glazing, the glazing comprising a material and at least two additional substrates corresponding to a second substrate and a third substrate, the material and the third substrate are separated by at least one intermediate gas-filled space, and the material and the second substrate or the second substrate and the third substrate, are separated by at least one lamination interlayer.

21. The multiple and/or laminated glazing as claimed in claim 17, wherein the reflective color-adjustment coating is positioned on face 1 and the functional coating which can have an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation is positioned on face 2 or 3.

22. The glazing as claimed in claim 17, wherein the glazing has: a selectivity greater than 1.7, and/or a reflection on the external side of greater than 26%.

23. The glazing as claimed in claim 17, wherein the glazing has a variation in light reflection of greater than or equal to 5%.

Description

EXAMPLES

I. Nature of the Layers and Coatings

[0305] Functional coatings defined below are deposited on substrates made of clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 4 mm.

[0306] Functional metallic layers (FL) are layers of silver (Ag). The blocking layers are metallic layers made of alloy of nickel and of chromium (NiCr). Dielectric coatings of the functional coatings comprise barrier layers and stabilizing layers. The barrier layers are based on silicon nitride, doped with aluminum (Si.sub.3N.sub.4:Al) or based on mixed zinc tin oxide (SnZnO.sub.x). The stabilizing layers are made of zinc oxide (ZnO). The protective layers are made of titanium oxide (TiOx).

[0307] The dielectric layers of the reflective color-adjustment coatings tested comprise: [0308] layers of titanium oxide, [0309] layers of silicon oxide, [0310] layers of silicon nitride.

[0311] The conditions for deposition of the layers, which were deposited by sputtering (“magnetron cathode” sputtering), are summarized in table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 Deposition Tab. 1 Target employed pressure Gas Si.sub.3N.sub.4 Si:Al at 92:8% 3.2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar  55% Ar/(Ar + N.sub.2) by weight SiZrN Si:Zr 3.2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar  55% Ar/(Ar + N.sub.2) ZnO Zn:Al at 98:2% 1.8 × 10.sup.−3 mbar  63% Ar/(Ar + O.sub.2) by weight SnZnOx Sn:Zn (60:40% 1.5 × 10.sup.−3 mbar  39% Ar/(Ar + O.sub.2) by wt) TiO2 Ti 2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar  94% NiCr Ni (80 at. %):Cr 2-3 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 100% Ar (20 at. %) Ag Ag 3 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 100% Ar SiO2 Si 2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar  48% Ar NbN Nb 2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar  60% Ar SnZnN Sn:Zn (60:40% 1.5 × 10.sup.−3 mbar N2/(Ar + N2): by wt) 10%-80% At. = atomic

II. Reflective Color-Adjustment Coatings

[0312] Table 2 below summarizes the characteristics linked to the thicknesses of the dielectric layers constituting the reflective color-adjustment coatings. The thicknesses of the dielectric layers are physical thicknesses.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 AR1 AR2 AR3 — TiO.sub.2: 2 nm — — SiO.sub.2: 13 nm — TiO.sub.2: 30 nm TiO.sub.2: 28 nm TiO.sub.2: 17 nm — Si.sub.3N.sub.4: 30 nm Si.sub.3N.sub.4: 30 nm Substrate Substrate Substrate

III. Functional Coatings

[0313] Table 3 lists the materials and the physical thicknesses in nanometers (unless otherwise indicated) of each layer or coating which forms the coatings as a function of their position with regard to the substrate bearing the stack (final line at the bottom of the table).

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 FC1 FC2 FC3 FC4 DC: M4 — — — — TiO2 1.5 2 2 1.4 Si.sub.3N.sub.4 25 7 23 — SiZrN 0 13 0 — ZnO 6 7 8 — BL: NiCr 1 0.9 2 — FL: Ag3 19 17.5 17 — BL: NiCr 0 0 0 — DC: M3 — — — — ZnO 8 9 9 — SnZnO 8 8.5 8 — Si.sub.3N.sub.4 60 57 57 25 ZnO 5.5 7 9 7 BL: NiCr 1 0.9 0.9 1.4 FL: Ag2 13.5 12.4 14 10.2 BL: NiCr 0 0 1.5 2.2 DC: M2 — — — — ZnO 6 7 7 8.4 Si.sub.3N.sub.4 58.5 60 48 50 ZnO 7.1 6.6 7 8 BL: NiCr 0.9 1 0.9 1.7 FL: Ag1 9 8.2 7.7 8.8 BL: NiCr 0.9 0.9 1.7 3.4 DC: M1 — — — — ZnO 7 5.5 7 7 SnZnO 0 8.5 0 — SiZrN 0 18 0 — Si.sub.3N.sub.4 35 13 46 26 Substrate (mm) 6 6 6 6 DC: Dielectric coating; BL: Blocking layer; FL: Functional layer.

IV. Configuration of the Double Glazings and Laminated Glazings

[0314] The materials comprising a transparent substrate, one of the faces of the substrate of which is coated with a functional coating, were assembled in the form of double glazing or in the form of laminated glazing.

[0315] The double glazings, hereafter “DGU” configuration, have a 6/16/4 structure: 6 mm glass/16 mm interlayer space filled with 90% argon and 10% air/4 mm glass, the functional covering being positioned on face 2. The reflective color-adjustment coating of the invention when it is present is positioned on face 1.

[0316] The laminated glazings, hereinafter “Lam” configuration, have a structure of first substrate/sheet (s)/second substrate type. The functional coating is positioned on face 2 and the reflective color-adjustment coating is positioned on face 1.

V. “Solar Control” and Colorimetry Performance

[0317] Table 4 below lists the main optical characteristics of materials in the form of multiple glazing comprising a transparent substrate, one of the faces of which is optionally coated with a functional coating and the other face of the substrate is optionally coated with a reflective color-adjustment coating.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 AR Position FC Rext- Material Conf. Position Nature Position Nature LT a*T b*T Rint a*Rint b*Rint Rext a*ext b*ext g s Rint Ref. 0 DGU — — — — 82 −1.6 0.4 14.9 −0.8 −0.5 14.8 −0.9 −0.5 78 1.1 0 Ref. 1 DGU Face 1 AR1 — — 62 −1.2 5.7 33 −3.2 −6.9 35 −1.5 −7.6 63 1.0 2 Ref. 2 DGU Face 1 AR2 — — 62 −0.8 2.3 33 −3.4 −1.2 35 −2.2 −2.2 62 1.0 2 Ref. 3 DGU Face 1 AR3 — — 66 −1.1 3.9 29.5 −2.5 −5.9 31 −1.3 −6.2 65.7 1.0 1.5 Ref. 4 DGU — — Face 2 FC1 62 −5 1.1 17 −5.2 −9.1 13 −2.7 −9.8 29 2.1 −4 Ref. 5 DGU — — Face 2 FC2 69 −3.9 1.0 13 −1.4 −1.8 12 −3.3 −5.2 35 2.0 −1 Ref. 6 DGU — — Face 2 FC3 47 −8.5 1.0 18 −11 −10 16 −5 −9 21 2.2 −2 Ref. 7 DGU — — Face 2 FC4 42 −7 −2 15 −10 −3 20 −3.5 −5 23 1.8 5 Ref. 8 Lam. Face 2 AR1 — — 73 −1.8 5.1 22 −2.9 −5.9 22 −2.4 −7.0 68 1.1 0 Ref. 9 Lam. Face 2 AR2 — — 76 −2.2 3.4 20 −2.5 −2.9 20 −2.6 −3.9 68 1.1 0 Inv. D1 DGU Face 1 AR2 Face 2 FC1 46 −5 4.4 27 −7.5 −4.3 35 −2.9 −4.8 22 2.1 8 Inv. D2 DGU Face 1 AR2 Face 2 FC2 53 −3.1 2.5 26 −6.5 −1.6 33 −2.6 −3.7 25 2.1 7 Inv. D3 DGU Face 1 AR1 Face 2 FC2 53 −3.4 5.7 26 −6.3 −6.2 33 −2.2 −9.6 24 2.2 7 Inv. D4 DGU Face 1 AR3 Face 2 FC1 49 −4.3 3.7 25 −6.8 −10 30 −2.3 −9.6 23.3 2.1 5 Inv. D5 DGU Face 1 AR3 Face 2 FC2 55 −3.4 3.5 23 −4 −5.8 29 −2.3 −8.3 28 2.0 6 Inv. D6 DGU Face 1 AR1 Face 2 FC3 36 −8 4.6 24 −12.4 −10.5 35 −3.2 −9.8 16 2.3 9 Inv. D7 DGU Face 1 AR2 Face 2 FC3 36 −7.6 2 24 −12.6 −8.4 35 −3.4 −4.8 16 2.3 9 Inv. D8 DGU Face 1 AR1 Face 2 FC4 32 −6.5 1.8 20 −11.1 −6 38 −2.7 −8 18 1.8 18 Inv. D9 DGU Face 1 AR2 Face 2 FC4 32 −6.2 −0.6 20 −11.4 −3.7 38 −2.9 −3.4 18 1.8 18 Inv. Lam. Face 1 AR1 Face 2 FC1 44 −5.1 12.9 29 −10.4 −8.9 35 −4.1 −11.9 24 1.8 6 D10 Inv. Lam. Face 1 AR2 Face 2 FC1 44 −5.0 10.4 29 −10 −6.9 35 −4.2 −7.3 25 1.8 6 D11 AR: Reflective color-adjustment coating; FC: functional coating.

VI. Conclusion

[0318] a. Obtaining a High Reflection on the External Side

[0319] The solution of the invention makes it possible to obtain high values of external reflection, in particular all the values are greater than or equal to 29% whereas the functional coatings used alone, that is to say without a reflective color-adjustment coating, did not make it possible to obtain such values. As proof, it is possible to compare: [0320] Ref. 4 with an external reflection of 13% and Inv. D1 and D4 with an external reflection of 35% and 30% respectively, [0321] Ref. 5 with an external reflection of 12% and Inv. D2, D3 and D5 with an external reflection of 33%, 33% and 29% respectively, [0322] Ref. 6 with an external reflection of 16% and Inv. D6 and D7 with an external reflection of 35% respectively, [0323] Ref. 7 with an external reflection of 20% and Inv. D8 and D9 with an external reflection of 38% respectively.
b. Obtaining Neutral or Blue Colors in External Reflection

[0324] The solution of the invention also makes it possible to retain neutral or blue colors in external reflection which are expressed by values of b* in external reflection that are negative and close to 0. As proof, for the examples Inv. D1 to Inv. D9, all the values of b* in external reflection are between 0 and −10. For examples D1, D2, D7 and D9, the values of b* in external reflection are between 0 and −5 whereas such values are not obtained when the functional coatings are used alone, that is to say without a reflective color-adjustment coating. Indeed, for refs. 4 to 7, the values of b* in external reflection are between −5 and −10.

[0325] The combination of obtaining a high reflection on the external side, in particular a light reflection LR greater than 26% and a neutral or silvery appearance with b* values in external reflection that are negative and close to 0 makes it possible to impart the desired shiny silver appearance.

c. Obtaining a Variation (Rext-Rint) Greater than or Equal to 5%

[0326] Another advantage of the invention is that the light reflection is mainly increased on the external reflection side and not in internal reflection. This is expressed in particular by a variation (Rext-Rint) greater than or equal to 5%. Although a high external light reflection is desirable, it is preferable for the internal reflection to remain as low as possible in order to favor vision through the glazing.

[0327] It is observed among the reference materials that only Ref. 7 has this characteristic with a variation (Rext-Rint) of 5%.

[0328] The reflective color-adjustment coatings used alone, i.e. without a functional coating, do not make it possible to obtain this asymmetry. Indeed, refs. 1, 2 and 3 all have a variation (Rext-Rint) of less than or equal to 2.

[0329] The functional coatings used alone, i.e. without color-adjustment coatings, in three 3 out of 4 cases, have an opposite asymmetry with internal reflection values greater than the external reflection values (Rint >Rext) for refs. 4, 5 and 6.

[0330] All the examples according to the invention make it possible to obtain a variation (Rext-Rint) of greater than or equal to 5%.

d. Existence of a Synergy

[0331] Inv. D1 comprises an adjustment coating AC2 and a functional coating FC1. In this example, the coatings used in Ref. 2 and Ref. 4 are combined. However, Ref. 2 and Ref. 4 respectively have a variation (Rext-Rint) of 2% and −4% whilst inv. D1 has a variation (Rext-Rint) of 8%.

[0332] The substantial gain observed clearly demonstrates the existence of a synergy linked to the combined use of the two coatings according to the invention.

[0333] This gain is even more marked when a functional coating of FC4 type is combined, which has a variation (Rext-Rint) of 5% on its own. By combining this functional coating with a reflective color-adjustment coating according to the invention, variations (Rext-Rint) that may range up 18% (Inv. 8 and Inv. 9) are obtained.

e. Laminated Glazing

[0334] Ref. 8 and Ref. 9 and the examples according to the invention 10 and 11 are examples of material in the form of laminated glazing. Refs. 8 and 9 show that when the color-adjustment coatings are located in contact with a PVB-type polymeric lamination interlayer, the external reflection is reduced. Indeed, external reflections of 22% and 20% are observed.

[0335] Inv. D10 and D11, in the form of laminated glazing, comprising a color-adjustment coating on face 1 and a functional coating on face 2 do indeed exhibit the advantageous characteristic of the invention, namely, external reflection values of greater than 30% and a variation (Rext-Rint) of greater than or equal to 5%.