Arrangement of a sensor which has a sensor-active surface on an exterior attachment part of a vehicle

Abstract

An arrangement for a sensor having a sensor-active surface on or behind an exterior attachment part of a vehicle includes a sensor guide. The sensor guide includes a traction element made of a shape-memory alloy and a restoring element. The traction element moves the sensor in the direction of the vehicle interior between an active position and a protected position in response to a detected impending collision in the low-speed range or a detected collision in the low-speed range. The restoring element moves the sensor back to the active position from the protected position.

Claims

1. An arrangement for a sensor having a sensor-active surface on or behind an exterior attachment part of a vehicle, comprising: a sensor guide including a traction element that comprises a shape-memory alloy and a restoring element, wherein the traction element is configured to move the sensor in a direction of a vehicle interior between an active position and a protected position in response to a detected impending collision or a detected collision, and wherein the restoring element is configured to move the sensor back to the active position from the protected position.

2. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the traction element further comprises a traction spring.

3. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the restoring element comprises a traction spring.

4. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the traction element is configured to contract in response to receiving an application of electrical voltage, and as the traction element contracts, the traction element is configured to move the sensor from the active position to the protected position.

5. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the sensor guide comprises a rail system.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of the arrangement according to a first embodiment of the invention, and

(3) FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the arrangement according to FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(4) The exemplary embodiment of the arrangement 1 with a sensor 2 according to an embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is described by way of example on a front-side bumper as an external attachment 10 of a vehicle. This exterior attachment 10 has a vehicle outer skin 10.1, which can also be realized as a radiator grille or as a bumper cover. The sensor 2 is designed, for example, as a radar sensor or as a laser scanner.

(5) According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the sensor 2 is arranged on a bumper cross member 11 by means of a sensor guide 3 designed as a rail system 3.1 and is displaceable between an active position I shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and a protected position II indicated in FIG. 1. In the active position I, the sensor 2 performs its operational function, while the guard position II represents a position in which the sensor 2 is not damaged in collisions in the low-speed range.

(6) Between the bumper cross member 11 and the vehicle outer skin 10.1, a pedestrian protection deformation element 12 is arranged.

(7) In the active position I, the front end of the sensor 2 projects with its active sensor surface 2.1 into a sensor opening 10.2, thereby closing flush with the vehicle outer skin 10.1. For tolerance reasons and due to the displaceability of the sensor 2, an air gap between the sensor 2 and the sensor opening 10.2 is present.

(8) Alternatively to the surface flushing of the active sensor surface 2.1 of the sensor 2 with the sensor opening 10.2, the sensor 2 can also be located behind a vehicle outer skin 10.1 (with or without distance therefrom and with or without a sensor opening 10.2) or can be brought forward or shifted back in relation to a larger sensor opening in the vehicle outer skin.

(9) With the rail guide 3.1 as a sensor guide 3, not only the displaceability of the sensor 2 but also the mounting thereof is realized.

(10) The rail guide 3.1 includes two round rails 3.10 which are parallel to the vehicle longitudinal direction (x-direction), wherein said round rails are arranged between end plates 3.12 arranged with an end face on a support plate 3.11. On these two round rails 3.10, a sliding carriage 3.13 is arranged with a support plate 3.14, on which the sensor 2 is mounted. On the opposite side to the sensor 2 of the support plate 3.14, two guide elements 3.15 protrude to the vehicle longitudinal direction (x-direction), each having guide holes 3.16 for receiving the round rails 3.10. By means of these guide holes 3.16 of the two guide elements 3.15, the carriage 3.13, and thus the sensor 2, is displaceable along the round rails 3.10 in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x-direction).

(11) Furthermore, the rail guide 3.1 has a traction means 4, which as a sensor guide 3 is made of a shape-memory alloy in the form of a traction spring 4.1. The rail guide 3.1 has a restoring means 5 also in the form of a traction spring 5.1. On one of the two round rails 3.10 of the slide guide 3.1, these two traction springs 4.1 and 5.1 can be arranged. However, it is also possible to arrange, respectively, a traction spring 4.1 and a traction spring 5.1 on both round rails 3.10, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

(12) According to FIGS. 1 and 2, a traction spring 4.1 is made of a shape-memory alloy and arranged on each of the two round rails 3.10. Traction spring 4.1 is connected on the one hand with the rear end plate seen in the direction of travel F 3.12 and on the other hand with the back guide element 3.15 of the carriage 3.13 viewed in the direction of travel F. A traction spring 5.1 is also arranged in each case on the two round rails 3.10. Traction spring 5.1 is connected on the one hand with the front end plate seen in the direction of travel 3.12 and on the other hand with the front guide member 3.15 of the carriage 3.13 seen in the direction of travel.

(13) Shape-memory alloys as active materials are special metallic materials that have a lower temperature martensite phase or a higher temperature austenite phase with a different crystal structure. Such shape-memory alloys can be used as mechanical actuators in the form of a wire or a spring. Deformed martensitic shape-memory alloys, when heated and converted to austenite, can return to their original undeformed shape and are able to exert a significant force.

(14) When shortening the length of the spring made of a shape-memory alloy by means of an increase in temperature, said spring acts as a traction spring. The traction springs 4.1 used as traction means 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 each represent such a traction spring made of a shape-memory alloy.

(15) In the active position I of the sensor 2 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the traction springs 4.1 are in the martensite phase thereof, and the traction springs 5.1, which are designed as the usual passive element, as restoring means 5, are in their rest position, in which no traction force is generated.

(16) When energizing the traction springs 4.1 by applying a voltage generated by a voltage source, for example an electrical system of the vehicle, to the ends of the traction springs 4.1, said springs are heated, thereby shortening said traction springs by generating a traction force acting on the carriage 3.13, whereby the carriage 3.13, and thus the sensor 2, is moved by a distance A to the protected position II according to FIG. 1 (see FIG. 1). At the same time, the traction spring 5.1 functioning as a restoring means 5 is stretched to generate a restoring force. The protected position II represents a position of the sensor 2 in which said sensor is not damaged in a weak collision, that is, in collisions in the low-speed range.

(17) After the end of the energization of the traction spring 4.1, said traction spring cools down and returns to the original shape thereof, i.e. expands to the original length thereof. At the same time the restoring force generated by the traction spring 5.1 acts on the carriage 3.13, in that said carriage is retracted together with the sensor 2 in the active position I thereof.

(18) In order to ensure a defined position of the carriage 3.13 in the active position I of the sensor 2, the carriage 3.13 is fixed laterally with a clip element or a locking ball. This fixation is achieved with the displacement due to the tensile force generated by the energized traction spring 4.1. With the retraction of the carriage 3.13 together with the sensor 2 in its active position II by means of the restoring force of the restoring means 5 designed as a return spring 5.1, the carriage 3.13 reengages into the defined position by means of the clip element or the locking ball.

(19) In the case of an imminent collision load case detected by a suitable sensor in the low-speed range and/or in a currently detected collision load case in the low-speed range, the traction spring 4.1 is energized and thereby shortened while the sensor is displaced into its protected position II. This prevents damage in the event of such a weak impending collision of the sensor 2.

(20) After the weak collision and after the end of the energization of the traction spring 4.1, the sensor 2 is retracted again into its active position I by means of the restoring means 5 designed as a return spring 5.1, wherein in said active position the sensor can perform its operational function again.

(21) Such a weak impending collision occurs, for example, during a parking operation.

(22) If ultrasonic sensors, as parking sensors, detect a critical distance of, for example, less than 0.5 m to an object in the immediate vicinity during a parking operation, the traction spring 4.1 is energized and thus the sensor 2 is moved into its protected position II, in order to thereby prevent damaging the sensor 2 designed, for example, as a radar sensor or as a laser scanner. With the completion of the parking process, the energization of the tension element 4.1 ends, so that then the sensor is moved back into its active position I by means of the restoring element 5 designed as a traction spring 5.1.

(23) Another realization of the protection of the sensor 2 by means of the arrangement 1 is that the traction spring 4.1 is already energized at the beginning of a parking operation. As a precautionary measure, damage to the sensor 2 is prevented even in the event of a possibly occurring rear-end collision in the low-speed range. With the end of the parking process, the energization of the traction spring 4.1 also ends and thus the sensor 2 is returned to its active position I by means of the traction means 5 designed as a traction spring 5.1.

(24) Since the carriage 3.13 having the sensor 2 is returned to the active position I, due to the increase of length caused by the cooling of the traction spring 4.1 and due to the restoring force of the restoring means 5 designed as a traction spring 5.1, the traction spring 4.1 must be energized in a certain interval of a few seconds. The time interval of the energization on the one hand depends on the temporal cooling behavior of the traction spring 4.1, i.e. it slowly expands again, and on the other hand on the spring characteristic, i.e. the spring force of the traction spring 5.1. A further parameter to be taken into account with regard to the energization duration of the traction spring 4.1 is the duration of a parking operation. The carriage 3.13 must remain in the protected position II together with the sensor 2 until the parking process is completed and the engine of the vehicle is turned off.

(25) The exemplary embodiment described above having the arrangement 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 represents an active protection principle for the sensor 2 by means of the traction spring 4.1 produced by a shape-memory material in that the displacement of the sensor 2 is actively effected by the energization of the traction spring 4.1.

(26) The arrangement according to FIGS. 1 and 2 can also be used for a passive protection of the sensor 2, in that, when the ignition of the vehicle is switched off, in which no energizing of the traction spring 4.1 is possible, said traction spring is used as a passive compression spring.

(27) In a weak collision of the vehicle with another vehicle, a person or an object in the direction of the vehicle interior, i.e. in the vehicle longitudinal direction against the direction F, a force F acts directly on the active sensor surface 2.1 of the sensor 2, whereby the sensor 2 is moved directly from its active position I in the direction of the protected position II according to FIG. 1. The traction spring 4.1 acts in this case as a passive compression spring and is compressed due to the external force F to produce a restoring force. Due to the elastic property of the vehicle outer skin 10.1, said skin returns back to the original shape thereof after the end of the load by the force. At the same time, the sensor 2 is moved back in the direction of the active position I due to the restoring force of the traction spring 4.1 and of the traction spring 5.1, said restoring force being generated by the shift from the active position I, until the carriage 3.13 locks again in its defined position. Thus, the sensor 2 has regained its original active position I and is ready for operation after the collision.

(28) In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the traction means 4 consisting of a shape-memory alloy is formed as a traction spring 4.1. Instead of the traction spring 4.1, the traction means 5 can also be designed as a spring clip, sheet metal or wire, wherein such elements can be connected in parallel or in series to ensure a large travel.

(29) The use of a traction device 4 made of a shape-memory alloy leads to the following advantages: transmission of large forces, ensuring the function over several million cycles, large specific work capacities compared to other actuator principles, small space, high damping capacity, noiseless, low probability of default, and cost-effective realization.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

(30) 1 arrangement 2 sensor 2.1 sensor-active surface of the sensor 2 3 sensor guide 3.1 rail system 3.10 round rail of the rail system 3.1 3.11 carrier plate of the rail system 3.1 3.12 end plate of the rail system 3.1 3.13 carriage of the financial system 3.1 3.14 support plate of the carriage 3.13 3.15 guide element of the carriage 3.13 3.16 guide openings of the guide element 3.15 4 traction means made of a shape-memory alloy 4.1 traction spring 5 restoring means 5.1 traction spring 10 exterior attachment part of a vehicle 10.1 vehicle outer skin 10.2 sensor opening 11 bumper crossmember 12 pedestrian protection deformation element