BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT METHOD AND APPARATUS

Abstract

A method to determine a real-time blood pressure reference value according to the blood pressure fluctuation factor can determine a blood pressure state by the ratio of the blood pressure measurement value to the blood pressure reference value, and to display the blood pressure reference value, the blood pressure measurement value and the description information of the blood pressure state by the output device. The system, applying the method, includes a mobile terminal and a medical health monitoring system. The application program of the method is downloaded and installed through network connection and APP store or I/O device, so as to describe the user's blood pressure status based on the real-time blood pressure reference value, and report the blood pressure status information and medical advice to the user via network connection.

Claims

1. A blood pressure measurement method comprising: obtaining blood pressure fluctuation factor parameter information of a user; searching a corresponding blood pressure fluctuation value database according to the blood pressure fluctuation factor parameter; determine a real-time blood pressure reference value; obtaining blood pressure and heart rate measurements; comparing a real-time heart rate with an average heart rate, and removing outlier blood pressure measurements; comparing blood pressure measurements with real-time blood pressure reference values to generate a blood pressure status; and outputting the blood pressure status.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the blood pressure fluctuation factor parameter comprises at least one of gender, age, measurement date, and measurement time.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: based on the blood pressure fluctuation factor parameter, searching the corresponding blood pressure fluctuation value database, and obtaining blood pressure fluctuation values BP.sub.age, BP.sub.hour and BP.sub.date; wherein the real-time blood pressure reference value is determined by BP.sub.ref=BP.sub.ideal+BP.sub.age+BP.sub.hour+BP.sub.date.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Averaging heart rate value HR.sub.average=(HR.sub.1+HR.sub.2+ . . . +HR.sub.n)/n, 1n10; when n>10, updating a heart rate measurement database is periodically; when the real-time heart rate/average heart rate=HR/HR.sub.average=HR.sub.ratio110%, determining a blood pressure measurement value BP as an outlier.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: comparing blood pressure measurement value with real-time blood pressure reference value to describe blood pressure status, including determining blood pressure abnormality based on blood pressure measurement value<blood pressure threshold and/or blood pressure measurement valueblood pressure threshold, and/or based on the range of difference in ratio of blood pressure measurement value/real-time blood pressure reference value BP.sub.ratio=BP/BP.sub.ref to judge blood pressure status: when SBP.sub.ratio<0.75 and/or DBP.sub.ratio<0.75, or SBP<90 mmHg and/or DBP<60 mmHg, the blood pressure is determined to be low; when 0.75SBP.sub.ratio<0.875 and/or 0.75DBP.sub.ratio<0.875, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the lower range of normalcy; when 0.875SBP.sub.ratio<1.08 and/or 0.875DBP.sub.ratio<1.08, the blood pressure value is determined to be normal; when 1.08SBP.sub.ratio<1.17 and/or 1.08DBP.sub.ratio<1.125, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the higher range of normalcy; when SBP.sub.ratio1.17 and/or DBP.sub.ratio1.125, or SBP160 mmHg and/or DBP95 mmHg, the blood pressure value is determined to be high.

6. The description method according to claim 1, wherein said outputting comprising at least one of: displaying the real-time blood pressure reference value and the blood pressure measurement value, along with the real-time heart rate; displaying a blood pressure status indication signal corresponding to an intuitive color-code; flashing displays to warn of abnormal values/information; the display contains graphics; uses voice and/or sound outputs to describe blood pressure status.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gender and age information data input of the user includes manual input, voice input, and/or import from a storage medium via a CPU.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blood pressure fluctuation value database, the search instruction of the database, and the algorithm and instructions for determining the blood pressure reference value are stored in a non-transitory storage medium; blood pressure data, heart rate data, and blood pressure state description data are stored in a non-volatile access storage medium.

9. A mobile terminal comprising: a processor; and memory storing instructions for execution by the processor to implement: receiving blood pressure measurement value BP and heart rate measurement value HR; obtaining the blood pressure fluctuation factor (age, gender, measurement date, measurement time) parameter information from the user; searching the corresponding blood pressure fluctuation value database, and obtaining the blood pressure fluctuation values BP.sub.age, BP.sub.hour and BP.sub.date; executing the algorithm BP.sub.ref=BP.sub.ideal+BP.sub.age+BP.sub.date+BP.sub.hour to determine the real-time blood pressure reference value; describing the blood pressure status according to the blood pressure measurement value/real-time blood pressure reference value ratio BP.sub.ratio=BP/BP.sub.ref: displaying and storing real-time blood pressure reference value, blood pressure measurement value and blood pressure status description information.

10. The mobile terminal according to claim 9, wherein: outlier blood pressure measurements are eliminated based on the heart rate fluctuation ratio HR.sub.ratio=HR/HR.sub.average110%; blood pressure status is described according to the blood pressure measurement value/real-time blood pressure reference value ratio BP.sub.ratio=BP/BP.sub.ref: when SBP.sub.ratio<0.75 and/or DBP.sub.ratio<0.75, or SBP<90 mmHg and/or DBP<60 mmHg, the blood pressure is determined to be low; when 0.75SBP.sub.ratio<0.875 and/or 0.75DBP.sub.ratio<0.875, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the lower range of normalcy; when 0.875SBP.sub.ratio<1.08 and/or 0.875DBP.sub.ratio<1.08, the blood pressure value is determined to be normal; when 1.08SBP.sub.ratio<1.17 and/or 1.086DBP.sub.ratio<1.125, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the higher range of normalcy; when SBP.sub.ratio1.17 and/or DBP.sub.ratio1.125, or SBP160 mmHg and/or DBP95 mmHg, the blood pressure value is determined to be high.

11. A medical health monitoring system embedded with an application program for describing blood pressure status based on real-time blood pressure reference values, comprising the mobile terminal according to claim 9, further comprising a processing circuit; a storage device for storing instructions and databases; a data transmission system; and a server; wherein: the processing circuit is configured to execute instructions to perform operations, including receiving user data information and requesting a connection through the server; the storage device includes a non-transitory storage medium and a non-volatile access storage medium, and is suitable for storing several instructions, algorithms and databases, while the instructions are loaded and executed by the processing circuit; the processing circuit execution instruction also includes determining the blood pressure fluctuation value and the real-time blood pressure reference value by searching the blood pressure fluctuation value database; the processing circuit execution instruction also includes describing the blood pressure state by comparing the blood pressure measurement value with the real-time blood pressure reference value; the processing circuit execution instruction also includes the removal of inaccurate blood pressure measurement values according to the heart rate fluctuation ratio HR.sub.ratio=HR/HR.sub.average; the processing circuit execution instructions also include displaying and storing blood pressure measurement values and real-time blood pressure reference values, and storing the user's blood pressure status data.

12. The medical health monitoring system according to claim 11, wherein: an algorithm for determining the real-time blood pressure reference value is BP.sub.ref=BP.sub.ideal+BP.sub.age+BP.sub.date+BP.sub.hour; an algorithm for describing blood pressure status includes: describing the blood pressure state according to the blood pressure measurement value BP<orblood pressure threshold, and/or according to the ratio of blood pressure measurement value/real-time blood pressure reference value BP.sub.ratio=BP/BP.sub.ref value range; when SBP.sub.ratio<0.75 and/or DBP.sub.ratio<0.75, or SBP<90 mmHg and/or DBP<60 mmHg, the blood pressure is determined to be low; when 0.75SBP.sub.ratio<0.875 and/or 0.75DBP.sub.ratio<0.875, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the lower range of normalcy; when 0.875SBP.sub.ratio<1.08 and/or 0.875DBP.sub.ratio<1.08, the blood pressure value is determined to be normal; when 1.08SBP.sub.ratio<1.17 and/or 1.08DBP.sub.ratio<1.125, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the higher range of normalcy; when SBP.sub.ratio1.17 and/or DBP.sub.ratio1.125, or SBP160 mmHg and/or DBP95 mmHg, the blood pressure value is determined to be high; when HR.sub.ratio=HR/HR.sub.average110%, the blood pressure measurement value is judged to be inaccurate.

13. An electronic sphygmomanometer implementing the method according to claim 1, configured to determine the blood pressure state based on real-time blood pressure reference values, and includes a processor, a storage medium, a blood pressure, a heart rate data collection unit, a display, and a voice output device, wherein: the processor is configured to query the blood pressure fluctuation value database to obtain the blood pressure fluctuation value BP, including BP.sub.age, BP.sub.date and BP.sub.hour. the real-time blood pressure reference value is determined according to the algorithm BP.sub.ref=BP.sub.ideal+BP.sub.age+BP.sub.hour+BP.sub.date; the blood pressure status description is derived from the blood pressure measurement value/real-time blood pressure reference value ratio BP.sub.ratio=BP/BP.sub.ref: the display interface displays real-time blood pressure reference values, blood pressure measurement values, and blood pressure status information, including graphics, text, and voice options.

14. The electronic sphygmomanometer according to claim 13, wherein: the blood pressure fluctuation value database includes age (sex)/BP database, date/BP database and measurement time/BP database, among which: the age (gender)/BP database is a blood pressure fluctuation value BP data collection corresponding to each age group and/or natural number age range of males/females, the database includes but not limited to mathematical graphs and data tables; the date/BP database is a data collection of blood pressure fluctuation values BP corresponding to an integer month, the database includes but is not limited to mathematical graphs and data tables; the time/BP database is a data collection of blood pressure fluctuation values BP corresponding to each hour (including 30-minute and 10-minute intervals), the database includes but is not limited to mathematical graphs and data tables.

15. The electronic sphygmomanometer according to claim 13, wherein: blood pressure and heart rate measurements are preconditions to generate and assign the real-time blood pressure reference value BP.sub.ref.

16. The electronic sphygmomanometer according to claim 13, wherein: the storage medium stores a real-time blood pressure reference value algorithm, a BP database, and program instructions and algorithms describing the blood pressure state, the instructions and algorithms are loaded and executed by the processor; the instructions include searching the blood pressure fluctuation value database and determining the real-time blood pressure fluctuation value BP; the instructions include executing a real-time blood pressure reference value algorithm BP.sub.ref=BP.sub.ideal+BP.sub.age+BP.sub.hour+BP.sub.date; the instructions include removing the false blood pressure measurement value according to the heart rate fluctuation ratio HR.sub.ratio=HR/HR.sub.average110%; the instructions include determining the blood pressure state according to the ratio of the blood pressure measurement value to the real-time blood pressure reference value; the blood pressure fluctuation value database includes age (by gender), date, and measurement time/blood pressure fluctuation value databases.

17. The electronic sphygmomanometer according to claim 13, characterized in that: the blood pressure state is described according to the blood pressure measurement value BP<orblood pressure threshold, and/or according to the ratio of blood pressure measurement value/real-time blood pressure reference value BP.sub.ratio=BP/BP.sub.ref; when SBP.sub.ratio<0.75 and/or DBP.sub.ratio<0.75, or SBP<90 mmHg and/or DBP<60 mmHg, the blood pressure value is determined to be low; when 0.75SBP.sub.ratio<0.875 and/or 0.75DBP.sub.ratio<0.875, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the lower range of normalcy; when 0.875SBP.sub.ratio<1.08 and/or 0.875DBP.sub.ratio<1.08, the blood pressure value is determined to be normal; when 1.08SBP.sub.ratio<1.17 and/or 1.086DBP.sub.ratio<1.125, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the higher range of normalcy; when SBP.sub.ratio1.17 and/or DBP.sub.ratio0.125, or SBP160 mmHg and/or DBP95 mmHg, the blood pressure value is determined to be high.

18. The electronic sphygmomanometer according to claim 13, characterized in that: the age and gender information input method of the user includes but is not limited to key input, touch screen input and voice input. The blood pressure status information display includes but is not limited to text, graphics, voice, and noise outputs.

19. The electronic sphygmomanometer according to claim 13, characterized in that: the display content of the sphygmomanometer display interface includes but is not limited to real-time blood pressure reference data and blood pressure measurement data.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium implementing the method according to claim 1, wherein a real-time blood pressure reference value algorithm, a database, program instructions and algorithms describing blood pressure status are stored for execution by a processor to implement steps of the method, wherein: the instructions include obtaining blood pressure fluctuation factor parameters, searching a blood pressure fluctuation value database, and determining a real-time blood pressure fluctuation value BP corresponding to the fluctuation factor; the real-time blood pressure reference value is determined according to the algorithm BP.sub.ref=BP.sub.ideal+BP.sub.age+BP.sub.date+BP.sub.hour; the blood pressure measurement value BP and the heart rate measurement value HR are obtained; inaccurate blood pressure measurements are eliminated based on the heart rate fluctuation ratio HR110%; the blood pressure status is to be described according to the blood pressure measurement value BP<orblood pressure threshold value, and/or the ratio of blood pressure measurement value/real-time blood pressure reference value BP.sub.ratio=BP/BP.sub.ref; when systolic blood pressure SBP.sub.ratio<0.75 and/or diastolic blood pressure DBP.sub.ratio<0.75, or systolic pressure SBP<90 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure DBP<60 mmHg, the blood pressure value is determined to be low; when systolic blood pressure 0.75SBP.sub.ratio<0.875 and/or diastolic blood pressure 0.75DBP.sub.ratio<0.875, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the lower range of normalcy; when systolic blood pressure 0.875SBP.sub.ratio<1.08 and/or diastolic blood pressure 0.875DBP.sub.ratio<1.08, the blood pressure value is determined to be normal; when systolic blood pressure 1.08SBP.sub.ratio<1.17 and/or diastolic blood pressure 1.08DBP.sub.ratio<1.125, the blood pressure value is determined to be in the higher range of normalcy; when the systolic blood pressure SBP.sub.ratio1.17 and/or the diastolic blood pressure DBP.sub.ratio1.125, or the systolic blood pressure SBP160 mmHg and/or the measured diastolic blood pressure DBP95 mmHg, the blood pressure value is determined to be high; the blood pressure fluctuation value database includes, but is not limited to, age/blood pressure fluctuation value, gender/blood pressure fluctuation value, measurement time/blood pressure fluctuation value, and month/blood pressure fluctuation value databases.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] FIG. 1 is a program flow chart showing the method of describing blood pressure status based on real-time blood pressure reference value.

[0066] FIG. 2A is a first portion of a flowchart of an electronic blood pressure monitor application program based on the method of formulating a blood pressure status description according to real-time blood pressure reference value.

[0067] FIG. 2B is a second portion of a flowchart of an electronic blood pressure monitor application program based on the method of formulating a blood pressure status description according to real-time blood pressure reference value.

[0068] FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an electronic sphygmomanometer based on the method of formulating a blood pressure status description according to real-time blood pressure reference value.

[0069] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the electronic blood pressure monitor display interface.

[0070] FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a mobile terminal based on the real-time blood pressure reference value to describe the blood pressure state method.

[0071] FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of the health monitoring network based on the real-time blood pressure reference value describing the blood pressure status method.

[0072] FIG. 7 is a graph of age (gender)/blood pressure fluctuation value.

[0073] FIG. 8 is a graph of date (month)/blood pressure fluctuation value.

[0074] FIG. 9 is a graph of measurement hour/blood pressure fluctuation value.

[0075] FIG. 10A is a first portion of a flow chart of the mobile terminal and medical health monitoring system application program that describes the blood pressure status method based on the real-time blood pressure reference value.

[0076] FIG. 10B is a second portion of a flow chart of the mobile terminal and medical health monitoring system application program that describes the blood pressure status method based on the real-time blood pressure reference value.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The specific implementation of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0078] With the emergence of new technologies (such as cuffless blood pressure measurement through light wave detection), blood pressure all-weather monitoring (ABPM) and health monitoring networks have become the new method for blood pressure measurement. Although ABPM is an improved method for monitoring and evaluating blood pressure status, it comes with inevitable interferences to daily life. Therefore, ABPM is mainly used for patients who have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, and it is difficult for ABPM to become the mainstream method of blood pressure monitoring. As such, the general population still uses random blood pressure measurement methods.

[0079] The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union have issued a high blood pressure identification value of 140/90 mmHg, and the United States has revised it to 130/80 mmHg. Although WHO and other authorities have not released data for the standard blood pressure, the health care industry generally agrees with a standard blood pressure reference value (BP.sub.ideal) of 120/80 mmHg, and with the following:

[0080] A systolic blood pressure<90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure<60 mmHg indicates hypotension;

[0081] A 90 mmHgsystolic blood pressure<105 mmHg or 60 mmHgdiastolic blood pressure<70 mmHg indicates a low to normal blood pressure value;

[0082] A 105 mmHgsystolic blood pressure<130 mmHg or 70 mmHgdiastolic blood pressure<85 mmHg indicates a normal blood pressure value;

[0083] A 130 mmHgsystolic blood pressure<140 mmHg or 85 mmHgdiastolic blood pressure<90 mmHg indicates a normal to high blood pressure value;

[0084] A systolic blood pressure140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure90 mmHg indicate hypertension.

[0085] Based on the above-mentioned blood pressure standard values and the general consensus for determining blood pressure states, the existing electronic sphygmomanometers use 120/80 mmHg as the blood pressure reference value to determine and describe the user's blood pressure state.

[0086] Among the household users who use electronic sphygmomanometers to monitor blood pressure, a large proportion of people think that electronic sphygmomanometers are inaccurate. The inaccuracy not only confuses users, but also directly affects the efficiency and reliability of electronic sphygmomanometers as a family healthcare tool. However, when used in medical institutions and settings, there are almost no doubts regarding the accuracy of electronic sphygmomanometers. Several factors contribute to the above confusions.

[0087] There is a correlation between blood pressure and age. According to a research paper published by Lancet, the global average blood pressure for men was 127/79 mm Hg and 122/77 mm Hg for women in 2015.

[0088] Researchers from the National Center for Health Statistics studied the average blood pressure of American adults from 2001 to 2008, and they had the following findings breakdown by age and gender:

[0089] Average male blood pressure: 18-39 years old: 119/70 mmHg; 40-59 years old: 124/77 mmHg; 60 years old and above: 133/69 mmHg.

[0090] Average female blood pressure: 18-39 years old: 110/68 mmHg; 40-59 years old: 122/74 mmHg; 60 years old and above: 139/68 mmHg.

[0091] Although WHO and other authoritative organizations have not released age-related blood pressure reference values, the fluctuation of blood pressure with age has been confirmed by a large number of research results and public literature. The correlation between blood pressure fluctuations and age is shown in FIG. 7, in which the male systolic blood pressure/age and a fluctuation curve is shown by reference numeral 710, the diastolic blood pressure/age fluctuation curve is shown by numeral 730, the female systolic blood pressure/age fluctuation curve is shown by numeral 720, and the diastolic blood pressure fluctuation curve is shown by numeral 740.

[0092] The influence of seasons on blood pressure fluctuations is also very obvious. A public literature piece published by the Omron Corporation of Japan shows that the influence of temperature change on blood pressure fluctuations is 0.027 mmHg/ C., and the correlation between blood pressure and temperature is inversely proportional (blood pressure fluctuations in winter and summer are about 7 mmHg), and is not affected by age, gender and geographic location.

[0093] The publication titled Weather-Related Changes in 24-Hour Blood Pressure Profile Effects of Age and Implications for Hypertension Management by Pietro Amedeo Modesti, et. al disclosed that fluctuations in blood pressure reach a peak in winter (December, January), while in the summer (July, August), the blood pressure fluctuations drop to its minimum. The systolic blood pressure fluctuation curve is shown in FIG. 8 with reference number 810, and the diastolic blood pressure fluctuation curve is shown with reference number 820.

[0094] Blood pressure fluctuations in one day (24 hours) is similarly obvious. Kazuomi Kario etc., disclosed in a paper titled Changes in 24-Hour Patterns of Blood Pressure in Hypertension Following Renal Denervation Therapy that the blood pressure fluctuates to the highest value from 6:00 to 10:00 and from 15:00 to 17:00, and the lowest blood pressure appears from 10:00 to 2:00 in the evening. The systolic blood pressure fluctuation curve is shown in FIG. 9 with reference number 910, and the diastolic blood pressure fluctuation curve is shown in reference number 920.

[0095] The above-mentioned sources confirm that blood pressure fluctuation factors include age, gender, season, and time. There are significant differences in the random blood pressure measurement values of ordinary people (those with healthy blood pressure), and the blood pressure fluctuation value is up to about 30 mmHg. However, home users may not have medical knowledge and judgment. For example, a 60-year-old man measures 142/90 mmHg at 8:00 in the morning and 115/70 mmHg at 10:00 in the evening. He may feel panicked upon seeing the high blood pressure as indicated by existing sphygmomanometers, and may question the 115/70 mmHg blood pressure measurement. Users may subconsciously regard 120 mmHg as the normal blood pressure reference value (BP.sub.ideal), and to make matters worse, this is confirmed by the blood pressure monitor as its reference value is also set and stagnant at 120/80 mmHg. The electronic sphygmomanometer ignores the influence of blood pressure fluctuation factors and gives users erroneous blood pressure status information, which causes doubt and panic, and contributes to the common concern that electronic sphygmomanometers are not accurate.

[0096] When measuring blood pressure for patients in medical institutions, doctors will comprehensively judge the influence of blood pressure fluctuation factors (age, gender, season, time) on blood pressure measurement values based on their medical knowledge to correctly assess the patient's blood pressure status. Therefore, there is almost no question of uncertainty when sphygmomanometers are used in medical institutions.

[0097] The above shows that the inaccurate measurement phenomenon of home-use electronic blood pressure monitors is due to inaccuracies within the physical measurement, and due to the 120/80 mmHg static blood pressure reference value in both the minds of users and as a reference value for existing electronic sphygmomanometers. It is common medical practice to correct and compensate the blood pressure reference value according to the blood pressure fluctuation factors, so these fixed blood pressure reference values cause incorrect blood pressure status judgment and incites doubt and concern, therefore raising questions about the inaccuracy of the existing electronic sphygmomanometers. Therefore, the illusion of inaccuracy is produced by defects in the technical scheme of existing electronic sphygmomanometers.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 1, a method 100 of describing blood pressure status based on real-time blood pressure reference values of the present disclosure includes determining the blood pressure fluctuation value according to the blood pressure fluctuation factor, and describing the blood pressure state according to the ratio of the blood pressure measurement value to the blood pressure reference value, which is implemented by the computing device. In step 120, the age, gender, date (month) and blood pressure measurement hour (hour) values are inputted. The date and hour data are imported from the clock unit by the processor of the computing device. The age and gender information requires manual (keyboard, touch and voice) input, and/or the importation of recorded data from the system memory. In step 130, the CPU obtains BP by searching the corresponding blood pressure fluctuation value database, including BP.sub.age (step 132), BP.sub.hour (step 134), and BP.sub.date (step 136).

[0099] In step 140, the CPU executes the algorithm instruction BPref=BP.sub.ideal+BP.sub.age+BP.sub.date+BP.sub.hour to determine the real-time blood pressure reference value.

[0100] In step 150, the user inputs instructions (including keyboard, touch screen, and voice) to start blood pressure measurement and obtain blood pressure and heart rate measurement values; in step 160, the CPU executes instructions to read the average heart rate from the storage medium and compare it with the real-time heart rate. When the ratio of real-time heart rate/average heart rate exceeds the set threshold, it is determined that the blood pressure measurement value is inaccurate, and the display prompts users to reinitiate measurement, returning to step 150 in the diagram.

[0101] In step 170, the CPU determines the blood pressure state according to the ratio BP.sub.ratio of the blood pressure measurement value to the real-time blood pressure reference value, and uses the blood pressure state threshold interval where the value of BP.sub.ratio is located to give the blood pressure state prompt information, such as BP low, BP normal , BP normal , BP normal + and BP high.

[0102] The first manifestation of the method described in the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 3 (300), an electronic sphygmomanometer that utilizes real-time blood pressure reference value to describe the blood pressure state. The numbers 310, 320, 330, 340, 354 and 370 are the features and equipment common to the embodiment of the present disclosure and the existing electronic sphygmomanometers on the market. The numbers 352 and 360 are new features of the present disclosure, in which the component labeled 352 refers to the age and gender data input button (including voice input), label 360 is a computer-readable storage medium, including temporary storage medium (RAM), non-transitory storage medium (ROM) and non-volatile storage medium (EEPROM, FLASH). The storage medium 200 stores computer instructions, algorithms, and databases shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B. The electronic sphygmomanometer embodying the present disclosure is different from existing electronic sphygmomanometers in its technical features, that is, while the former still uses the conventional technical methods and devices to obtain blood pressure and heart rate measurement values, the present disclosure takes into account the different factors causing blood pressure fluctuations, and includes a blood pressure reference value along with the description of the blood pressure state. Therefore, the electronic sphygmomanometer embodying the present disclosure can provide more accurate medical advice that better aligns with the real blood pressure state of the user, to an extent comparable to that from a healthcare professional.

[0103] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate an implementation process of a technical solution provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In step 210, after the system is powered on, the CPU imports the date and hour data, and the sphygmomanometer display interface displays clock data (labeled area 410 in FIG. 4). At the same time, the male icon 442 in the area labeled 440 and the default age value in the icon labeled 444 (for example, age=35, display number 35) flashes, and the system sends out a language prompt such as Please select age and gender. Step 214 determines whether the age and gender values are input completely. If Yes, execute step 216 to determine the gender selection, if Yes, execute step 222, if No, execute step 224.

[0104] Step 222 or 224 searches the age/blood pressure fluctuation value database of the corresponding gender, Step 226 obtains the age/blood pressure fluctuation value BP.sub.age, Step 218 searches the hour/blood pressure fluctuation value database, Step 228 obtains the date/blood pressure fluctuation value BP.sub.hour, and Step 220 searches the date/Blood pressure fluctuation value database, step 230 obtains the date/blood pressure fluctuation value BP.sub.date. In step 232, the CPU executes the algorithm instruction, and step 234 generates a real-time blood pressure reference value BP.sub.ref, and the blood pressure reference value is assigned and stored in the memory RAM.

[0105] After the CPU executes step 234 to obtain the real-time blood pressure reference value, the system gives a message prompt (including text display and/or voice) of Press Start to measure blood pressure. Step 236 obtains blood pressure and heart rate measurement values, and step 238 determines whether SBP.sub.ratio1.17 and/or DBP.sub.ratio1.125, or that SBP160 mmHg and/or DBP95 mmHg. When one or more of the above items are Yes, go to step 240, where the CPU reads the average heart rate (HR.sub.average) in the non-volatile storage medium. The average heart rate is generated by averaging the latest ten data points of the user's heart rate, using the algorithm HR.sub.average=(HR.sub.1+HR.sub.2+ . . . +HR.sub.n)/n, where n is an integer, when n+n.sub.+9>10, the heart rate data storage is updated cyclically (not shown in the program flowchart 200), and the heart rate and average heart rate data are stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as FLASH or EEPROM) and the processor executes relevant instructions.

[0106] Step 244 determines whether HR.sub.ratio=HR/HR.sub.average is 110%. When one or more items are Yes, step 246 generates a prompt such as Heart rate exceeds normal value, blood pressure measurement value is inaccurate. In step 248, the display flashes blood pressure measurement value and issues a prompt such as Please re-measure blood pressure, and the system returns to step 236 to re-measure blood pressure/heart rate. If step 244 arrives at No, execute step 250 to generate a prompt such as high blood pressure. Step 254 then executes the flashing display of the blood pressure measurement value, and displays message such as high blood pressure, please seek medical attention (utilizing text, icon, and/or voice output). Step 270 is then executed to end the program.

[0107] In step 238, when the result is No, step 242 is executed to determine whether 1.08SBP.sub.ratio<0.17 and/or 1.08DBP.sub.ratio<0.125 is satisfied. When one or more items are Yes, step 256 generates normal to high blood pressure data and the system will send out a Normal to High Blood Pressure message, then execute step 270 to end the program. If step 238 results in No, execute step 252.

[0108] Step 252 determines whether 0.75SBP.sub.ratio<0.875 and/or 0.75DBP.sub.ratio<0.875 is satisfied. If one or more items are Yes, step 260 generates Normal to low blood pressure data and the system sends out Normal to low blood pressure message, then execute step 270 to end the program. If step 252 results in No, execute step 258.

[0109] Step 258 determines whether SBP.sub.ratio<0.75 and/or DBP.sub.ratio<0.75, or SBP<90 mmHg and/or DBP<60 mmHg, if one or more items are Yes, step 264 generates low blood pressure data, and step 266 is executed. The blood pressure measurement value is displayed in a flashing manner and a message of low blood pressure is issued, then the execution of step 270 ends the program. If step 258 results in No, step 262 is executed.

[0110] Step 262 determines values of 0.875SBP.sub.ratio<1.08 and 0.875DBP.sub.ratio<1.08. Step 268 is executed, the system sends out a normal blood pressure message prompt, and step 270 is executed to end the program.

[0111] FIG. 4 (FIG. 4) shows the display interface (400) of the embodiment of the present disclosure. The calendar and time of day are displayed in the double-dotted-line frame numbered 410, and the real-time blood pressure reference value SBP/DBP is displayed in the double-dotted-line frame numbered 420. The blood pressure measurement value SBP/DBP is displayed in the double-dotted-line frame labeled 430, and the double-dotted-line frame labeled 440 is the combined element display area. Label 442 refers to the male icon, 446 indicates the female icon, and the heart-shaped icon labeled 444 displays the age value and heart rate value sequentially. The sequence of instructions executed by the CPU is displayed.

[0112] In step 210, press the power (ON) button (labeled 460) of the electronic sphygmomanometer monitor. This executes step 212, where the display interface area (410) displays the calendar and hour, the icon labeled 442 flashes (the system default gender is male), and the number in the 444 box flashes the system default age of 35 years old. The system issues a voice or graphic message prompt of Please select age and gender, and press the OK button to confirm. After the user selects the gender and age, the real-time blood pressure reference value is displayed in the box labeled 420, and the gender and age numbers in the box labeled 444 stop flashing.

[0113] After the user enters the age and gender information for the first time, the processor stores the information and data under the user's name (the system automatically numbers users chronologically, for up to 5 users), and the data information is stored in non-volatile access storage medium, such as FLASH and EEPROM. When the blood pressure is measured again, the processor retrieves the user's age and gender data of user number 1, and the gender and age values in the corresponding area of the display interface are displayed flashing. To reduce the inconvenience of reselecting age value at each use, the user age data is automatically updated by the processor according to the system clock/calendar.

[0114] While the blood pressure reference value (generated by step 234) is displayed in the 420 frame, the system will send out a message (voice and/or text) prompting Press the Start key to measure blood pressure, and perform step 236 to obtain the blood pressure and heart rate measurement values. The 430 frame displays the blood pressure measurement value (SBP/DBP), while the heart rate measurement value is displayed in the 444 box. If the blood pressure measurement is judged to be abnormal such as high blood pressure or low blood pressure, the SBP/DBP number in the 430 box will flash; if the heart rate measurement is judged to be an abnormal heart rate (too fast or too slow), the heart-shaped figure and the heart rate value in box 444 will flash simultaneously.

[0115] This embodiment has the function of recording blood pressure reference value, blood pressure measurement value, and blood pressure status data. Each blood pressure measurement value, blood pressure reference value, heart rate value, and blood pressure status datum is stored in non-volatile access memory (including but not limited to FLASH, EEPROM), within the set data storage limit (such as storing 10 or 100 sets of data) that is cyclically updated. When pressed, the set up button brings up the user history of blood pressure measurement results and blood pressure statuses. Display interface areas 410, 420, 430 and 440 display the corresponding data, including the flashing of abnormal blood pressure status.

[0116] In the second embodiment, the method of describing the blood pressure status based on the real-time blood pressure reference value is applied to the mobile terminal system (500), and the mobile terminal 510 includes but is not limited to iPhone, tablet, and laptop. Since the basic function of existing electronic sphygmomanometers is to measure blood pressure and heart rate, the basic electronic sphygmomanometer lacks even calendar and clock functions. As an improvement, the multifunctional electronic sphygmomanometers on the market have data transmission (including wired and wireless transmission methods) and data memory functions, but they only display blood pressure measurement values, heart rate measurement values, and measurement hour records in the transmitted data packets. All existing sphygmomanometers lack age and gender information, and therefore lacks any ability to correct and compensate for the blood pressure fluctuations caused by age, gender, date, and measurement hour, never mind the functions of displaying blood pressure reference values and describing blood pressure statuses.

[0117] In this second embodiment, the method of describing the blood pressure state based on the real-time blood pressure reference value is made into an application program (APP) 514 suitable for downloading, installing, and running in a mobile terminal. The APP program flowchart 1000 is displayed in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B. As shown, step 1012 receives the measured blood pressure value, heart rate value, and measurement hour data packet from the user through the application service module of the mobile terminal including the age and gender information of the blood pressure measurer entered by the user, or the mobile terminal user's supplementary entry of the age and gender information of the blood pressure measurer, or the inputs from the mobile terminal operator of the age and gender information of the requesting user, or the retrieved user age and gender information stored in the mobile terminal. In step 1014, it is determined whether the data obtained is complete. If Yes, execute the next step and sequentially run to step 1034 to obtain the real-time blood pressure reference value BP.sub.ref.

[0118] In steps 1036 to 1068, the blood pressure status is determined by the ratio of the blood pressure measurement value to the real-time blood pressure reference value (BP.sub.ratio). The display device (512) of the mobile terminal displays the real-time blood pressure reference value, blood pressure measurement value, heart rate measurement value, measurement date, measurement hour, age and gender, and other related information. It may also output voice and noise signals in addition to storing the above-mentioned data information in the non-volatile storage medium (including but not limited to FLASH, EPPROM) of the mobile terminal.

[0119] In step 1052 and step 1064, the CPU executes the abnormal data warning prompt, and flashes prompts for abnormal values such as abnormal blood pressure measurement values and inaccurate blood pressure measurement values from steps 1048, 1062, and 1050.

[0120] The third embodiment of the present disclosure applies the method of describing blood pressure status based on real-time blood pressure reference value to the medical health monitoring system (600). The medical health monitoring system central server includes an application server and a database server. The application server has an independent IP address and an open port that receives connection requests and transmits data to the requesting user. The database server stores the user's identity and data information, including the recorded data on age, gender, blood pressure, and heart rate.

[0121] The real-time blood pressure measurement data of the requesting user is outputted through the serial port and the signals are transmitted through the data communication module. The data transmission methods include but are not limited to optical fiber, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and GPRS. The terminal equipment includes the computer equipment of the network-based medical health monitoring system.

[0122] The medical health monitoring system records and stores data on the user's identity and vital signs, tracks and monitors the user's vital signs, and provides medical advice. In the medical health monitoring system, the user's blood pressure data records include ABPM data and random blood pressure measurement data, with the majority being random blood pressure measurement data because ABPM focuses on patients diagnosed with hypertension, which cannot be easily applied to the general population.

[0123] The medical health monitoring system maintains a conventional random blood pressure baseline value (BP.sub.ideal) of 120/80 mmHg, due to the ignorance of blood pressure fluctuation factors. Therefore, there are many errors in the assessment of blood pressure status, and the provided medical advice is not valuable or can even be harmful without the verification and correction by a healthcare professional. This greatly increases the operating cost of the system and the workload of doctors. For a medical health monitoring system with a huge number of users, this seems to be a difficult workload.

[0124] In this third embodiment, an application program (1000) for describing blood pressure status based on real-time blood pressure reference values is embedded in the medical health monitoring system (600). The reference number 610 is the block diagram of the medical health monitoring center, the reference number 612 is the CPU, the reference number 611 is the display and voice output device, 613 is a storage medium, 614 is an I/O interface device, and 615 is a user account management device. Label 620 refers to a communication network, and 630 refers to a user-owned device, including blood pressure and heart rate measurement equipment, as well as signal transmission and web browsing equipment.

[0125] In the user equipment numbered 630, the user obtains the blood pressure and heart rate measurement values through the blood pressure measurement device, and transmits the data to the medical health monitoring center through the network 620 via the signal transmission device, including the blood pressure, heart rate measurement value, date, and measurement hour date. After receiving the user data, the CPU executes the instruction to execute step 1012, and stores the user data in the nonvolatile storage medium of the storage device 613 through the user account management device 615. CPU 612 also executes application program instructions and algorithms to generate user blood pressure reference value and real-time blood pressure status information and store it in the non-volatile storage medium of storage device 613, including real-time blood pressure reference value, blood pressure measurement value, heart rate measurement value, average heart rate value, the determined blood pressure status information, etc.

[0126] When the user connects to the system through the relevant equipment of the user terminal (electronic blood pressure meter with network transmission function, PC, etc.), the account management system of the system user server automatically matches the user information, and the CPU labeled 612 will automatically import the user's age and gender information data into the internal memory storage (RAM, step 1012) from the non-volatile access memory. The system simultaneously receives the blood pressure measurement value, heart rate measurement value, measurement date, hour and other data transmitted by the user terminal device. Step 1014 determines whether the above data information is complete. If Yes, execute the next steps of the program until step 1034 generates the real-time blood pressure reference value (BP.sub.ref).

[0127] In step 1036, the CPU executes the command to compare the blood pressure measurement value with the blood pressure reference value to describe the blood pressure status (Compare BP to describe BP status). After steps 1038-1068, the user's blood pressure status description is completed, and the system uses text, charts, tables, among other ways to display, record, and store user blood pressure status description information.

[0128] When the user's blood pressure status is described as abnormal blood pressure, the CPU executes steps 1052 and 1064, flashes and marks the abnormal blood pressure values and inaccurate blood pressure measurement values of steps 1048, 1062, and 1050, and starts the information prompt and medical advice prompt. The CPU sends relevant information to the user terminal through the network, while the user also has the authority to log in to the system to query relevant information at any time.

[0129] The terms first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, elements referred to as first and second may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present disclosure, a plurality indicates two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

[0130] In the description of the present disclosure, the terms some embodiments, or example, and the like may indicate a specific feature described in connection with the embodiment or example, a structure, a material or feature included in at least one embodiment or example. In the present disclosure, the schematic representation of the above terms is not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example.

[0131] Moreover, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, various embodiments or examples described in the specification, as well as features of various embodiments or examples, may be combined and reorganized.

[0132] In some embodiments, the control and/or interface software or applications (apps) can be provided in a form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon is further provided. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random-Access Memory (RAM), a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, optical data storage equipment, a flash drive such as a USB drive or an SD card, and the like.

[0133] Implementations of the subject matter and the operations described in this disclosure can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed herein and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. Implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions, encoded on one or more computer storage medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus.

[0134] Alternatively, or in addition, the program instructions can be encoded on an artificially-generated propagated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus for execution by a data processing apparatus. A computer storage medium can be, or be included in, a computer-readable storage device, a computer-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory array or device, or a combination of one or more of them.

[0135] Moreover, while a computer storage medium is not a propagated signal, a computer storage medium can be a source or destination of computer program instructions encoded in an artificially-generated propagated signal. The computer storage medium can also be, or be included in, one or more separate components or media (e.g., multiple CDs, disks, drives, or other storage devices). Accordingly, the computer storage medium may be tangible.

[0136] The operations described in this disclosure can be implemented as operations performed by a data processing apparatus on data stored on one or more computer-readable storage devices or received from other sources.

[0137] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any claims, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination.

[0138] Moreover, although features can be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination can be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination

[0139] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

[0140] As such, particular implementations of the subject matter have been described. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking or parallel processing can be utilized.

[0141] Some other embodiments of the present disclosure can be available to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the various embodiments disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure following general principles of the present disclosure and include the common general knowledge or conventional technical means in the art without departing from the present disclosure. The specification and examples can be shown as illustrative only, and the true scope and spirit of the disclosure are indicated by the following claims.