SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONVEYING AN ASSEMBLY

Abstract

Cleaning system including a brush assembly for cleaning solar panels. The brush assembly has at least one rotatable brush having a rotational axis. The rotatable brush includes a plurality of sets of bristles, each extending outwardly from a core. A shaft extends through the core of the brush. The shaft is a telescoping shaft, which is configured to retract and expand to create an elongated brush assembly. An apparatus, system, and method for conveying an assembly along a track. A rail includes a first planar side, a second planar side, and a third planar side. The first, second and third planar sides are arranged to form at least two acute angles ranging between 50 degrees and 80 degrees. A carriage assembly includes a drive wheel and at least two rollers. The drive wheel is configured to contact the second planar side and is configured to translate the assembly along the rail. The two rollers are configured to contact the two other sides to maintain the carriage in contact with the rail.

Claims

1. A track system for supporting a cleaning apparatus for a solar panel, the track system comprising: a bracket configured to be attached to the solar panel; and a rail that snaps on the bracket with no fasteners to hold the rail to the bracket, wherein the rail comprises a first planar side, a second planar side, and a third planar side that form an open triangle, wherein the bracket comprises a first planar side, a second planar side, and a third planar side, and the first planar side of the rail contacts the first planar side of the bracket, the second planar side of the rail contacts the second planar side of the bracket, and the third planar side of the rail contacts the third planar side of the bracket.

2. The track system of claim 1, further comprising: a carriage assembly comprising a drive wheel and at least two rollers, wherein the drive wheel is configured to contact the second planar side of the rail and is configured to translate the carriage assembly along the rail.

3. The track system of claim 2, wherein a first roller of the at least two rollers is configured to contact the first planar side of the rail, and a second roller of the at least two rollers is configured to contact the third planar side of the rail.

4. The track system of claim 3, wherein the at least two rollers are configured to hold the carriage assembly onto the rail.

5. The track system of claim 2, wherein the carriage assembly includes a drive.

6. The track system of claim 5, wherein the carriage assembly attaches to the cleaning apparatus and translates the cleaning apparatus along the rail for cleaning the solar panel.

7. The track system of claim 6, wherein the cleaning apparatus comprises: a trailing assembly, wherein the trailing assembly is pulled, behind the carriage assembly, by the carriage assembly; and a brush assembly connected between the carriage assembly and the trailing assembly, wherein the drive is configured to translate the brush assembly and the trailing assembly along the rail.

8. The track system of claim 7, wherein the brush assembly comprises: at least one rotatable brush having a rotational axis, the at least one rotatable brush including a core defining a plurality of sockets, wherein one or more brush bristles extend from each of the plurality of sockets and the at least one rotatable brush is attached with one end to the carriage assembly and with another end to the trailing assembly.

9. The track system of claim 7, wherein the drive is configured to translate the brush assembly and the trailing assembly along the rail so that the trailing assembly trails behind the carriage assembly along the rail, and the rotational axis of the brush assembly makes an angle different than 90 degrees with the rail while the carriage assembly and the trailing assembly move along the rail.

10. The track system of claim 8, wherein the one or more brush bristles are removably attached to each of the one or more sockets.

11. The track system of claim 8, wherein the sockets extend outwardly from the core.

12. The track system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of sockets extends inwardly toward the core.

13. A track system comprising: a carriage assembly having a drive roller and a pair of rollers; and a rail having a first side, a second side, and a third side, wherein the drive roller is configured to engage the first side of the rail and translate the carriage assembly along the rail, wherein a first roller of the pair of rollers is configured to engage the second side of the rail and a second roller of the pair of rollers is configured to engage the third side of the rail, wherein the pair of rollers is configured to hold the carriage assembly onto the rail, and wherein the carriage assembly attaches to a cleaning apparatus and translates the cleaning apparatus along the rail.

14. The track system of claim 13, wherein the first, second, and third planar sides of the rail are arranged to form at least two acute angles ranging between 50 degrees and 80 degrees.

15. The track system of claim 13, further comprising: a support bracket attached to a solar panel, wherein the rail snaps onto the support bracket with no fasteners.

16. The track system of claim 13, wherein the cleaning apparatus comprises: a brush assembly comprising at least one rotatable brush having a rotational axis, the at least one rotatable brush including a core and a plurality of sets of bristles extending outwardly from the core, the plurality of sets of bristles including at least a first set of bristles and a second set of bristles.

17. The track system of claim 16, wherein the cleaning apparatus further comprises: a rotational cover surrounding at least a portion of the brush assembly, the rotational cover including one or more static bristles extending from edges of the rotational cover.

18. The track system of claim 17, wherein an area of high pressure is formed between a first set of the first set of bristles when the first set of bristles is in a flexed position, a second set of bristles adjacent the first set of bristles, and one or more static bristles.

19. The track system of claim 17, wherein an area of low pressure is formed between the first set of bristles and the second set of bristles when the first set of bristles moves between the flexed position and an un-flexed position.

20. A track system for supporting a cleaning apparatus for a solar panel, the track system comprising: a bracket to be attached to the solar panel; a rail that snaps on the bracket with no fasteners to hold the rail onto the bracket; and the cleaning apparatus attached to the rail and configured to move along the rail to clean the solar panel, wherein the rail comprises three planar sides, each planar side mating with a corresponding planar side of the rail.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Embodiments are further described in the detailed description which follows, in reference to the noted plurality of drawings by way of non-limiting examples of certain embodiments of the present invention, in which like numerals represent like elements throughout the several views of the drawings, and wherein:

[0043] FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary system in an operational position.

[0044] FIGS. 2A-2C depict an exemplary system in initial, intermediate, and operational configurations.

[0045] FIGS. 3A and 3B depict an exemplary carriage assembly.

[0046] FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary track and cleaning system.

[0047] FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary cross section of a rail.

[0048] FIGS. 6A-6C depict exemplary configurations of rail cross sections.

[0049] FIG. 7 depicts two views of an exemplary track.

[0050] FIGS. 8A and 8B depict cross sections of exemplary rails.

[0051] FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary cross section of an external rail track.

[0052] FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary cross section of an internal rail track.

[0053] FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic array system.

[0054] FIG. 12 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic array system.

[0055] FIG. 13 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic array system.

[0056] FIG. 14 depicts an exemplary implementation of a photovoltaic array system.

[0057] FIG. 15 depicts a photovoltaic array with a central track system.

[0058] FIG. 16 depicts a photovoltaic array during operation of the system.

[0059] FIG. 17 depicts a photovoltaic array with an off-center track.

[0060] FIG. 18 depicts a photovoltaic array during operation of the system.

[0061] FIG. 19 depicts an overhead view and a cross sectional view of a photovoltaic array during operation of the system.

[0062] FIGS. 20A-20E depict an exemplary embodiment of a brush assembly.

[0063] FIGS. 21A-21E depict an exemplary embodiment of a rail.

[0064] FIGS. 22A and 22B depict exemplary configurations of a carriage assembly and rail.

[0065] FIG. 23 depicts a cross section of an exemplary rail.

[0066] FIGS. 24A-24D depict an exemplary embodiment of a rotatable brush.

[0067] FIGS. 25A and 25B depict an exemplary embodiment of a brush assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] Exemplary embodiments described, shown, and/or disclosed herein are not intended to limit the claims, but rather, are intended to instruct one of ordinary skill in the art as to various aspects of the invention. Other embodiments can be practiced and/or implemented without departing from the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. As an example, the description below discusses panels primarily with respect to photovoltaic solar panels. Nonetheless, the term panel can mean a window, such as a skylight, a mirror, or any plane for which the cleaning system can be utilized.

[0069] Applicant hereby incorporates by reference in its entirety U.S. application Ser. No. 13/567,205, filed by Inventor Georg Eitelhuber on Aug. 6, 2012. The application was published as US 2013/0037051 A1 on Feb. 14, 2013. The language and embodiments of the application will not be repeated herein for the purpose of brevity.

[0070] An exemplary embodiment is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The track and cleaning system (100) can have a brush assembly (102) with at least one rotatable brush (103) having a rotational axis. A drive can be configured to translate the brush assembly parallel to the rail (101). A carriage assembly (104) for translating the brush assembly can have a pivot, which can be configured to allow pivoting of the rotational axis in a plane parallel to the rails and the rotational axis, which is also parallel to panel (106). The pivoting action can further be aided by a trailing assembly (105), which can have another pivot that is slidably attached to the brush assembly. Directional arrow shows the direction of travel of the brush and carriage assemblies. The angle, e, between the direction of travel and the rotational axis of the brushes can be less than ninety degrees when the duster is operating.

[0071] FIGS. 2A-2C show a cleaning system in an initial configuration, as well as two operational configurations. As the carriage assembly (204) is driven across the panel, the pivots in the carriage (204) and trailing (205) assemblies can allow the longitudinal axis of the brushes to rotate parallel to the panel. Initially, the brushes can overhang the trailing assembly. This distance of overhang can decrease as the brushes rotate into an operating position, as shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C.

[0072] An advantageous aspect of the system is the way the device can slide up into an angled position that can allow the top end to lead. This can allow dust and debris to fall forward and away from the brush-panel interface. The unique roller support on the bottom of the brush assembly can allow the system to be supported by a cart, always directly over the rail.

[0073] Leading the top edge of the brush assembly can dramatically increase effectiveness of the cleaning in several ways. The dust at the top need not be re-brushed many times on the way down after being dislodged, as can happen if the brush is constrained vertically.

[0074] Further, the bristle pattern on the brushes can be straight instead of spiral. This can facilitate flicking the dust and debris from the surface, rather than grinding them across the panel surface by lateral relative velocity of a bristle spiral. Yet because of the nonperpendicular angle, with respect to the direction of travel, dust and debris can still be directed towards the bottom edge more rapidly.

[0075] In an embodiment, the solar panel cleaning system can incorporate one or more support assemblies to support the brushes. The system can also have one or more motors to operate the rotatable brushes and/or a drive wheel. The rotatable brushes can move across a panel in a direction, for example as shown by the directional arrows in FIGS. 1-4, and/or in the opposite direction. Additionally, the rotatable brushes can pivot to a certain degree across the surface.

[0076] When in a run position, i.e. an operational position, the angle between the direction of travel, defined by the direction of the track, and the rotational axis, defined by the longitudinal axis of one or more of the brushes, can be between zero and 180 degrees. When the brushes are in rest position, the rotational axis can be perpendicular to the rails. Further, the rotatable brushes can be rotated counter-clockwise and/or clockwise from a rest position to reach an operating position.

[0077] The embodiment of FIG. 2C shows an operating configuration where the angle has been defined by the length of the brush assembly. Once the sliding member reaches the end of the brush assembly, the trailing assembly can be pulled by the driven carriage assembly at a defined angle. The embodiment of FIG. 2B shows an operating configuration in which the brush assembly is allowed to pivot until an equilibrium angle is achieved. The mechanical advantages in the embodiments are manifold. For example, the tracks can have very large tolerances for lateral distance apart, and the brush can simply find its own angle comfortably. For straight brushes, conversely, such changes in the lateral angle would result in the system pulling itself apart. Exemplary operating angles can include 30 to 80 degrees, 40 to 75 degrees, 50 to 70 degrees, 55 to 65 degrees, and/or less than 60 degrees.

[0078] FIGS. 3A and 3B are an exploded view and a substantially assembled depiction of the carriage assembly (300). The carriage can have one or more drive wheels. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, drive wheel (301) can be attached to motor (303) by means of a coupling (304). Rollers (302) can form a triangular shape when assembled so as to hold tight to a rail with a triangular cross section. The term roller herein can mean wheel, caster, bearing, roller bearing, and/or other elements. The carriage can further have a pivot (305) mounted to a pivot plate (306) or be otherwise mounted.

[0079] The triangular shape of the rollers is shown in the exemplary cleaning system (400) of FIG. 4. As can be seen, carriage assembly (402) can be configured to hold tight onto rails (401), which have a triangular cross section. A closer view of the cross section of the rail, including hollow areas and exemplary internal support structures, can be seen in FIG. 5.

[0080] Referring again to FIG. 4, a brush assembly can frame rotatable brushes (403) and be attached to pivots (404). The brush assembly can thereby be attached to the drive wheel, via the carriage assembly, and to the trailing assembly (408), via a slidable pivot (407). The rotatable brushes can include a shaft and a sweeping member. The sweeping member can be made of bristles comprising bristles, such as hair, plastic, and/or metal bristles. Alternatively, the sweeping member can be made of foam and/or sponge.

[0081] A brush assembly motor (406) can be used to actuate and/or rotate the rotatable brushes about their longitudinal axes. The shaft can be coupled to a drive transmission. The brushes can rotate about their axes such that the part of the brush in contact with the surface moves in the same direction as the direction of travel of the brush assembly and/or in the opposite direction. The carriage assembly can be coupled to a drive motor (405). Although not shown in FIG. 4, the trailing assembly can also be coupled to a drive motor, for example to facilitate returning the brushes to a perpendicular orientation for storing and/or to facilitate reversing the direction of travel. Alternatively, the brushes can be configured to return to a perpendicular orientation, with respect to the track, simply by continuing to rotate the brushes as the drive motor translates the brush assembly to its starting position opposite the directional arrow.

[0082] In an embodiment, there can be one motor to operate the rotatable brushes. The brushes can be configured to rotate in the same direction synchronously or in two different directions through the use of gears. Gearing can be utilized to rotate different brushes of a multi-brush assembly at different speeds. In an embodiment there may be two or more motors. In such an embodiment, several brushes can be individually operated by different motors.

[0083] FIG. 5 shows a rail having a triangular cross section. The shape and internal support features can be achieved an extrusion process. The rail can be, for example, extruded aluminum. Such is advantageous as the rail can be very stiff and rigid. Moreover, such a rail can have a closed configuration and can have good bending moment characteristics.

[0084] FIGS. 6A-6C show alternative rail configurations that can be advantageously fabricated from cold rolling processes. Such materials as cold rolled steel provide many benefits. The rails can be long, without seams, and very strong. Cold rolled rails can be very stiff, and ordinary cold rolled steel can be utilized inexpensively. Moreover, cold rolled metal can further act as a load bearing member to provide structural support, for example, to an entire photovoltaic array. The grey rectangles in FIGS. 6A-6C represent roller positions around the rail. An advantage to the triangular cross sections in FIGS. 5 and 6 is that the number of rollers for maintaining the carriage and/or trailing assemblies on the rails is minimized.

[0085] FIG. 7 shows a track system (700) that can include a rail (701). Rollers (702) can be utilized on all three of the planar faces of the rail. The rail can include intermittent supports (703) and fasteners (704), such as bolts and/or rivets. The intermittent supports can be, though need not be, attached to a solar panel support or to a solar panel directly. If made for the track alone, and not a load bearing member, intermittent supports can be used to attach the track to the main support. The supports can provide additional stiffness to the cross section of the rail by joining the two parts of the rail intermittently.

[0086] Although an advantage of the present system is in the minimization of the number of rollers and/or roller assemblies required, it may be advantageous and/or convenient to use rollers on four or five faces of a track. FIGS. 8A and 8B shows contemplated rail configurations, as well as various roller positions.

[0087] Two alternative embodiments are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. 9 shows an external rail configuration with a triangular cross section. A drive wheel is represented by the large rectangle on top and two sets of complimentary rollers are represented by the rectangles on either side of the rail. In FIG. 10, the rollers are internal to the rail. An internal rail can be beneficial is it can be more compact than an external rail. Moreover, as will be shown, an internal rail can allow a brush system to be disposed close to the plane of a surface by mounting the rail such that the top of the channel is flush with the surface to be swept.

[0088] FIGS. 11 and 12 show two configurations for positioning a solar panel cleaning system (1100) close to the surface to be cleaned, for example a solar panel surface (1101). A primary roller (1102), i.e. a load-bearing drive wheel, is positioned on top of a triangular rail (1104). The top surface of the rail has been disposed in the plane of the solar panel surface. Complementary rollers (1103) are shown on either side of the triangular rail. In FIG. 12, the rollers can be more compactly configured within the channel of the rail, dramatically reducing the profile of the cleaning system. Further, the configuration can allow the rail and cleaning system to be disposed very close the surface to be cleaned. It can be advantageous to include means for dust abatement, such as a flexible hood or bristles along the top of the channel and/or egress apertures along the bottom of the channel. Additionally, a skirt around the pivot and sliding members can be utilized to prevent dust and debris from falling into the channel. Further, the assembly components can be disposed in a housing to seal them from dust and dirt.

[0089] The system can further include a self-cleaning system configured to automatically clean the one or more rotatable brushes. The system can be integrated with a housing for the brushes or merely attached to an edge of a panel array. A self-cleaning member can include a stiff brush, a row of rake-like tines, a bar, or other effective elements against which the rotating brushes can pass while rotating and thereby eliminate excess dust and debris buildup.

[0090] In FIG. 13, similar to FIG. 12, the rollers (1302) can be disposed within a channel. The internal rail can be adhered to the solar panels (1301), for example with resin (1303). FIG. 14 additionally shows a pivot arm (1404) for attaching to a brush assembly. Rubber strips (1406) with circular cross sections can be attached inside support frame members (1405) having a C-shaped cross section. The members can be used to mount the solar panels (1401). The support frame can be bolted to a main array. The support frame can be part of the main array, for example as an integral part of an extrusion. As shown in FIG. 14, a panel can be inserted straight (where there is clearance), and then can be let down to an angle of tilt. This can crush the rubber strips, and can thereby cause a locking force on the panels. The other end of the panel can be held down either by a resin stick, by small clamp, and/or by an adhesive. Conversely, the rubber bits can be attached to the panels themselves for substantially the same effect.

[0091] FIGS. 15-19 show various embodiments of a photovoltaic array. In FIG. 15, solar panels (1501) can be mounted to support structures (1503) and track (1502). The track can be an internal rail, such as a channel, or an external rail. As shown in FIG. 16, the cleaning system (1602) can be centrally mounted to a pivot connected to a carriage assembly which utilizes only a central track. Alternatively, trailing roller assemblies can be incorporated along the top, bottom, or top and bottom edges of the array of solar panels (1601), similar to embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-4.

[0092] Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18, the array of solar panels (1701) can include a track (1702) that is off center. Here also, the track can be an internal rail, such as a channel, or an external rail. The carriage and pivot (1804) can be utilized alone or in combination with other roller assemblies to translate and pivot the cleaning system (1803).

[0093] For a centrally located track, it can be advantageous to incorporate a trailing assembly with its own drive or motor, or to incorporate a rolling resistance to facilitate pivoting. A motor can be integrated with the pivot to produce a power-actuated pivot.

[0094] In FIG. 19, solar panels (1901) can be supported by and mounted to rails (1905). Brush assembly (1903) can be translated and operated by carriage assembly (1902). The translation, orientation, and support of the brush can further be facilitated by a trailing roller assembly (1904). As shown above, the carriage and the trailing assembly can have substantially similar roller configurations.

[0095] The cleaning system can further include a monitoring device to determine whether a cleaning is required. The device can include a meter of the output of the solar panels. Alternatively, the device can include sensor system for measuring the efficiency and/or effectiveness of the photovoltaic elements.

[0096] The monitoring device can be in communication with a control device. The control device can be configured to activate the cleaning system. The control device can be configured to send a signal indicating the status and/or the need for cleaning a panel. Additionally, the control device can be configured to send a signal indicating a fault or error in the array system, including in the cleaning system.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 20A, a cleaning system (2000) for cleaning solar panels (2010) is depicted. The cleaning system (2000) may include a brush assembly (2001) for cleaning the solar panels (2010). The brush assembly (2001) may include a brush (2003), as depicted in FIG. 20B. The brush (2003) may include one or more bristles (2004) extending outwardly from the core (2008). A shaft (2005), as illustrated in FIG. 20C, may extend through the core (2008) of the brush (2003). The shaft (2005) may be a telescoping shaft, which is configured to retract and expand to create an elongated brush (2003).

[0098] The shaft (2005) may be connected to a slider-bearing hub assembly (2006), as illustrated in FIGS. 20D and 20E, that allows the shaft (2005) to expand and retract. The slider-bearing hub assembly (2006) may include any necessary components to allow the shaft (2005) to expand and retract. For example, the slider-bearing hub assembly (2006) may include one or more washers, nuts, couplings, retainers, screws, bolts, keys, seals, bushings, etc.

[0099] Referring back to FIG. 20A, the brush assembly (2001) may include a cover (2002) that surrounds at least a portion of the brush (2003). In at least one embodiment, the cover (2002) may surround at least 180 degrees of the brush (2003). In other embodiments, the cover (2002) may surround more than 180 degrees of the brush (2003) or may surround less than 180 degrees of the brush (2003). For example, the cover (2002) may surround approximately 270 degrees or the majority of the brush (2003). The cover (2002) may be any suitable shape or material. In embodiments, the cover in generally arc-shaped.

[0100] The telescoping shaft (2005), allows the brush assembly (2001) to be attached at either end to a carriage or trailing assembly (2007), which in turn may be attached to and configured to move along a rail. The telescoping shaft (2005) may be configured to expand and retract as the angle or the direction of movement of the brush assembly (2001) changes. Alternatively, the telescoping shaft (2005) may be configured to expand and retract to extend between different rail widths, while the angle of the brush assembly (2001) remains constant.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 21A, triangular rail (2201) having a generally triangular shape and an open cross-section is depicted. The triangular rail (2201) may snap on to a bracket (2202), as shown in FIGS. 20B-20D. The triangular rail (2201) may eliminate the need for fasteners to hold the rail (2201) to the bracket (2202). The shape of the triangular rail (2201) may have an advantage of simplifying the design and reducing the manufacturing cost of a track and cleaning system for solar panels. A carriage or trailing assembly (2204) may be attached to the rail (2201). The carriage or trailing assembly (2204) may include a plurality of rollers or roller sets (2203). In embodiments, the carriage or trailing assembly (2204) includes three rollers (2203), a first roller (2203) may contact a first side of the triangular rail (2201), a second roller (2203) may contact a second or top side of the triangular rail (2201), and a third roller (2203) may contact a third side of the triangular rail (2201).

[0102] The first, second, and third side of the triangular rail (2201) may be positioned at any angle. For example, the first and third sides of the triangular rail (2201) may be at an angle, and the second side may be in a horizontal plane. In at least one embodiment, the first, second, and third sides of the triangular rail (2201) are arranged to form two acute angles, such the first and third sides extend toward each other. Each side of the triangular rail (2201) may be planar surfaces. One or more rollers (2203) may be configured to hold the assembly (2204) in place. For example, the first and third rollers (2203) may hold the assembly (2204) on the rail (2201), while the second roller (2203) may be a drive roller that is configured to translate the assembly (2204) along the rail (2201). The open cross-section of the triangular rail (2201) may allow the bracket (2202) to fit within the rail (2201). For example, a top portion of the bracket (2202) may be configured to contact a bottom surface of the second side of the rail (2201), while the first and third sides of the rail (2201) are each configured to contact a side portion of the bracket (2202).

[0103] The rail (2201) may be made of any suitable material, including cold rolled steel and aluminum extrusion. In embodiments, the rail (2201) may be placed at any angle. For example, the rail (2201) can be positioned such that one side of the triangle is in a horizontal plane. Alternatively, the rail (2201) can be inverted or at any angle. The bracket (2202) may be any suitable shape. In at least one embodiment, the end of the bracket (2202) is U-shaped.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 22A, a carriage assembly (2100) and a rail (2120) are shown. The rail (2120) may be any suitable shape or size. In embodiments, the rail (2120) includes a first side (2121), a second side (2122) and a third side (2123). The second side (2122) and third side (2123) may extend from the first side (2121), each at an angle. In embodiments, the first side (2121), second side (2122), and third side (2123) form two acute angles. The acute angles may be any suitable angle less than 90 degrees. In embodiments, the second side (2122) and third side (2123) each form a generally triangular shape at one end of the first side (2121). Alternatively, the rail (2120) may be generally U-shaped.

[0105] The carriage assembly (2100) may include a bracket (2101) having a first side (2102) and a second side (2103). The bracket (2101) may include a shaft (2104) and a drive roller (2105) attached to the shaft (2104). The shaft (2104) may extend between the second side (2102) and third side (2103) of the bracket (2101) and may be parallel to the first side (2101). The shaft (2104) may extend through one or more of the second side (2102) or the third side (2103) of the bracket (2101). In embodiments, a drive motor is attached to the shaft (2104). The drive motor may be attached to the shaft (2104) in any suitable manner, including via a bracket and a coupling. The drive roller (2105) may be configured to move the carriage assembly (2100) across a surface, such as the first surface (2121) of the rail (2120).

[0106] The carriage assembly (2101) may include a plurality of rollers (2106, 2107). The rollers (2106, 2107) may be attached to the second end (2102) and third end (2103) of the bracket (2101). The rollers (2106, 2107) may be attached to the bracket (2101) by any suitable means. The rollers (2106, 2107) may be configured to keep the carriage assembly (2100) to the rail (2120).

[0107] The carriage assembly (2100) may be attached to a rail (2120) that is positioned in any direction. For example, the rail (2120) may be horizontal, vertical, or at any angle. In at least one embodiment, the rail (2120) can be an edge of one or more solar panels. Alternatively, the rail can be a support member for a row of solar panels. The carriage assembly can be made of any suitable material, such as an extrusion or cold-rolled array structure.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 23, the rail (2301) may have a generally triangular shape and an open cross-section. The rail (2301) may be formed from a plurality of sides. For example, the rail (2301) may be formed from a first side (2302), a second side (2303), and a third side (2304). The first side (2302), second side (2303), and third side (2304) may form a generally triangular shape having an open cross-section and may define two acute angles. For example, an acute angle may be formed between the first side (2302) and the second side (2303). The acute angle may be any suitable angle. For example, the acute angle may range between 30 and 85 degrees. In at least one embodiment, the acute angle formed between the first side (2302) and the second side (2303) is approximately 70 degrees.

[0109] An acute angle may be formed between the second side (2303) and the third side (2304). The acute angle may be any suitable angle. For example, the acute angle may range between 30 and 85 degrees. In at least one embodiment, the acute angle formed between the second side (2303) and the third side (2304) is approximately 60 degrees. The rail (2301) may also include a bottom member (2305) and an angled member (2306). The bottom member (2305) may be attached to the third side (2304). The bottom member (2305) may be parallel to the second side (2303). The angled member (2306) may be attached to the bottom member (2305) and the third side (2303), such that the third side (2303), bottom member (2305) and angled member (2306) form a triangle. The angled member may be positioned at any suitable angle. For example, approximately a 30 degree angle may be formed by the angled member (2306) and the bottom member (2305). Alternatively, the angle may be greater or less than 30 degrees.

[0110] The first side (2302), second side (2303), third side (2304), bottom member (2305), and angled member (2306) may all be planar surfaces. The rail (2301) may be made from any suitable material such as cold rolled steel or aluminum extrusion. The first side (2302), second side (2303), third side (2304), bottom member (2005), and angled member (2306) may have any suitable dimensions, including the dimensions depicted in FIG. 23.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 24A, a rotatable brush (2400) in accordance with aspects of this invention is shown. The rotatable brush (2400) may include a core (2401), as shown in FIG. 24B, and bristles (2410) as shown in FIG. 24C. Referring back to FIG. 2B, the core (2401) may include a plurality of sockets (2402) for receiving the bristles (2410). Any number of sockets (2402) may be included on the core (2401). Each of the sockets (2402) may receive any number of bristles (2410). For example, each socket (2402) may receive a single bristle (2410) or a plurality of bristles (2410). In at least one embodiment, each socket (2402) is configured to receive a bristle assembly, which comprises a plurality of bristles (2410) joined together. The core (2402) may be made from any suitable material. In at least one embodiment, the core (2401) is made from a single aluminum extrusion.

[0112] The sockets (2402) may extend into the core (2401), as illustrated in FIG. 24B. Alternatively, the sockets (2402) may extend outwardly from the core (2401), as illustrated in FIGS. 20C and 20D. The sockets may include a first socket side (2403) and second socket side (2404), which are configured to hold the bristles (2410) in the socket (2402). The first socket side (2403) and the second socket side (2004) may be angled toward each other to hold the bristles (2410) between them. In at least one embodiment, the bristles (2410) may be removably attached to the sockets (2402), such that they can be replaced.

[0113] Referring to FIG. 25A, a rotatable brush assembly (2500) in accordance with aspects of this invention is shown. The rotatable brush assembly (2500) may include a core (2501) and bristles (2502) extending outwardly from the core (2501). The bristles (2502) may surround the core (2501), such that there is spacing between each of the bristles, or may be arranged in clusters or sets, having a plurality of clusters or sets of bristles (2502) around the core (2501). The rotatable brush assembly (2500) may include a rotatable axis (2503) and a cover (2504). The cover (2504) may be configured to extend over at least a portion of the brush assembly (2500). In at least one embodiment, the cover (2500) is configured to surround approximately 180 degrees of the brush assembly (2500). Alternatively, the cover (2500) may be configured to surround less than 180 degrees of the brush assembly (2500) or more than 180 degrees of the brush assembly (2500). The cover (2504) may be any suitable shape or material. For example, the cover (2504) may be generally arc-shaped. The cover (2504) may be any suitable spacing from the bristles (2502). For example, the cover (2504) may be spaced from the brush assembly (2500) such that the ends of the bristles (2502) just touch an inner surface of the cover (2504). The cover (2504) may include a plurality of static bristles (2505). The plurality of static bristles (2505) may extend from the edges of the cover (2504) and be configured to contact the surface being cleaned.

[0114] During operation of the brush assembly (2500), the bristles (2502) contact the surface that is being cleaned, such as a solar panel. When the bristles (2502) are un-flexed and the ends just touch the cover (2504), an area of atmospheric pressure (2510) occurs between sets of bristles (2502) as illustrated in FIG. 25B. When the bristles (2502) contact a surface, the bristles (2502) flex, reducing the amount of space between the flexed set of bristles (2502) the adjacent set of bristles (2502), which may cause an area of high pressure (2511) or compressed air between two adjacent sets of bristles (2002). The static bristles (2505) of the cover (2504) may help maintain the area of high pressure (2511) between adjacent bristles (2502) by trapping the air between the two sets of adjacent bristles (2502) rather than letting the air escape. When the bristles (2502) move from the flexed to un-flexed position, after contacting the surface, the high pressure region (2511) is transformed into a low pressure region (2512). The change between high pressure (2511) and low pressure regions (2512) causes a boost of compressed air, which increases the velocity of the dust and/or particulates being swept off the surface, which is designated by the direction a in FIG. 25B. The change between high pressure (2511) and low pressure regions (2512) may remove the dust and/or particulates from the surface at a faster rate without adding friction to the surface.

[0115] The cover (2504) may rotate around the brush assembly (2500) when the brush assembly is moving, such that the static bristles (2505) are in contact with the surface being cleaned. The change from high pressure (2511) to low pressure (2512) as the flexed bristles un-flex may also reduce the amount of particulates that remain on the bristles (2502).

[0116] Details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and description. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. Although a number of embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It should also be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various features and basic principles of the invention.