Seabed supported unit and method to provide a shallow water drilling terminal

Abstract

Various embodiments relate to a method and a seabed supported base structure for providing a shallow water drilling terminal, where a prefabricated floating seabed substructure is towed to site, ballasted to rest on the seabed and/or piled to the seabed forming a seabed foundation. The seabed supported base structure is provided with at least one cantilevered unit with openings for drilling of wells, projecting sideways out from the exterior side of a vertical wall, terminated above sea level. A prefabricated floating drilling module provided with an outrigger with sidewise movable drilling device is towed to the site, guided into the seabed substructure through an opening in the wall structure at the periphery of the base structure, ballasted and mated onto the base structure, whereupon wells are drilled from a drilling gear. Upon completed drilling and operation of the wells, the drilling unit is removed and substituted by a production unit.

Claims

1. A seabed supported unit for drilling and production of hydrocarbons, comprising a seabed supported base structure (10) positioned and fixed with respect to a sea bed (11), forming a support for a floatable drilling unit (30) and/or a floatable production unit (50), characterized in that the base structure (10) is provided with buoyancy devices, an upwards extending wall structure (15) extending around the base structure (10) along three sides, thereby leaving an opening (15) along a fourth side of the base structure (10) for introducing the floatable drilling and/or production unit (30, 50), retractably arranged on top of the base structure (10) and within the upwards extending wall structure (15), and the upwards extending wall structure (15) is provided with one or more cantilever units (13) each extending laterally out from an exterior side of the upwards extending wall structure (15), each cantilever unit having prepared well points for drilling of wells (12) and terminating above sea level (25), forming a structurally integrated part with the upwards extending wall structure (15).

2. A seabed supported unit according to claim 1, wherein the base structure (10) has a U-shape and the upwards extending wall structure (15) has straight side surfaces.

3. A seabed supported unit according to claim 2, wherein the prepared well points are openings (23) having walls or casings, configured to enable drilling through.

4. A seabed supported unit according to claim 3, wherein one cantilever unit is arranged on each of three exterior sides of the upwards extending wall structure (15).

5. A seabed supported unit according to claim 2, wherein one cantilever unit is arranged on each of three exterior sides of the upwards extending wall structure (15).

6. A seabed supported unit according to claim 1, wherein one cantilever unit is arranged on each of three exterior sides of the upwards extending wall structure (15).

7. A seabed supported unit according to claim 1, wherein the base structure (10) has perforations for piling (14) through the base structure (10) and/or along the upwards extending wall structure (15) extending from the top of the upwards extending wall structure (15) through the bottom of the upwards extending wall structure (15).

8. A seabed supported unit according to claim 1, wherein the opening (15) in the upwards extending wall structure (15) is closable.

9. A seabed supported unit according to claim 8, wherein the base structure (10) is divided into a number of bulkheads, each having a corresponding bulkhead in the floatable drilling unit (30), and vertical walls of each bulkhead of the base structure (10) forms a structural beam so that vertical forces of the floatable drilling unit (30) are transferred directly into the structural beams of the base structure (10).

10. A seabed supported unit according to claim 1, wherein the floatable drilling unit (30) is provided with an outrigger supporting drilling facilities required for drilling operations, wherein the drilling facilities include a drilling device; the drilling device being moveably arranged on the outrigger.

11. A seabed supported unit according to claim 1, wherein the prepared well points are openings (23) having walls or casings, configured to enable drilling through.

12. A method to provide a shallow water drilling terminal, the method comprising towing at least one prefabricated floating seabed substructure (10) to a site, ballasting and/or piling the at least one prefabricated floating seabed substructure (10) to rest on a seabed (11) towing to the site at least one prefabricated floating drilling module (30) provided with an outrigger with a sidewise movable drilling device, guiding the at least one prefabricated floating drilling module (30) into the seabed substructure (10) through an opening (15) in a wall structure (15) at the periphery of the seabed substructure (10), ballasting and mating the at least one prefabricated floating drilling module (30) onto the seabed substructure (10), and drilling wells (12) with a drilling gear (16) on the outrigger, wherein the wall structure (15) is provided with one or more cantilever units (13) each extending laterally out from an exterior side of the wall structure (15), each cantilever unit having a plurality of prepared well points for drilling through, and the drilling gear (16) is moved sideways on to the outrigger and over each prepared well point in turn to drill the wells.

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising de-ballasting and floating out the at least one prefabricated floating drilling module (30), turning the at least one prefabricated floating drilling module (30) 90 degrees, guiding the at least one prefabricated floating drilling module (30) back into the opening (15) in the seabed substructure (10), and initiating drilling activities at a new location on the seabed supported substructure (10).

14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising de-ballasting and de-berthing of the at least one prefabricated floating drilling module (30), and towing-out and 90 degrees turning and re-berthing of the at least one prefabricated floating drilling module (30), thereby enabling drilling of wells through prepared well points on the cantilever unit extending laterally out from the adjacent exterior side of the wall structure (15) of the seabed substructure (10).

Description

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The device according to the invention can be explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the enclosed figures, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 shows schematically in perspective an embodiment of the base structure and a drilling unit berthed on the base structure, the mated units resting on the sea bed, with the wells on the left cantilever unit being drilled and where the wells on the opposite side is in the process of being drilled;

(3) FIG. 2 shows schematically a side view of the assembled embodiment, shown in FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 shows schematically a base structure towed by a towing vessel to the installation site;

(5) FIG. 4 shows schematically a base structure according to the invention, installed at the installation site, supported by the sea bed by means of a number of piles piled into the sea bed, and with the bottom surface arranged above the sea bed surface;

(6) FIG. 5 shows schematically a top view of the base structure shown in FIG. 3 in piled state;

(7) FIG. 6 shows schematically a drilling unit according to one embodiment of the invention, towed by a towing vessel towards the site with the installed base structure;

(8) FIG. 7 shows schematically the base structure where the drilling unit is in the process of drilling wells through a first cantilevered structure according to the present invention process of berthing the drilling unit shown in FIG. 6 on the base structure;

(9) FIG. 8 shows schematically a top view of the base structure with the berthed drilling unit, where the drilling unit is in the process of drilling wells through a first cantilevered structure according to the present invention;

(10) FIG. 9 shows schematically a top view of the base structure with the berthed drilling unit, where the drilling unit is in the process of drilling wells through a second cantilevered structure according to the present invention;

(11) FIG. 10 shows schematically a top view of the base structure with the berthed drilling unit, where the drilling unit is in the process of drilling wells through a third cantilevered structure according to the present invention;

(12) FIG. 11 shows schematically a top view of the base structure, with the berthed drilling unit removed, also indicated that all the wells have been drilled and completed;

(13) FIG. 12 shows schematically a production unit towed by a towing vessel towards the base structure for berthing;

(14) FIG. 13 shows schematically a top view of the base structure with berthed production unit, indication also all the wells are connected to the production facilities on the production unit;

(15) FIGS. 14 A-C show schematically a plan view from above and from one side of an embodiment of a base structure according to the present invention;

(16) FIGS. 15 A-D show schematically views of an alternative shape of the floating structure to be berthed and possible corresponding modifications to the base structure; and

(17) FIG. 16 shows schematically a view in perspective of an alternative solution where the drilling derrick is arranged on a cantilever rail system, where both the drilling derrick and cantilever rail system also may be rotated around a vertical axis of rotation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSED EMBODIMENTS

(18) The following description of the exemplary embodiment refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings identify the same or similar elements. The following detailed description does not limit the invention. Instead, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. The following embodiments are discussed, for simplicity, with regard to a method for installation of a base structure on a seabed in general and preferably, but not necessarily on a sloped seabed and/or on a seabed with a low bearing capacity; use of a removable drilling unit for drilling the wells to be drilled, berthed on the base structure, where the drilling unit is de-berthed upon completed drilling of the wells on one side of the base structure, towed out and turned 90 degrees and the re-berthed for drilling the well on a second side of the base structure, de berthed, towed out and turned yet another 90 degrees and re-berthed for drilling the wells on the remaining side of the base structure; removal of the drilling unit upon completed drilling operations; and berthing a production and storage unit for production of hydrocarbons from the completed wells.

(19) Reference throughout the specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the subject matter disclosed. Thus, the appearance of the phrases in one embodiment or in an embodiment in various places throughout the specification is not necessarily referring to the same embodiment.

(20) The key area for the invention is to provide a quick and safe installation of the storage module with topside equipment for production of hydrocarbon where the base structure is stably and rigidly supported during the piling operation of the permanent piles and when adequately piled, serving as a berthing station for a removable drilling unit and subsequently a production unit. This is the costly part (90-95%) of the entire installation. By having a pre-installed base foundation, which is stabilized at least by means of piles and leveled in advance to the seabed, and then berthing a drilling unit for drilling wells on three sides of the base structure and subsequently replacing the drilling unit with a production unit, then the time taken from discovery of hydrocarbons till start-up of production of hydrocarbons may be minimized considerably, making the field more profitable.

(21) In addition, the present invention offers the possibility of establishing a seabed terminal on different soil conditions in an expedient manner. The density, composition, consolidation and topography of seabed soil may vary significantly for one seabed location to another. This will have direct impact on the load bearing capacity of the seabed soil, and hence the possibility to find a predictable and reliable foundation solution for a seabed structure which shall be supported by the seabed. According to one embodiment, the based foundation may be in the form of a semi-submersible floating body, piled to the seabed. In this case the base substructure can be ballasted as a semi submersible structure and piled to the seabed through the base structure and possibly, but not necessary, the wall structure of the seabed substructure. It is important in these cases to have an efficient transfer of vertical structural forces, it is an advantage that the main structural beams of the base structure and the storage module has mirrored structural interfaces. This means that vertical forces from the bulkheads storage module are preferably transferred directly into the main structural beams of the base structure and into the piling structure and to the seabed. Tests has shown that the piled seabed substructure must tolerate and stand a weight of 100 000-120 000 tons.

(22) FIG. 1 shows schematically in perspective an embodiment of the base structure 10 and a drilling unit 30 berthed on the base structure 10, the mated units resting on the sea bed 11, with the wells 12 on the left cantilever unit 13 being drilled and where the wells 12 on the opposite side is in the process of being drilled. The base structure is stably fixed to the sea bed 11 by means of a number of piles. The piles and their fixtures to the base structure 10 may be as described in applicants' co-pending application no. PCT/NO2015/050156, filed on September 8, said PCT application hereby being included by the reference with respect to the piles, their fixture to the base structure and the method for establishing stable support of the base structure 10 to the sea bed 11. Reference is also made to the applicants' co-pending Norwegian application no. NO 2016/0518, filed on Apr. 1, 2016 regarding the method and system for piling the base structure 10 to the sea bed 11. It should be appreciated that both the base structure 10 and the drilling unit are configured in such way that these two units are floatable and having devices for controlling the stability, such devices being well known to the skilled person and shall not be described in further detail.

(23) As indicated in FIG. 1, the drilling unit 30 is provided with a drilling rig 16, a helideck 17, living quarter 18, cranes 19 and storage areas for storing casings 20 to form a part of the wells 12 to be drilled. It should be appreciated that the drilling rig 16 is movably arranged both in and out and in transverse direction.

(24) The base structure 10 is provided with a system (not shown) for ballasting and is preferably made from steel, although also other materials can also be used such as concrete. It should be appreciated that the drilling unit 30 and the production unit 50 according to the present invention also may be provided with means, such as loading systems, cranes, winches etc. on top of the storage module. When either the drilling unit 30 or the production unit 50 arrives at the site, it is mated with the seabed substructure or base structure 10. During this mating operation, the floating module is maneuvered in through the opening at one end of the base structure and in between the two parallel upwards extending side wall structures 15. The floating unit 30 or 50 is guided on top of the base structure 10, within the wall structure 15. The floating unit 30 or 50 is the ballasted so that it rests stably on the base structure 10, forming a seabed assembled unit.

(25) FIG. 2 shows schematically a side view of the assembled embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, showing the drilling unit 30 in berthed state on the base structure 10.

(26) FIG. 3 shows schematically the base structure 10 towed by a towing vessel 21 to the installation site, while FIG. 4 shows schematically the base structure 10, installed at the installation site, supported by the sea bed 11 by means of a number of piles 14, driven into the sea bed 11 soil, and with its bottom surface arranged above the sea bed 11 surface. Moreover, the Figure also indicates that the base structure 10 is provided with cantilevered units 13, extending outwards from the side walls 15 on three sides of the base structure 10, the fourth side being open to enable the drilling unit 30 to be maneuvered into the base structure and berthed in between the three vertical walls 15 of the base structure 10. It should be noted that the cantilevered units form an integrated part of the vertical wall structure 15, configured to take the appearing loads, forces and moments occurring. Moreover, the cantilevered units are provided with holes or ducts 23, extending through the cantilever units 13 for receiving the drill strings and the casings used as part of the drilling operations.

(27) According to the embodiment shown in the FIGS. 1 to 4, the cantilevered units 13 are provided with a skewed bottom plate, the bottom plate or surface of the cantilevered units 13 being inclined outwards and upwards from its fixture on the side wall 15.

(28) The seabed substructure 10 may be provided with a bottom structure (not shown) and with an upward extending wall structure 15 arranged along at least a part of the periphery of the base structure 10. The wall structure 15 forms an integrated part of the bottom structure, together forming a base structure 10. Both the bottom structure and wall structure 15 are provided with buoyancy devices (not shown). Such buoyancy means may be in the form of tanks and compartments in the bottom structure and in the upwards extending wall structure 15. The upwards extending walls 15 extend along three sides of the base structure 10, thereby providing an opening in the wall structure for introducing a floatable drilling or production unit 30, 50 in over the bottom structure. The drilling and production units 30, 50 are removably arranged on the base structure 10 within the wall structure 15, said units together forming a drilling or production seabed unit 30, 50.

(29) The seabed substructure 10 is floating and has means for ballasting (not shown) and is intended to be placed on or just above the seabed 11, supported by a number of piles 14 or optionally, also resting on the seabed 11 due to gravity, fixed by means of piles. The upward extending wall structure 15 of the substructure 10 has perforations or ducts/sleeves through the wall structure for optional and/or additional piling, and also there are perforations in the base structure 10 for receipt of piles 14. The ducts and accessories for receiving the piles 14 will be described in further details below. A vessel (not shown) with machines and tools for piling is moored next to the wall structure 15 to perform the piling operations. As indicated in FIG. 1, piles 14 are arranged both in longitudinal and transverse direction along the foot of the three walls along the submerged front beam beneath the opening of the base structure 10, and along the internal walls 15 forming the upwards open compartments 23. In such a way the entire footprint or at least parts of the footprint may be provided with piles for supporting the base structure 10 properly. The number of piles 14 used and their position, diameter and length depend on the weight to be supported and on the seabed soil condition.

(30) An advantage according to the present invention is that the seabed substructure 10, constituting a part of the seabed unit 30 for floating modules, such as a floatable LNG storage unit or barge according to the invention, can be lowered down to installed offshore or near shore, be removed, be moved and be replaced to form new individual configurations as required using known techniques.

(31) FIG. 5 shows schematically a top view of the base structure 10 shown in FIG. 3 in piled state. As shown the base structure 10 is piled to the sea bed by means of piles 14 along its entire periphery. Moreover as shown, the base structure 10 is provided with a cantilevered unit 13 arranged on each of the three side walls 15, with the fourth side being provided with an opening 15 dimensioned and configured to allow the drilling unit 30 or the production unit 50 to be floated in and rest on a submerged bottom slab or beam 24 extending internally around the periphery of the wall structure 15, 15.

(32) FIG. 6 shows schematically a drilling unit 30 being towed by a towing vessel 21 and towing lines 22 towards the installed base structure 10 for berthing, while FIG. 7 shows schematically a stage where drilling unit 30 is in the process of being berthed inside the designed U-shaped berth of the base structure 10.

(33) FIG. 8 shows schematically a top view of the base structure 10 with the berthed drilling unit 30, where the drilling unit 30 is in the process of drilling wells 12 through a first cantilevered structure 13, i.e. the cantilever unit 13 on the left side of the drawing. As indicated the drilling rig 16 are moveably arranged from a retracted position on the drilling unit 30 to a position extending outwards and also sideways over the holes or openings 23 on the cantilevered unit 13.

(34) FIG. 9 shows schematically a top view of the base structure with the berthed drilling unit, where the drilling unit is in the process of drilling wells through a second cantilevered structure according to the present invention. In order to arrive from the drilling position shown in FIG. 8 to the drilling position shown in FIG. 9, the drilling unit 30 is de-ballasted so it becomes floating, and then is maneuvered out from its berthing inside the base structure 10, turned 90 degrees around and maneuvered back into its berthing position inside the base structure 10 and the ballasted again to become stably supported by the base structure 10. The drilling rig 16 is then brought to a drilling position over the second cantilevered unit 13. It should be noted that the openings marked with black colour on the cantilevered unit 13 to the left on FIG. 9, represent completed wells 12, awaiting connection to a production facility. It should be appreciated that such wells may at this stage be provided with blowout preventor (BOP) stacks and wellheads, etc.

(35) FIG. 10 shows schematically a top view of the base structure 10 with the berthed drilling unit 30, where the drilling unit 30 is in the process of drilling wells 12 through a third cantilevered structure 13 according to the present invention. Again, change of position from the second cantilevered unit 13 to the third cantilevered unit 13 is performed as described above.

(36) FIG. 11 shows schematically a top view of the base structure 10, with the berthed drilling unit removedAs indicated all the wells 12 have now been drilled and completed.

(37) FIG. 12 shows schematically a production unit 50 towed by a towing vessel towards the base structure 10 for berthing and hook-up with the various drilled and completed wells 12, while FIG. 13 shows schematically a top view of the base structure 10 with berthed production unit 50, indicating also that all of the wells 12 are connected to the production facilities on the production unit 50.

(38) FIGS. 14 A-C show schematically a plan view from above and from one side of an embodiment of a base structure 10 according to the present invention. The base structure is provided with three cantilevered parts 13 as described above and with a berthing space being U-shaped with a curved end part 28 and straight wings 27, extending out from the end part 28, also forming sideways protection. The base structure 10 is installed on the seabed 11, mounted on piles 14, the bottom slab of the base structure 10 being positioned above the seabed 11. FIG. 14A shows an embodiment where the base structure 10 is given a rectangular shape, while FIG. 14B shows an embodiment where the base structure is configured to receive a floating structure 30 with a circular or polygonal cross sectional area. FIG. 14C shows a vertical view, seen in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 14B.

(39) Once the base structure is installed and securely piled to the seabed, a jacket platform or a jack-up platform may be installed beside the base structure 10, reducing even further the time taken before drilling operations may start and subsequent production of hydrocarbons may be initiated. In such case the floating module to be berthed inside the base structure may be a production module, possibly also with an additional work-over drilling equipment.

(40) FIGS. 15 A-D show schematically views of an alternative shape of the floating structure 30 to be berthed and possible corresponding modifications to the base structure 10, corresponding to the one disclosed for example in FIG. 14A. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the floating unit 30 has a horizontal cross section with a circular or round shape. Otherwise the deck configuration may be configured in a manner corresponding to the embodiments described above. The drilling rig may be of a type that may be skidded out on a cantilever to come in position over the preinstall drilling casings in the cantilever unit 13. Once the wells have been drilled through the cantilever unit 13 shown in FIG. 15A, the floating unit is de-ballasted so it becomes floating, towed out and turned 90 degrees and moved back to the base and ballasted, whereupon drilling through the preinstalled drilling casings in the cantilevered unit 13 may start, ref. FIG. 15B. The same sequence is repeated for establishing wells in the last of the three cantilevered units 13, ref. FIG. 15C.

(41) It should be appreciated that the mating or berthing procedure for mating or berthing the drilling unit 30 or the production unit 50 may be as follows:

(42) The drilling or production/storage module 30, 50 is floating and has means for ballasting (not shown) and is preferably made from steel, although also other materials can also be used such as concrete. It should be appreciated that the respective module 30, 50 according to the present invention also may be provided with means, such as loading systems, cranes, winches etc. on top of the storage module. When the unit 30, 50 arrives at the site, it is mated with the seabed base structure 10 supported by the seabed 11. During this mating operation, the floating unit 30, 50 is maneuvered in through the opening 15 and in between the two parallel upwards extending side wall structures 15. The wall structure 15 of the seabed base structure 10 is extending up above the water surface 25 and the unit 30, 50 is ballasted until the floating unit 30, 50 is positioned on top of the bottom beam/slab 24 on the base structure 10, within the wall structure 15. The unit 30, 50 is the ballasted so that module 30, 50 rests stably on the base of the seabed substructure 10, forming a seabed assembled unit.

(43) FIG. 16 shows schematically a view in perspective of an alternative solution where the drilling rig 16 is arranged on a cantilever rail system 26, where both the drilling rig 16 and cantilever rail system 26 also may be rotated around a vertical axis of rotation, so that instead of floating the drilling unit 30 out and turning 90 degrees in order to be able to drill at a second cantilever unit 13 (not shown in FIG. 16), the drilling unit 30 may be maintained in its initial position, while the drilling rig 16 and the rail system 26 may be rotated in either two of the directions indicated by the arrow 27. Instead of moving out and in in linear direction on a rail system, the drilling derrick may be skidded out and in.

(44) It should be appreciated that the wells piles may extend vertically down into the seabed or, they may be arranged inclined with respect to the vertical, either in same direction, inwards or outwards, or a combination of the same. Moreover, directional drilling may be performed from the drilling unit 30.

(45) It should be noted that although the disclosed seabed structure is given a rectangular footprint, the shape of the base structure may have a circular, U-shaped or polygonal footprint without thereby deviating from the inventive concept. Moreover, the shape of the berthing area may be given a shape complementary to the shape of the floating module to be berthed, or vice versa.

(46) The drilling rig may be skidded along the cantilever or moved on rails or the like, enabling movement both in longitudinal and/or transverse direction.

(47) The helideck and/or the crane on the drilling module (30) should preferably be positioned at a corner in order to avoid conflict, preferably at opposite or adjacent corners.