Composition of and nozzle for spraying a single-component polyurethane foam

Abstract

A composition for a single-component polyurethane foam and a nozzle for spraying the same. The composition comprising a polyurethane pre-polymer dissolved in liquid hydrocarbons, wherein the polyurethane pre-polymer further comprises polyethers or polyesters, wherein at least one of the polyethers or polyesters is a diol with an average functionality =2, a hydroxyl value within 35-180 mg KOH/g, and with an acid value not exceeding 0.2 mg KOH/g. The single-component polyurethane foam composition being sprayable onto a surface at a rate of 6 to 10 grams/second from the nozzle of the present invention wherein a coating depth of up to 30-55 mm is obtained over a 1 m.sup.2 surface after one minute of product application. The nozzle of the present invention comprising design features to produce a cone-shaped spray pattern of the foamable product.

Claims

1. A dispensing system for spraying pressurized foamable material, comprising: a. a composition of a single-component polyurethane foam, comprising: i. a diol with a hydroxyl number between about 35 and about 180; ii. a triol with a hydroxyl number between about 338 and about 480; iii. a fire-retarding agent; iv. a silicone stabilizer; v. a catalyst comprising 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether; vi. a polyisocyanate (MDI, NCO %=about 30.5% to about 32%); vii. a dimethyl ether; viii. propane; ix. isobutane; and x. 1,1-difluoroethane; xi. wherein, if present, water volume within the diol is less than 0.8 wt. %; b. a nozzle for spraying the composition of a single-component polyurethane foam comprising: i. a pressure chamber having a proximate end and distal end with a generally circular bore therebetween, the circular bore having a diameter; ii. a discharge tube having a central axis, a proximate end, and terminating at a distal end that terminates in a discharge orifice in the form of a circular shape, the discharge tube having a diameter less than half the diameter of the circular bore; iii. a nozzle head immediately adjacent to the pressure chamber comprising an inwardly angled front wall and an inwardly angled rear wall that form a V-shape and intersect with and cut through a portion of the discharge orifice and forming an acute angle that has a bisecting angle, such that the bisecting angle is 45 degrees from the central axis of the discharge tube, wherein the rear wall has a length that is greater than a length of the front wall, iv. wherein the discharge tube is exposed to the generally circular bore of the pressure chamber and in fluid communication with the distal end of the generally circular bore of the pressure chamber, and c. a pressurized container attachable to the nozzle, wherein the pressurized container contains the composition of a single-component polyurethane foam to be sprayed from the nozzle.

2. The dispensing system for spraying pressurized foamable material according to claim 1, wherein the bisecting angle is approximately 35 to 55 degrees from the central axis of the discharge tube.

3. The dispensing system for spraying pressurized foamable material according to claim 1, wherein the bisecting angle is 45 degrees from the central axis of the discharge tube.

4. The dispensing system for spraying pressurized foamable material according to claim 3, wherein the acute angle is approximately 45 to 75 degrees.

5. The dispensing system for spraying pressurized foamable material according to claim 4, wherein the acute angle is approximately 60 degrees.

6. The dispensing system for spraying pressurized foamable material according to claim 5, wherein a. the diol has a hydroxyl number between about 95 and about 115 is at 14.8 wt. %; b. the triol is at 7.44 wt %; c. the fire-retarding agent is at 8.88 wt %; d. the silicone stabilizer is at 0.9 wt %; e. the 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is at 0.42 wt %; f. the polyisocyanate is at 42.7 wt %; g. the dimethyl ether is at 3.88 wt %; h. the propane is at 4.17 wt %; i. the Isobutane is at 9.7 wt %; and j. the 1,1-difluoroethane is at 7.11 wt %.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein when the composition is sprayed, the composition is sprayed in a cone-shaped pattern.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of an exemplary method of production of the composition of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional side view of the nozzle for spraying the composition of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the nozzle for spraying the composition of the present invention.

(4) FIG. 4 shows a side view of the nozzle for spraying the composition and the spray pattern of the present invention.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a top view of the nozzle for spraying the composition of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(6) The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawing is intended as a description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present invention may be constructed or utilized. The description sets forth the functions and the sequence of steps for constructing and operating the invention in connection with the illustrated embodiments. It is to be understood. however, that the same or equivalent functions and sequences may be accomplished by different embodiments that are also intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention.

(7) Unless otherwise stated, the following terms as used herein have the following definitions.

(8) Hydroxyl number of a polyol refers to the concentration of hydroxyl groups, per unit weight of the polyol, that are able to react with isocyanate groups. Hydroxyl number is reported as mg KOH/g, and is measured according to the standard ASTM D 1638.

(9) The average functionality, or average hydroxyl functionality of a polyol indicates the number of OH groups per molecule, on average. The average functionality of an isocyanate refers to the number of NCO groups per molecule, on average.

(10) The meaning of the term isocyanate prepolymer includes but is not limited to comprising a mixed polyisocyanate and a polyol in a liquid state.

(11) The meaning of the term polyisocyanate includes but is not limited to di or higher isocyanates. The meaning of the term polyol includes, but is not limited to, mixtures of polyol and any polyol that can react in a known fashion with an isocyanate in preparing polyurethane foam. A polyol typically contains more than one hydroxyl group, wherein molecules that contain two hydroxyl groups are diols and those that contain three hydroxyl groups are triols, etc.

(12) The meaning of the term container refers to a pressurized container such as a pressurized spray can or pressured spray canister, or like device.

(13) The term single-component is defined to contrast the prior art two-component polyurethane foam, which hardens by a chemical reaction of a resin and hardener, more specifically a reaction between methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and glycols that takes place directly during the spraying process. The single-component aspect of the polyurethane foam, although it comprises multiple components/ingredients, refers to the main reaction of polymerization of polyisocyanate and polyol forming an isocyanate prepolymer inside a container, which then hardens through reacting with ambient moisture in the atmosphere.

(14) A single-component polyurethane foam may comprise an isocyanate prepolymer filled into a pressurized spray canister or spray can together with at least one blowing agent or hydrocarbon propellant. A user then, for example, may bring the isocyanate prepolymer out of the pressurized spray canister, while the components of the isocyanate prepolymer cure by cross-linking during reaction with ambient moisture.

(15) The invention accordingly relates to a single-component polyurethane foam comprising at least one polyester or polyether, wherein at least one of them must be a diol with an average functionality =2, and therefore a linear polymer formed by polymerizing (i.e., a thermoplastic), a hydroxyl value between about 35-180 mg KOH/g, water within the polyester, if present, with volume less than 0.80 wt. %, a pH value of the polyester between about 4-8.5, an acid value below or equal to 0.2 mg KOH/g, and a propellant or blowing agent, preferably hydrocarbon-based and of an alkaline type having the formula C.sub.nH.sub.(2n+2) (n being equal to or between 2 and 5).

(16) The functionality of a monomer molecule is the number of functional groups that participate in the polymerization. Monomers with functionality greater than two will introduce branching into a polymer, and the degree of polymerization will depend on the average functionality fav per monomer unit.

Example

(17) In the preferred embodiment, the one-component polyurethane pre-polymer composition comprises:

(18) TABLE-US-00001 Parts by Components Weight a diol with a hydroxyl number between 14.8 wt. % about 75 and about 135 a triol with a hydroxyl number between 7.44 wt. % about 240 and about 260 a fire-retarding agent tri-chloroethyl 8.88 wt. % phosphate a silicone stabilizer 0.9 wt. % a DMDLS or DMDEE catalyst for 0.42 wt. % foams or their mix a polyisocyanate (MDI, NCO % = about 42.7 wt. % 30.5% to about 32%) a dimethyl ether 3.88 wt. % a propane 4.17 wt. % An Isobutane 9.7 wt. % Freon 152 7.11 wt. %

(19) Herein, the weight percentages combining to total 100%, with water volume within the polymer, if present, to be less than 0.1%.

(20) The single-component polyurethane foam may be prepared by mixing the following components into a mixed collective component in a reactor (S1):

(21) a, preferably 14.8 wt. %, diol with a hydroxyl number between about 75 and about 135,

(22) a, preferably 7.44 wt %, triol with a hydroxyl number between about 150 and about 480,

(23) a, preferably 8.88 wt %, tire-retarding agent tri-chloroethyl phosphate,

(24) a, preferably 0.9 wt %, silicone stabilizer, and

(25) a, preferably 0.42 wt %, DMDLS or DMDEE catalyst for foams or their mix.

(26) Afterwards, the mixed collective component is introduced into the container (S2) and polymeric MDI and all other gaseous components are introduced separately into the container (S3).

(27) Experimental results show that the composition of the present invention is an improvement over the prior art because it allows to form a cone-shaped stream, while retaining all of the product's qualities (adhesiveness, structural uniformity, eco-friendliness, etc.) Hence, the present invention is the first one-component polyurethane foam, which has functionality of two-component polyurethane foams in that it is able form a wide cone-shaped stream.

(28) Further, the chemical composition, comprising polyurethane pre-polymer dissolved in liquid hydrocarbons, or other volatile polar solvents, would be in a suspended condition wherein the polymer would be exposed with the gases, namely the hydrocarbon propellant matching the formula C.sub.nH.sub.(2n+2) (n being equal to or between 2 and 5), or any combination of such hydrocarbons. The volume of the gases must be considerably larger than pre-polymer in the system, and must compound to more than 20 wt. %. Further, in the preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon is a halogenoalkane gas, which not only participates in foaming and formation of a spongy polymer, but also plays a role in spreading the polymer homogeneously over a surface from the distance.

(29) Further, the composition is suitable for use for general insulation purposes, particularly well-suited to be sprayed from a pressurized container, such as a spray can. With a suitable nozzle, the foam composition of the present invention can be sprayed over a surface with a capacity of 1 m.sup.2/minute, at a flow rate of the spray of approximately 6 grams per second to approximately 10 grams per second, and gaining a thickness of the coated layer up to 30-50 mm, at typical spray can operating pressures of about 3.5 to 12 atm.

(30) The round slot-shaped orifice allows the polymer to be sprayed over a surface in one very smooth layer; and so that after the final foaming, which takes place not earlier than 15 minutes after spraying, the layer will be smooth and uniform. Other geometrical configurations of the orifice can cause irregularities to the sprayed layer on a surface, which may lead to excessive consumption of product from the spraying system. Further, the viscosity of the product may be varied as necessary to allow the product to be sprayed from spray equipment operating with greater or smaller orifice openings and/or at higher or lower internal pressures.

(31) With reference to FIGS. 2-5, a nozzle 100 of the present invention includes a pressure chamber 102 having a proximate end 104 and distal end 106 with a generally circular bore 108 therebetween. The circular bore has a diameter. Immediately adjacent the pressure chamber 102 is a nozzle head 103. In fluid communication with the distal end 106 of the generally circular bore 108 of the pressure chamber 102 is a discharge tube 110, having a diameter 121 and a proximate end 112, which is exposed to the generally circular bore 108 of the pressure chamber 102. The discharge tube 110, having a central axis 101, terminates at a distal end 114, which terminates at a round slot-shaped discharge orifice 116. The diameter 121 of the discharge tube 110. is less than half the diameter of the circular bore 108.

(32) In the exemplary embodiment, formed into the nozzle head 103 are inwardly angled v-shaped walls 118 (see FIG. 3), forming a 60 degree angle that has a bisecting angle 105. The inwardly angled v-shaped walls 118 comprise a front wall and a rear wall and intersect with and cut through a portion of the round slot-shaped discharge orifice 116, such that the bisecting angle 105 is 45 degrees from the central axis 101 of the discharge tube 110. The rear wall has a length that is greater than a length of the front wall. Accordingly, the length 122 of the round slot shaped orifice 116 corresponds to the diameter 121 of the discharge tube 110.

(33) As shown in FIG. 4, the shape of the round slot-shaped discharge orifice 116 allows foamable product to be dispensed from the pressurized source of sprayable foam material in a cone-shaped pattern 120. The length 122 of the round slot-shaped discharge orifice 116 tends to control the effective length 124 of the cone-shaped spray pattern 120. The width 126 of the round slot-shaped discharge orifice 116 tends to control the width 128 of the spray pattern 120.

(34) Experimentation has shown that the nozzle 100 having a round slot-shaped orifice 116 helps the foam achieve a uniform structure. Experimentation has further shown that the length 122 of the round slot-shaped orifice 116 should ideally be approximately 1.1 mm to approximately 3.5 mm, or ideally at 2 mm.

(35) Experimental results have shown that the polyurethane foam composition of the present invention when loaded in a spray can with an operating pressure of 3.5 to 12 atm and equipped with the nozzle 100 of the present invention provides structural uniformity in the sprayed foam, as well as high adhesiveness, such that the sprayed foam could not be easily removed from a surface. Further, experimental results also show that, when the nozzle 100 of the present invention is used with other one-component polyurethane compositions, the following results are obtained:

(36) When other one-component polyurethane compositions' foams are cut in half, they have ununiformed structuresthere were big and small holes.

(37) Half of the other one-component polyurethane compositions' foams were spraying tiny streams (unlike the foam of the present invention that comes out in a wide cone), and the other half of the one-component polyurethane compositions' foams hardly came out at all.

(38) All other one-component polyurethane compositions' foams had low adhesiveness, such that we could easily remove the sprayed foams from a surface (unlike the foam of the present invention that could not be removed from the surface without equipment).

(39) The maximum thickness of the coating layer of all other one-component polyurethane compositions' foams was approximately 1 cm (while thickness of the coating layer of the foam of the present invention reached up to approximately 5 cm).