MULTI-AZIRIDINE COMPOUND

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-aziridine compound having: a) at least 2 of the following structural units (A) whereby R.sub.1 is H; R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are independently chosen from H, a linear group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, a branched or cyclic group containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, phenyl, benzyl, or pyridinyl; R.sub.3 is chosen from a linear group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, a branched or cyclic group containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, phenyl, benzyl, or pyridinyl; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 (in case R.sub.2 is different than H) may be part of the same cyclic group containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; R′ and R″ are independently H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) a molecular weight of at least 600 Daltons, wherein the molecular weight is determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry according to the description.

Claims

1. A multi-aziridine compound having: a) at least 2 of the following structural units (A): ##STR00037## whereby R.sub.1 is H; R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are independently chosen from H, a linear group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, a branched or cyclic group containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, phenyl, benzyl, or pyridinyl; R.sub.3 is chosen from a linear group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, a branched or cyclic group containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, phenyl, benzyl, or pyridinyl; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 (in case R.sub.2 is different than H) may be part of the same cyclic group containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; R′ and R″ are independently H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, whereby all structural units (A) are connected, through the carbon termini of the respective units (A), to at least one other structural unit (A) by a O-terminated fragment or a N-terminated fragment, whereby a O-terminated fragment is the fragment obtained by removing the H atom of at least 2 hydroxyl groups on a polyol, and a N-terminated fragment is the fragment obtained by removing one H atom of at least 2 amine groups on a polyamine or by removing both H atoms of a compound containing one NH.sub.2 functionality; and b) a molecular weight of from 600 to 20000 Daltons, wherein the molecular weight is determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as described in the description.

2. The multi-aziridine compound according claim 1, in which all structural units (A) are connected, through the carbon termini of the respective units (A), to at least one other structural unit (A) by a O-terminated fragment.

3. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 2, in which in which all structural units (A) are connected, through the carbon termini of the respective units (A), to one other structural unit (A) by a divalent residue.

4. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1, in which all structural units (A) are connected, through the nitrogen termini of the respective units (A), to at least one other structural unit (A) by a polyisocyanate residue.

5. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 4, in which in which all structural units (A) are connected, through the nitrogen termini of the respective units (A), to one other structural unit (A) by a diisocyanate residue.

6. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1, wherein R.sub.2 is H, R.sub.3 is CH.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is H.

7. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1, wherein R′ and R″ are H.

8. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1, wherein the multi-aziridine compound contains 2 to 10 structural units (A), preferably 2 to 4 structural units (A).

9. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1, wherein the multi-aziridine compound has a molecular weight of at least 800 Daltons, more preferably at least 840 Daltons, even more preferably at least 1000 Daltons and preferably at most 10000 Daltons, more preferably at most 5000 Daltons.

10. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1, wherein the multi-aziridine compound is obtained by reacting at least a polyisocyanate and a compound (B) with the following structural formula:
ZD].sub.n Whereby n is an integer equal to or larger than 2, Z is an n-valent radical or a mixture of n-valent radicals and D has the following structural formula: ##STR00038## whereby the molar ratio of moiety D to isocyanate moieties on polyisocyanates is from 0.5 to 2, and whereby R′, R″, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are defined as in claim 1.

11. The multi-aziridine compound according to 10, wherein the polyisocyanate is a polyisocyanate with aliphatic reactivity in which all of the isocyanate groups are directly bonded to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups, irrespective of whether aromatic hydrocarbon groups are also present.

12. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 11, wherein the polyisocyanate is a diisocyanate.

13. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 10, wherein the Z is a divalent radical (n=2) and ZD].sub.n is according to the following formula: ##STR00039##

14. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 12, wherein the diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4′-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (all isomers) and any mixture thereof.

15. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 10, wherein compound (B) is obtained by reacting at least a n-functional polyepoxide compound with an aziridine with the following structural formula: ##STR00040## whereby R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are defined as in claim 10.

16. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 15, wherein the n-functional polyepoxide is a difunctional polyepoxide compound.

17. The multi-aziridine compound according to claim 15, wherein the n-functional polyepoxide is selected from the group consisting of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (CAS 1675-54-3), Hydrogenated Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (CAS 30583-72-3), Neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether (CAS 17557-23-2), butanediol diglycidyl ether (CAS 2425-79-8), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (CAS 2224-15-9), 1,6-Hexanediol diglycidyl ether (CAS 16096-31-4), polypropyleneglycol diglycidyl ether (CAS 26142-30-3), Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (CAS 72207-80-8) and any mixture thereof.

18. A crosslinker composition comprising at least one multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1, and further comprising at least one additional component.

19. The crosslinker composition according to claim 18, wherein the amount of aziridinyl group functional molecules having a molecular weight lower than 580 Daltons is lower than 5 wt. %, preferably lower than 2 wt %, more preferably lower than 1 wt %., more preferably lower than 0.5 wt %, more preferably lower than 0.1 wt %, relative to the total weight of the crosslinker composition, whereby the molecular weight is determined using LC-MS as described in the description.

20. The crosslinker composition according to claim 18, wherein the crosslinker composition is an aqueous dispersion comprising particles of the multi-aziridine compound.

21. The crosslinker composition according to claim 18, wherein the aqueous dispersion has a pH in the range from 9.5 to 11.5.

22. A two-component system comprising a first component and a second component each of which is separate and distinct from each other and wherein the first component comprises a carboxylic acid functional polymer dissolved and/or dispersed in an aqueous medium, whereby the carboxylic acid functional polymer contains carboxylic acid groups and/or carboxylate groups and the second component comprises a multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1 or the crosslinker composition.

23. An aqueous coating composition comprising dispersed particles X of the multi-aziridine compound according to claim 1, and carboxylic-acid functional polymer particles Y, whereby the carboxylic acid functional polymer contains carboxylic acid groups and/or carboxylate groups, and whereby the aqueous coating composition having a pH ranging from 8 to 14, with the proviso that particles X neither comprise carboxylic-acid functional polymer nor other compounds crosslinkable with the multi-aziridine compound as defined herein and particles Y neither comprise multi-aziridine compound nor other compounds crosslinkable with the carboxylic acid functionality of the carboxylic acid functional polymer.

24. The aqueous coating composition according to claim 23, wherein the carboxylic acid functional polymer has an acid value of from 2 to 135 mg KOH/gram of the carboxylic acid functional polymer, more preferably from 3 to 70 mg KOH/g carboxylic acid functional polymer, even more preferably from 10 to 50 mg KOH/g carboxylic acid functional polymer and even more preferably from 15 to 50 mg KOH/g carboxylic acid functional polymer.

25. The aqueous coating composition according to claim 23, wherein the aqueous coating composition is self-crosslinkable.

Description

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1: SYNTHESIS OF WATERBORNE POLYURETHANE POLYMER P1

[0241] A 1 L flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 29.9 grams of dimethylolpropionic acid, 282.1 grams of a polypropylene glycol with an average Mn of 2000 Da (with an OH-value of 55.5 mg KOH/g polymer), 166.5 grams of a polypropylene glycol with an average Mn of 1000 Da (with an OH-value of 110 mg KOH/g polymer) and 262.8 grams of isophorone diisocyanate. The reaction mixture was placed under N.sub.2 atmosphere, heated to 50° C. and 0.07 g of dibutyltin dilaurate was added. The mixture was allowed to exotherm and kept at 95° C. for 1 hour. The NCO content of the resultant urethane prepolymer was 7.00% on solids (theoretically 7.44%). The prepolymer was cooled down to 60° C. and TEA (18.7 grams) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. A dispersion of the resultant prepolymer was made by feeding this entire prepolymer to a mixture of 1100 grams of demineralized water, 19.5 grams of nonylphenol ethoxylate 9 eo and 4.0 grams of triethylamine at room temperature in 60 minutes. After the feed was completed, the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and hydrazine (16% solution in water, 111.2 grams) was added. The dispersion was stirred for a further 1 h.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2: SYNTHESIS OF WATERBORNE ACRYLIC POLYMER A1

[0242] A 2 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with sodium lauryl sulphate (30% solids in water, 18.6 grams of solution) and demineralized water (711 grams). The reactor phase was placed under N.sub.2 atmosphere and heated to 82° C. A mixture of demineralized water (112 grams), sodium lauryl sulphate (30% solids in water, 37.2 grams of solution), methyl methacrylate (209.3 grams), n-butyl acrylate (453.56 grams) and methacrylic acid (34.88 grams) was placed in a large feeding funnel and emulsified with an overhead stirrer (monomer feed). Ammonium persulphate (1.75 grams) was dissolved in demineralized water (89.61 grams) and placed in a small feeding funnel (initiator feed). Ammonium persulphate (1.75 grams) was dissolved in demineralized water (10.5 grams), and this solution was added to the reactor phase. Immediately afterwards, 5% by volume of the monomer feed was added to the reactor phase. The reaction mixture then exothermed to 85° C. and was kept at 85° C. for 5 minutes. Then, the residual monomer feed and the initiator feed were fed to the reaction mixture over 90 minutes, maintaining a temperature of 85° C. After completion of the feeds, the monomer feed funnel was rinsed with demineralized water (18.9 grams) and reaction temperature maintained at 85° C. for 45 minutes. Subsequently, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and brought to pH=7.2 with ammonia solution (6.25 wt. % in demineralized water), and brought to 40% solids with further demineralized water.

Example 1

[0243] A 2 L round bottom flask equipped with a condenser was placed under a N.sub.2 atmosphere and charged with toluene (250 gram), propylene imine (325 gram), Bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether (387 gram) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (10.0 gram) and heated to 70° C. in 30 min, after which the mixture was stirred for 19 h at T=70° C. After filtration the excess of PI was removed in vacuo, followed by further purification via vacuum distillation, resulting in a whitish solid.

[0244] A 500 mL round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was placed under a N.sub.2 atmosphere and charged with the Bisphenol A-PI intermediate prepared as described above (42.72 gram), n-butanol (27.86 gram), m-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (91.83 gram) and 50.00 grams of acetone. The resulting mixture was heated to 60° C., after which bismuth neodecanoate (0.02 gram) was added. The mixture was kept at 60° C. using a water bath during exotherm, followed by stirring for 2 hours at 60° C. Samples were taken at regular intervals and the reaction progress was monitored using a Bruker Alpha FT-IR spectrometer until no change in NCO-stretch at 2200-2300 cm.sup.−1 was observed. Subsequently, 37.59 grams of Voranol™ P-400 was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was then further reacted to complete disappearance of aforementioned NCO-stretch peak, and then 25.00 grams of acetone were added to dilute the reaction mixture. Finally, solvent was evaporated to yield a highly viscous yellowish liquid.

[0245] The calculated molecular weights of the theoretical main components was 1090.67 Da (no PPG chain) and 1817.14 Da (one PPG chain with 9 PO units); chemical structures are shown below.

##STR00021##

[0246] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=1113.16 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=1113.60 Da.

##STR00022##

[0247] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=1840.13 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=1840.08 Da.

[0248] The following components with a mass below 580 Da were determined by LC-MS and quantified:

##STR00023##

[0249] was present in the composition at less than 0.01 wt. %.

[0250] Genotoxicity Test

TABLE-US-00001 Without S9 rat liver extract With S9 rat liver extract Bscl 2 Rtkn Bscl 2 Rtkn concentration 10 25 50 10 25 50 10 25 50 10 25 50 Composition 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0

[0251] The genotoxicity test results show that the crosslinker composition of example 1 is non-genotoxic.

[0252] Performance of the synthesized compound as a crosslinker was assessed using spot tests on coating surfaces, based on procedures from the DIN 68861-1:2011-01 standard. For these tests, a solution of 1.1 parts of the viscous crosslinker liquid in 0.3 parts of acetone was added to 10.5 parts of P1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Afterwards, this coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 1-1). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking a crosslinker (Blank 1-2). The films were dried for 16 hours at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 1 hour and further dried for 24 hours at 25° C. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for various timespans. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

TABLE-US-00002 Sample 60 min 240 min Test 1-1 4 4 Blank 1-2 1 1

[0253] Subsequently, 24 grams of the yellow liquid obtained as described above was mixed with 6.0 grams of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and 6.0 grams of acetone and incubated at 50° C. until a homogeneous solution was obtained. To this solution was added 0.03 grams of triethylamine (TEA) and then 2.4 grams of molten Maxemul™ 7101 dispersant. The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature using an IKA T25 Digital Ultra-Turrax® mixer with S 25 N-18G head at 2,000 rpm. Then, stirring was increased to 10,000 rpm and 24 grams of demineralized water, brought to pH 11 using triethylamine, was added gradually to the mixture over 15 minutes. During this addition process, the mixer was moved around the reaction vessel continuously. After completion of the addition, the resulting dispersion was stirred at 5,000 rpm for 10 more minutes, and the pH of the dispersion was set to 11 with TEA.

[0254] Functional performance and stability of the crosslinker dispersion were assessed using spot tests on coating surfaces, based on procedures from the DIN 68861-1 standard, and viscosity measurements using a Brookfield DVE-LV viscometer (S62 spindle at 60 rpm unless mentioned otherwise). For these tests, the crosslinker dispersion was stored in an oven at 50° C. for 4 weeks. Every week, the viscosity and the particle size of the crosslinker dispersion were determined. Additionally, every week, 2.8 grams of the aged crosslinker dispersion was mixed with 10.5 grams of Polymer P1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. This coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 1). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking the crosslinker dispersion (Test Blank). The films were dried for 1 hour at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 16 hours. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH:demineralized water and placed on the film for 1 hour. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

[0255] Performance and Stability Test

TABLE-US-00003 Sample Week 0 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Particle size 1 (nm) 319 321 325 293 292 Viscosity 1 (mPa .Math. s) 86 72 86 60 60 Test 1 3 3 3 3 3 Test Blank 1 1 1 1 1

Example 2

[0256] A 2 L round bottom flask equipped with a condenser was placed under a N.sub.2 atmosphere and charged with toluene (250 gram), propylene imine (330 gram), neopentyl-glycol-diglycidyl-ether ether (275 gram) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (10.0 gram) and heated to 70° C. in 30 min, after which the mixture was stirred for 22 h at T=70° C. After filtration the excess of PI was removed in vacuo, followed by further purification via vacuum distillation, resulting in a viscous solid.

[0257] A 500 mL round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was placed under a N.sub.2 atmosphere and charged with the NPG-PI intermediate from the first step (32.93 gram), n-butanol (14.77 gram), Desmodur W (52.29 gram) and 25.00 grams of acetone. The resulting mixture was heated to 50° C., after which bismuth neodecanoate (0.02 gram) was added. The mixture was allowed to exotherm to 60° C. followed by stirring for 90 minutes, after which another 25.00 grams of acetone and the reaction was continued for another 2 hours. Then, another 25.00 grams of acetone and 4.00 grams of n-butanol were added and reaction was continued. Samples were taken at regular intervals and the reaction progress was monitored using a Bruker Alpha FT-IR spectrometer, continuing reaction until the NCO-stretch at 2200-2300 cm.sup.−1 had completely disappeared. Finally, solvent was evaporated to yield a colorless solid. The calculated molecular weights of the theoretical main component was 1002.73 Da, chemical structures are shown below.

##STR00024##

[0258] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=1025.72 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=1025.67 Da.

[0259] The following components with a mass below 580 Da were determined by LC-MS and quantified:

##STR00025##

[0260] was present in the composition at less than 0.01 wt. %.

[0261] Genotoxicity Test

TABLE-US-00004 Without S9 rat liver extract With S9 rat liver extract Bscl 2 Rtkn Bscl 2 Rtkn concentration 10 25 50 10 25 50 10 25 50 10 25 50 Composition 2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1

[0262] The genotoxicity test results show that the crosslinker composition of example 2 is non-genotoxic.

[0263] Performance of the synthesized compound as a crosslinker was assessed using spot tests on coating surfaces, based on procedures from the DIN 68861-1:2011-01 standard. For these tests, a solution of 0.5 parts of the solid crosslinker in 0.3 parts of acetone was added to 10.5 parts of P1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Afterwards, this coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 2-1). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking a crosslinker (Blank 2-2). The films were dried for 16 hours at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 1 hour and further dried for 24 hours at 25° C. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for various timespans. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

TABLE-US-00005 Sample 60 min 240 min Test 2-1 3 3 Blank 2-2 1 1

[0264] For further performance tests, a solution of 1.0 parts of the solid crosslinker in 0.5 parts of acetone was added to 10.5 parts of A1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Afterwards, this coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 2-3). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking a crosslinker (Blank 2-4). The films were dried for 16 hours at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 1 hour and further dried for 24 hours at 25° C. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for various timespans. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

TABLE-US-00006 Sample 60 min 240 min Test 2-3 3 3 Blank 2-4 1 1

Example 3

[0265] A 500 mL round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was placed under a N.sub.2 atmosphere and charged with the Bisphenol A-PI intermediate prepared as described in Example 1 (21.25 gram), Ymer™ N-120 (23.01 gram), hexamethylene diisocyanate (31.45 gram) and 25.00 grams of acetone. The resulting mixture was heated to 60° C., after which bismuth neodecanoate (0.02 gram) was added. The mixture was kept at 50° C. using a water bath during exotherm. After 5 minutes, 18.73 grams of cyclohexanol was added to the mixture, again keeping the mixture at 50° C. using a water bath, followed by stirring for 2 hours at 50° C. Samples were taken at regular intervals and the reaction progress was monitored using a Bruker Alpha FT-IR spectrometer until no change in NCO-stretch at 2200-2300 cm.sup.−1 was observed. Subsequently, 5.56 grams of Jeffamine D-230 was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was then further reacted to complete disappearance of aforementioned NCO-stretch peak. Then, the mixture was cooled to 40° C. and 170 grams of demineralized water was added gradually, yielding a bluish dispersion. The acetone was then removed from the dispersion using a rotary evaporator, and finally the pH of the dispersion was set to 11 using triethylamine.

[0266] The calculated molecular weights of the theoretical main components was 990.64 Da (no Jeffamine D-230 and no Ymer), 1406.93 Da (no Ymer, 3 PO groups in Jeffamine D-230), 2143.34 Da (no Jeffamine, 19 EO groups in Ymer), 2515.61 Da (3 PO groups in Jeffamine D-230, 18 EO groups in Ymer); chemical structures are shown below.

##STR00026##

[0267] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=1013.63 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=1013.68 Da.

##STR00027##

[0268] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=1429.93 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=1430.01 Da.

##STR00028##

[0269] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=2166.33 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=2166.47 Da.

##STR00029##

[0270] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=2538.60 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=2538.76 Da.

[0271] The following components with a mass below 580 Da were determined by LC-MS and quantified:

##STR00030##

[0272] was present in the composition at less than 0.01 wt. %.

[0273] Genotoxicity Test

TABLE-US-00007 Without S9 rat liver extract With S9 rat liver extract Bscl 2 Rtkn Bscl 2 Rtkn concentration 10 25 50 10 25 50 10 25 50 10 25 50 Composition 3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.0

[0274] The genotoxicity test results show that the crosslinker composition of example 3 is non-genotoxic.

[0275] Performance of the synthesized compound as a crosslinker was assessed using spot tests on coating surfaces, based on procedures from the DIN 68861-1:2011-01 standard. For these tests, 2.9 parts of crosslinker dispersion was added to 10.5 parts of P1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Afterwards, this coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 3-1). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking a crosslinker (Blank 3-2). The films were dried for 16 hours at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 1 hour and further dried for 24 hours at 25° C. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for various timespans. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

TABLE-US-00008 Sample 60 min 240 min Test 3-1 3 3 Blank 3-2 1 1

[0276] For further performance tests, 5.9 parts of the crosslinker dispersion was added to 10.5 parts of A1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Afterwards, this coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 3-3). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking a crosslinker (Blank 3-4). The films were dried for 16 hours at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 1 hour and further dried for 24 hours at 25° C. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for various timespans. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

TABLE-US-00009 Sample 60 min 240 min Test 3-3 3 3 Blank 3-4 1 1

[0277] Functional performance and stability of the crosslinker dispersion were assessed using spot tests on coating surfaces, based on procedures from the DIN 68861-1 standard, and viscosity measurements using a Brookfield DVE-LV viscometer (S62 spindle at 60 rpm unless mentioned otherwise). For these tests, 100 grams of crosslinker dispersion obtained as described above and diluted with 170 grams of demineralized water, was stored in an oven at 50° C. for 4 weeks. Every week, the viscosity of the aged diluted crosslinker dispersion was determined. Additionally, every week, 2.9 grams of the aged diluted crosslinker dispersion was mixed with 10.5 grams of Polymer P1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. This coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 3). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking the crosslinker dispersion (Test Blank). The films were dried for 1 hour at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 16 hours. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for 1 hour. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

[0278] Performance and Stability Test

TABLE-US-00010 Sample Week 0 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Particle size 3 (nm) 253 209 227 216 192 Viscosity 3 (mPa .Math. s) 86 74 56 60 66 Test 3 3 3 3 3 3 Test Blank 1 1 1 1 1

Example 4

[0279] A 500 mL round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was placed under a N.sub.2 atmosphere and charged with the Bisphenol A-PI intermediate prepared as described in Example 1 (15.92 gram), Ymer™ N-120 (13.37 gram), isophorone diisocyanate (31.13 gram), Oxymer™ M112 (21.91 gram), and 25.00 grams of acetone. The resulting mixture was heated to 60° C., after which bismuth neodecanoate (0.02 gram) was added. The mixture was kept at 50° C. using a water bath during exotherm. The mixture was stirred for 165 minutes at 50° C. Samples were taken at regular intervals and the reaction progress was monitored using a Bruker Alpha FT-IR spectrometer until no change in NCO-stretch at 2200-2300 cm.sup.−1 was observed. Subsequently, 9.16 grams of n-methylbutylamine was added to the reaction mixture, the mixture was stirred for another 5 minutes, and then 8.52 grams of 3-cyclohexylamino-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt was added. The reaction mixture was then further reacted to complete disappearance of aforementioned NCO-stretch peak. Then, 42 grams of acetone was added and the mixture was cooled to 40° C. Subsequently, 180 grams of demineralized water was added gradually, yielding a blueish dispersion. The acetone was then removed from the dispersion using a rotary evaporator, and finally the pH of the dispersion was set to 11 using triethylamine.

[0280] The resulting material had the following generalized structure:

##STR00031##

[0281] The calculated molecular weights of the theoretical main components and their chemical structures are shown below:

##STR00032##

[0282] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=1095.76 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=1095.79 Da.

##STR00033##

[0283] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+2*Na+]=1251.74 Da; Obs. [M+2*Na+]=1251.76 Da.

##STR00034##

[0284] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=2258.48 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=2258.61 Da.

##STR00035##

[0285] Molecular weight was confirmed by Maldi-TOF-MS: Calcd. [M+Na+]=2408.67 Da; Obs. [M+Na+]=2408.79 Da.

[0286] The following components with a mass below 580 Da were determined by LC-MS and quantified:

##STR00036##

[0287] was present in the composition at less than 0.01 wt. %.

[0288] Genotoxicity Test

TABLE-US-00011 Without S9 rat liver extract With S9 rat liver extract Bscl 2 Rtkn Bscl 2 Rtkn concentration 10 25 50 10 25 50 10 25 50 10 25 50 Composition 4 1.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.8

[0289] The genotoxicity test results show that the crosslinker composition of example 4 only has weakly positive induced genotoxicity.

[0290] Performance of the synthesized compound as a crosslinker was assessed using spot tests on coating surfaces, based on procedures from the DIN 68861-1:2011-01 standard. For these tests, 4.2 parts of crosslinker dispersion was added to 10.5 parts of P1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Afterwards, this coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 4-1). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking a crosslinker (Blank 4-2). The films were dried for 16 hours at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 1 hour and further dried for 24 hours at 25° C. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for various timespans. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

TABLE-US-00012 Sample 60 min 240 min Test 4-1 3 3 Blank 4-2 1 1

[0291] For further performance tests, 8.5 parts of the crosslinker dispersion was added to 10.5 parts of A1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. Afterwards, this coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 4-3). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking a crosslinker (Blank 4-4). The films were dried for 16 hours at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 1 hour and further dried for 24 hours at 25° C. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for various timespans. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

TABLE-US-00013 Sample 60 min 240 min Test 4-3 3 3 Blank 4-4 1 1

[0292] Functional performance and stability of the crosslinker dispersion were assessed using spot tests on coating surfaces, based on procedures from the DIN 68861-1 standard, and viscosity measurements using a Brookfield DVE-LV viscometer (S62 spindle at 60 rpm unless mentioned otherwise). For these tests, 100 grams of crosslinker dispersion obtained as described above and diluted with 194 grams of demineralized water, was stored in an oven at 50° C. for 4 weeks. Every week, the viscosity of the aged diluted crosslinker dispersion was determined. Additionally, every week, 4.2 grams of the aged diluted crosslinker dispersion was mixed with 10.5 grams of Polymer P1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. This coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 4). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking the crosslinker dispersion (Test Blank). The films were dried for 1 hour at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 16 hours. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for 1 hour. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

[0293] Performance and Stability Test

TABLE-US-00014 Sample Week 0 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Particle size 4 (nm) 85 82 80 81 104 Viscosity 4 (mPa .Math. s) 18 18 28 48 176 Test 4 3 3 3 3 3 Test Blank 1 1 1 1 1

Example 5

[0294] Crosslinker was synthesized as Example 1.

[0295] Subsequently, 32 grams of the yellow liquid obtained as described above was mixed with 8.0 grams of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and 8.0 grams of acetone and incubated at 50° C. until a homogeneous solution was obtained. To this solution was added 2.4 grams of molten Maxemul™ 7101 dispersant. The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature using an IKA T25 Digital Ultra-Turrax® mixer with S 25 N-18G head at 2,000 rpm. Then, stirring was increased to 10,000 rpm and 32 grams of demineralized water, brought to pH 12.5 using 15% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, was added gradually to the mixture over 15 minutes. During this addition process, the mixer was moved around the reaction vessel continuously. After completion of the addition, the resulting dispersion was stirred at 5,000 rpm for 10 more minutes, and the pH of the dispersion was set to 12.5 with 15% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.

[0296] Functional performance and stability of the crosslinker dispersion were assessed using spot tests on coating surfaces, based on procedures from the DIN 68861-1 standard, and viscosity measurements using a Brookfield DVE-LV viscometer (S62 spindle at 60 rpm unless mentioned otherwise). For these tests, the crosslinker dispersion was stored in an oven at 50° C. for 4 weeks. Every week, the viscosity and the particle size of the crosslinker dispersion were determined. Additionally, every week, 2.8 grams of the aged crosslinker dispersion was mixed with 10.5 grams of Polymer P1 under continuous stirring, and the resulting mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes. This coating composition was filtered and applied to Leneta test cards using 100 μm wire rod applicators (Test 5). For reference, films were also cast from the same composition lacking the crosslinker dispersion (Test Blank). The films were dried for 1 hour at 25° C., then annealed at 50° C. for 16 hours. Subsequently, a piece of cotton wool was soaked in 1:1 EtOH: demineralized water and placed on the film for 1 hour. After removal of the EtOH and 60 minutes recovery, the following results were obtained (a score of 1 indicates complete degradation of the film, 5 indicates no damage visible):

[0297] Performance and Stability Test

TABLE-US-00015 Sample Week 0 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Particle size 5 (nm) 275 269 291 290 299 Viscosity 5 (mPa .Math. s) 61 49 48 55 56 Test 5 3 3 3 3 3 Test Blank 1 1 1 1 1