Fabric Reinforced Traction Mat

Abstract

A traction mat wherein the foam is reinforced with a layer of fabric or fiber between the CLCC foam layer and the substrate or underlying surface. The layering is preferably a first foam layer, a first adhesive layer, a fabric and/or fiber layer, followed by a second adhesive layer. This prevents the CLCC foam from being bonded directly to the substrate which allows the fabric/fiber to support the CLCC foam such that the entire assembly can be removed in one piece without the CLCC foam disintegrating. The introduction of the reinforcing fabric and/or fiber layer eliminates any residual CLCC foam from being bonded to the substrate. Consequently, the traction mat can be easily lifted away and removed.

Claims

1. A removable traction mat comprising: a layer of CLCC foam having an upper surface and a lower surface; a first adhesive layer comprising a first adhesive bonded to said lower surface; a layer of a synthetic woven textile fiber having an upper fabric face and lower fabric face, said upper fabric face of said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber bonded to said first adhesive layer; and a second adhesive layer comprising a second adhesive bonded to said lower fabric face thereby forming a composite.

2. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein said CLCC foam is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene-based polyolefin elastomer foam, ethylene vinyl acetate foam, ethylene-olefin inter-polymer foam, olefin block copolymer foam, polyolefin foam, cross-linked polyethylene foam, and blends thereof.

3. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein said CLCC foam is between 30% and 90% of the weight of said formed multi-layered structure.

4. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein the tensile strength (ASTM D5035) of said synthetic woven textile fiber is at least 2.8 lbs maximum force at break (direction 1) and 2.5 lbs maximum force at break (direction 2), and wherein the tongue tear strength (ASTM D2261) of said synthetic woven textile fiber is at least 1.0 lb-f (tear in warp direction) and 1.0 lb-f (tear in filling direction).

5. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein the amount of said synthetic woven textile fiber is between about 2% and 50% of the weight of said formed multi-layered structure.

6. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein the layer of CLCC foam is between 2 and 15 millimeters thick.

7. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein the first adhesive layer and second adhesive layer are each between 0.05 and 0.5 millimeters thick.

8. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein the layer of synthetic woven textile fiber is between 0.1 and 1.0 millimeters thick.

9. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein said synthetic woven textile fiber is selected from the group consisting of acetate, acrylic, Kevlar, latex, nylon, polyester, rayon, and spandex.

10. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein said synthetic woven textile fiber is polyester.

11. The removable traction mat of claim 1, wherein said bonding of said upper fabric face of the layer of synthetic woven textile fiber to said lower surface of the CLCC foam is effected by applying an acrylic-based pressure sensitive adhesive to the upper surface of said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber, adhering said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber to said lower surface of the CLCC foam and subjecting the adhered layers of synthetic woven textile fiber and CLCC foam to lamination in one or more pinch roller presses.

12. A removable fiber-reinforced traction mat composite comprising: a foam layer comprising a foam having an upper surface and a lower surface; a first adhesive bonded to said lower surface; a fiber layer comprising a fiber having an upper fabric face and lower fabric face communicably attached to said first adhesive on the upper fabric face; and a second adhesive bonded to said lower fabric face thereby forming a composite and attached to a substrate.

13. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein said CLCC foam is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene-based polyolefin elastomer foam, ethylene vinyl acetate foam, ethylene-olefin inter-polymer foam, olefin block copolymer foam, polyolefin foam, cross-linked polyethylene foam, and blends thereof.

14. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein said CLCC foam is between 30% and 90% of the weight of said formed multi-layered structure.

15. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein the tensile strength (ASTM D5035) of said synthetic woven textile fiber is at least 2.8 lbs maximum force at break (direction 1) and 2.5 lbs maximum force at break (direction 2), and wherein the tongue tear strength (ASTM D2261) of said synthetic woven textile fiber is at least 1.0 lb-f (tear in warp direction) and 1.0 lb-f (tear in filling direction).

16. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein the amount of said synthetic woven textile fiber is between about 2% and 50% of the weight of said formed multi-layered structure.

17. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein the layer of CLCC foam is between 2 and 15 millimeters thick.

18. The removable traction mat of claim 12, wherein the first adhesive layer and second adhesive layer are each between 0.05 and 0.5 millimeters thick.

19. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein the layer of synthetic woven textile fiber is between 0.1 and 1.0 millimeters thick.

20. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein said synthetic woven textile fiber is selected from the group consisting of acetate, acrylic, Kevlar, latex, nylon, polyester, rayon, and spandex.

21. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein said synthetic woven textile fiber is polyester.

22. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 12, wherein said bonding of said upper fabric face of the layer of synthetic woven textile fiber to said lower surface of the CLCC foam is effected by applying an acrylic-based pressure sensitive adhesive to the upper surface of said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber, adhering said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber to said lower surface of the CLCC foam and subjecting the adhered layers of synthetic woven textile fiber and CLCC foam to lamination in one or more pinch roller presses.

23. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat composite of claim 12, wherein said substrate is a flat surface associated with a recreational vehicle.

24. A removable fiber-reinforced traction mat comprising a formed composite capable of adhering to a surface, said composite further comprising: (a) a layer of CLCC foam having an upper surface and a lower surface, said layer of CLCC foam having a thickness between 2 and 15 millimeters and constituting between 30% and 90% of the weight of said composite; (b) a first adhesive layer comprising a first adhesive bonded to said lower surface, said first adhesive layer having a thickness between 0.05 and 0.5 millimeters; (c) a layer of a synthetic woven textile fiber having an upper fabric face and lower fabric face, said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber having a thickness between 0.1 and 1.0 millimeters and said upper fabric face of said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber bonded to said first adhesive layer; and (d) a second adhesive layer comprising a second adhesive bonded to said lower fabric face, said second adhesive layer having a thickness between 0.1 and 1.0 millimeters.

25. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 24, wherein said CLCC foam is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene-based polyolefin elastomer foam, ethylene vinyl acetate foam, ethylene-olefin inter-polymer foam, olefin block copolymer foam, polyolefin foam, cross-linked polyethylene foam, and blends thereof.

26. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 24, wherein the tensile strength (ASTM D5035) of said synthetic woven textile fiber is at least 2.8 lbs maximum force at break (direction 1) and 2.5 lbs maximum force at break (direction 2), and wherein the tongue tear strength (ASTM D2261) of said synthetic woven textile fiber is at least 1.0 lb-f (tear in warp direction) and 1.0 lb-f (tear in filling direction).

27. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 24, wherein said synthetic woven textile fiber is selected from the group consisting of acetate, acrylic, Kevlar, latex, nylon, polyester, rayon, and spandex.

28. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 24, wherein said synthetic woven textile fiber is polyester.

29. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat composite of claim 24, wherein said substrate is a flat surface associated with a recreational vehicle.

30. A removable fiber-reinforced traction mat comprising a formed composite capable of adhering to a surface, said composite further comprising: (a) a layer of foam having an upper surface and a lower surface, said layer of foam having a thickness between 2 and 15 millimeters and constituting between 30% and 90% of the weight of said composite; (b) a layer of a synthetic woven textile fiber having an upper fabric face and lower fabric face, said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber having a thickness between 0.05 and 0.5 millimeters and said upper fabric face of said layer of synthetic woven textile fiber adhered to the lower surface of the layer of foam; and (d) a second adhesive layer comprising a second adhesive bonded to said lower fabric face, said second adhesive layer having a thickness between 0.1 and 1.0 millimeters.

31. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 30, wherein said CLCC foam is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene-based polyolefin elastomer foam, ethylene vinyl acetate foam, ethylene-olefin inter-polymer foam, olefin block copolymer foam, polyolefin foam, cross-linked polyethylene foam, and blends thereof.

32. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 30, wherein the tensile strength (ASTM D5035) of said synthetic woven textile fiber is at least 2.8 lbs maximum force at break (direction 1) and 2.5 lbs maximum force at break (direction 2), and wherein the tongue tear strength (ASTM D2261) of said synthetic woven textile fiber is at least 1.0 lb-f (tear in warp direction) and 1.0 lb-f (tear in filling direction).

33. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 30, wherein said synthetic woven textile fiber is selected from the group consisting of acetate, acrylic, Kevlar, latex, nylon, polyester, rayon, and spandex.

34. The removable fiber-reinforced traction mat of claim 30, wherein said synthetic woven textile fiber is polyester.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. The drawings suffixed with the letter A refer to the first embodiment of the parent application. The drawings suffixed with the letter B refer to the second embodiment employing the multiple adhesive layers and fabric reinforcement.

[0033] FIG. 1A is an illustration of the fabric reinforced traction mat of the first embodiment of the invention showing its components.

[0034] FIG. 1B is a top plan view of three exemplary configurations of fabric reinforced traction mats of the second embodiment of the invention.

[0035] FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of the fabric reinforced traction mat of the invention along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1A.

[0036] FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the fabric reinforced traction mat of the invention along lines 6-6 of FIG. 1B showing the CLCC foam, first adhesive layer, strong synthetic woven textile fabric/fiber, second adhesive layer, and substrate.

[0037] FIG. 3A shows a process flow diagram for assembling the multi-layered structure of the fabric reinforced traction mat of the first embodiment.

[0038] FIG. 3B shows a process flow diagram for assembling the second embodiment of the fabric reinforced traction mat of the second embodiment.

[0039] FIG. 4 shows a tabulation of results obtained from tests conducted in order to compare critical properties affecting the ability of the fabric reinforced traction mat of the invention (Sample C) to remain attached to the surface of a vessel or vehicle as compared to prior art mats (Samples A and B).

[0040] Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0041] FIG. 1 shows exemplary top views of fabric reinforced traction mats as laid on the surface of a vessel or vehicle such as a boat. FIG. 1A is directed to the first embodiment and FIG. 1B is directed to the second embodiment. It shall be understood however that the particular size and shape of the fabric reinforced traction mat(s) are dependent on the layout of the walkways of the vessel or vehicle and the personal preferences of the user. Therefore, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the fabric reinforced traction mat may comprise any size and shape as may be desired or appropriate for a particular vessel or vehicle.

[0042] Referring to each fabric reinforced traction mat 101 in FIG. 1A, upper outer surface 102 is made of CLCC foam that has been bonded to a second layer of CLCC foam 103, which is in turn bonded to a strong synthetic woven textile fiber (not seen in the top view), which is in turn bonded to the lower outer surface of the traction mat (not seen in the top view) and made of dimpled CLCC foam. Round metal snaps 104 have been imbedded through the three layers of CLCC foam, synthetic woven textile fiber and dimpled cross-linked-closed-cell foam by riveting.

[0043] In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 1B, a top view of two removable CLCC foam traction mats as laid on the surface of a boat in one typical fashion contemplated by the invention is provided. The two traction mats have been cut and sized to conveniently fit a particular area of the boat. The fabric reinforced traction mats can also be cut and sized in many other shapes and sizes to suit other types and sizes of areas to be covered on boats and other marine vessels and/or power sport vehicles. Referring to each fabric reinforced traction mat 501 in FIG. 1B, upper outer surface 502 is made of CLCC foam that has been bonded to a second layer of CLCC foam 503, which is in turn bonded to a first adhesive layer (not seen in the top view), which is in turn bonded to a strong synthetic woven textile fiber (not seen in the top view), which is in turn bonded to a second adhesive layer (not seen in the top view). The second layer of CLCC foam 503 is made of cross-linked-closed-cell foam.

[0044] FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the fabric reinforced traction mat along line 2-2 showing the multi-layered structure of the CLCC foam, strong synthetic woven textile fiber and dimpled CLCC foam to which the stipulated snaps of the invention have been incorporated by riveting. Accordingly, referring to FIG. 2A, fabric reinforced traction mat 201 is comprised of a 6-millimeter-thick upper outer surface layer of CLCC foam 202 that has been bonded or is otherwise communicably attached to a 0.2-millimeter-thick middle inner surface layer of strong synthetic woven textile fiber 203. Middle inner surface layer 203 is bonded to a 3.0-millimeter-thick lower outer surface layer of dimpled CLCC foam 204. Dimpled CLCC foam may be made by feeding a smooth sheet of CLCC foam into embossing rollers programmed to impart a desired dimple profile on the CLCC foam. Embossing rollers often make use of hot oil to provide heat to the CLCC foam that is being embossed. The smooth-surface CLCC foam is fed into the hot rollers at room temperature and comes out hot and embossed with dimples. After a brief cool-down period the dimpled CLCC foam is ready for use in making the multi-layered structure of the invention. Other techniques may be used for embossing the CLCC foam and making dimpled cross-linked-closed-cell foam. A preferred dimpled CLCC foam for use in making the multi-layered structure of the invention will have anywhere between about 1,000 and 10,000 dimples per square foot of surface. The layer of dimpled cross-linked-closed-cell foam not only provides the desirable non-skid properties but allows the bottom of the multi-layered structure to breath better, allowing the circulation of air and a concomitant reduction of moisture in the structure. With a reduction in moisture comes a reduction in the amount of mold that tends to form as a result of moisture accumulation. The overall result is a multi-layered structure 201 that is not only stronger enough to have snaps installed in it but a truly removable fabric reinforced traction mat with improved non-skid attributes that stays in place and can be attached and detached when necessary or desirable.

[0045] The head 205 of round metal snap 206 sits snuggly on top of upper outer surface layer of CLCC foam 202. Round metal snap 206 has been riveted to and penetrates the three layers 202, 203 and 204 ending in cap or snap bottom 207 which takes the shape of a round clasp suitable for and adaptable to receive the stud or head of a corresponding mating snap (not shown) on the surface of a boat or other vessel or vehicle. The snaps are preferably riveted to the multi-layered structure 201 using a hand arbor press but may be riveted using any appropriate machinery.

[0046] The thicknesses of the three layers described above are illustrative of preferred thicknesses for the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 2A. Similar and various other thicknesses may be used to suit different applications. For most applications a thickness of between about 3 millimeters and 10 millimeters is preferred for the upper layer of CLCC foam; a thickness of between about 0.1 millimeters and 0.5 millimeters is preferred for the middle layer of strong synthetic woven textile fiber; and a thickness of between about 3 millimeters and 6 millimeters is preferred for the lower layer of dimpled cross-linked-closed-cell foam. In completing the fabrication of the fabric reinforced traction mat, it is often convenient to mechanically bind its perimeter to minimize any tendency of the layers that comprise the multi-layered structure 201 to separate and to provide a certain degree of finishing to the final product. When this is done the preferred means for mechanically binding the perimeter is stitching 208. A binding 209 may also be added around the perimeter, for example, by stitching, to also minimize any tendency of the layers to separate and to provide a certain degree of finishing to the final product. The preferred material for binding is a polyester fabric. Beveling a portion of the perimeter may also be convenient when sewing around it and/or binding it.

[0047] The preferred synthetic woven textile fiber is polyester. Examples of other strong synthetic woven textile fibers that may be used include acetate, acrylic, Kevlar, latex, nylon, rayon and spandex. The amount of synthetic woven textile fiber used is between about 2% and 50% of the weight of the formed multi-layered structure assembly. Synthetic woven textile fibers are textiles manufactured from man-made rather than natural fibers, and are often referred to as woven synthetic fabrics or simply synthetic fabrics. They are usually made by joining monomers into polymers by the process of polymerization using chemicals derived from coal, oil and/or natural gas to make threads that are then woven together to make the fabrics.

[0048] A layer of dimpled CLCC foam or equivalent non-skid base material is applied to the fiber reinforcement on the undersurface of the CLCC foam. The dimpled CLCC foam or equivalent non-skid base material should have a high coefficient of friction and be textured so as to provide good anti-skid properties to the multi-layered structure and the traction mat product. The amount of dimpled CLCC foam or equivalent non-skid base material should be between about 30% and 70% of the weight of the formed multi-layered structure assembly. Materials that have high coefficients of friction and thus are able to impart nonskid properties to the multilayered structure also include rubber, cork, abrasive grit and polyvinyl chloride, commonly referred to as PVC.

[0049] The combination of the top layer of CLCC foam, the strong synthetic woven textile fiber and the dimpled CLCC foam or equivalent non-skid base material comprises a multi-layered structure to which a number of snaps are then integrated by riveting or other conventional techniques. The snaps are preferably round metallic snaps, but they also may be made of plastic or other materials and have square or other shapes. Four or six snaps are usually sufficient to secure relative small or medium size traction mats to the desired surfaces of the vessels or vehicles, but more or less snaps may be used depending on the size of the traction mats and the surfaces to be covered by them.

[0050] FIG. 2B provides a second embodiment of the invention, showing a side view of the fabric reinforced traction mat with a multi-layered structure of CLCC foam, strong synthetic woven textile fiber and adhesive layers. Accordingly, referring to FIG. 2B, the fabric reinforced traction mat 601 is comprised of an at least 2-millimeter-thick upper outer surface layer of CLCC foam 602 having an upper surface 603 and lower surface 604 that has been bonded to an at least 0.127-millimeter-thick first adhesive layer 605. The first adhesive layer 605 is bonded or is otherwise communicably attached to an at least 0.2-millimeter-thick middle inner surface layer 606 of strong synthetic woven textile fiber having an upper fabric face 607 and lower fabric face 608 wherein the first adhesive layer 605 is communicably attached with the upper fabric face 607. This communicable attachment can either be through the use of adhesives, hook and loop connections, or other similar types of connections. The lower fabric face 608 of the middle inner surface layer 606 is further bonded to an at least 0.127-millimeter-thick second adhesive layer 609 which in communicable contact with a substrate 610. CLCC foam may be made by feeding a smooth sheet of CLCC foam into embossing rollers programmed to impart a desired profile on the CLCC foam. Embossing rollers often make use of hot oil to provide heat to the CLCC foam that is being embossed. The smooth-surface CLCC foam is fed into the hot rollers at room temperature and comes out hot. After a brief cool-down period the foam is ready for use in making the multi-layered structure of the invention. Other techniques may be used for embossing the CLCC foam and making CLCC foam. The layer of CLCC foam not only provides the desirable non-skid properties but allows the bottom of the multi-layered structure to breathe better, allowing the circulation of air and a concomitant reduction of moisture in the structure. With a reduction in moisture comes a reduction in the amount of mold that tends to form as a result of moisture accumulation. The overall result is a multi-layered structure that is a truly removable traction mat with improved non-skid attributes that stays in place and can be attached and detached when necessary or desirable. The second adhesive layer 609 is attached to the substrate 610 which can be any underlying surface but it preferably the floor of a marine vessel. Attached means fastened in such a manner that the traction mat will not skid or move when pressure is applied but can still be easily removed.

[0051] The thicknesses of the three layers described above are illustrative of preferred thicknesses for the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 2B. Similar and various other thicknesses may be used to suit different applications. For most applications, a thickness of between about 2 millimeters and 15 millimeters is preferred for the upper layer of CLCC foam; a thickness of between about 0.1 millimeters and 1.0 millimeters is preferred for the middle layer of strong synthetic woven textile fiber; and a thickness of between 0.05 millimeters and 2 millimeters is preferred for each adhesive layer.

[0052] FIG. 3A is a process flow diagram of for the first embodiment showing the assembly of the fabric reinforced traction mat having a multi-layered structure of CLCC foam, synthetic woven textile fiber and dimpled cross-linked-closed-cell foam of the invention. Thus, referring to FIG. 3A, 6-millimeter-thick layer of CLCC foam sheet 301, having an ethylene vinyl acetate content of 30%, is fed to assembly line 302 where it contacts double-side pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape 303, applied to its lower surface, and it is than directed, as first sheet 304, to a first set of rolling pinch presses 305 to secure good adhesion of PSA tape 303 to its lower surface. Coming out of the rolling pinch presses 305, first knife 307 is used to slit the layers of second sheet 306 and remove excess material. Third sheet 308 is then contacted with 0.2-mm-thick layer of polyester 309 (or other similar material), applied to its lower surface by adhering it to the other side of PSA tape 303. Fourth sheet 310 is then directed to a second set of rolling pinch presses 311 to secure good adhesion, laminate them and provide strong bonding between the layer of the CLCC foam and the polyester. Subsequently, the bonded and laminated layers 312 of CLCC foam and polyester are contacted with double-side PSA tape 313, applied to their lower surface and directed, as fifth sheet 314, to rolling pinch presses 31 to secure good adhesion of PSA tape 313 to their lower surface. Coming out of a third set of rolling pinch presses 315, second knife 317 is used to slit the layers of sixth sheet 316 and remove excess material. Seventh sheet 318 is then contacted on the assembly line with 3-mm-thick layer of dimpled cross-linked-closed-cell foam 319, having an ethylene vinyl acetate content of 30%. The layer of dimpled CLCC foam 319 is applied to the lower surface of seventh sheet 318 by adhering it to the other side of PSA tape 313. Eighth sheet 320 is then directed to a fourth set of rolling pinch presses 321 to secure good adhesion, laminate them and provide strong bonding between the layer of polyester and the layer of dimpled CLCC foam. Third knife 323 is used to slit the layers of well-bonded sheet 322 and remove excess material. The final sheet 324, which is made up of well-bonded layers of CLCC foam, polyester and dimpled CLCC foam, constitutes a good example of the multi-layered structure of the invention.

[0053] The snaps 104 of the first embodiment are preferably incorporated into the bonded multi-layered structure 324 by riveting as already described above. A hand arbor press is used to crimp together the two parts of each snap. The number and placement of the snaps will be dictated by the size and dimensions of the sheet of bonded multi-layered structure used for assembling the various removable traction mats. As an illustration, four snaps placed approximately on the four corners of a four-foot-by-four-foot bonded multi-layered structure will usually suffice in most cases for a medium-size boat surface. The snaps may also be incorporated into the multi-layered structure at specific locations to match the locations of corresponding mating studs that have been installed on the surface of a vessel or vehicle by the manufacturer of such vessel or vehicle.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 3B, showing the process flow diagram for the second embodiment, CLCC foam sheet 701, having an ethylene vinyl acetate content of 30%, is fed to assembly line 702 where it contacts double-side pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape 703, applied to its lower surface, and it is than directed, as first sheet 704, to a first set of rolling pinch presses 705 to secure good adhesion of first adhesive 703 to its lower surface 604. First adhesive 703 may be any adhesive which bonds to CLCC foam. Coming out of the rolling pinch presses 705, first knife 707 is used to slit the layers of second sheet 706 and remove excess material. Resulting sheet 708 is then contacted with an at least 0.2-mm-thick layer of polyester 709 or other fabric or fiber of similar tensile strength and properties, applied to its lower surface by adhering it to the other side of first adhesive 703. Third sheet 710 is then directed to a second set of rolling pinch presses 711 to secure good adhesion, laminate them and provide strong bonding between the layer of the CLCC foam and the polyester. Subsequently, the bonded and laminated layers 712 of CLCC foam and polyester are contacted with a second adhesive layer 713, applied to the lower fabric face 608 and directed, as fourth sheet 714, to a third set of rolling pinch presses 715 to secure good adhesion of second adhesive 713 to the lower fabric face 608. Second adhesive 713 may be any adhesive which bonds to fabrics such as polyester. Coming out of the third set of rolling pinch presses 715, second knife 717 is used to slit the layers of fifth sheet 716 and remove excess material. Final sheet 718 is made up of well-bonded layers of CLCC foam, polyester or similar fabric/fiber, and multiple layers of adhesive and constitutes a good example of the multi-layered structure of the invention.

[0055] Tests were conducted by an ASTM-certified and accredited commercial testing facility in order to compare critical properties affecting the ability of a traction mat to remain attached to the floor of a typical marine vessel or power sport vehicle. Different assemblies of layers of different materials, including the assembly of layers used in the removable traction mat of the invention, were subjected to various tensile and elongation forces under similar conditions. FIG. 4 shows the results obtained from these tests.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 4, Sample A was a 6-millimeter-thick regular layer of CLCC foam having an ethylene vinyl acetate content of 30%. Sample A was subjected to increasing tensile forces and to increasing tongue tear forces by conventional ASTM procedures at the testing facility of Veriest Laboratories in New York. The average maximum force at which Sample A sustained a break, i.e., its tensile strength, was 44.5 lbs (pounds) in direction 1 and 44.5 lbs (pounds) in direction 2. The average tongue-tear strength (tear in warp direction) of Sample A was determined to be 3.5 lb-f (pound foot), whereas its average tongue-tear strength (tear in filling direction) was 3.1 lb-f (pound foot). The kinetic coefficient of friction of Sample A was 0.38.

[0057] Sample B was a 6-millimeter-thick regular layer of CLCC foam, also having an ethylene vinyl acetate content of 30%, that was bonded to a 0.2-mm-thick-layer of polyester fabric at the bottom, i.e., at its lower surface. Sample B was subjected to increasing tensile forces and to increasing tongue tear forces by the same conventional ASTM procedures as Sample A at the testing facility of Vartest Laboratories. The average maximum force at which Sample B sustained a break, i.e., its tensile strength, was 178.3 lbs in direction 1 and 285.8 lbs in direction 2. The average tongue-tear strength (tear in warp direction) of Sample B was determined to be 27.4 lb-f, whereas its average tongue-tear strength (tear in filling direction) was 20.3 lb-f. The kinetic coefficient of friction of Sample B was 0.99.

[0058] Sample C was a 6-millimeter-thick regular layer of CLCC foam, also having an ethylene vinyl acetate content of 30%, that was also bonded to a 0.2-mm-thick-layer of polyester fabric at the bottom. The 0.2-mm-thick-layer of polyester fabric at the bottom was in turn bonded at its lower surface to a 3-mm-thick layer of dimpled cross-linked-closed-cell foam that also had an ethylene vinyl acetate content of 30%, Sample C was a typical example of the multi-layered structure of the invention. This sample was subjected to increasing tensile forces and to increasing tongue tear forces by the same conventional ASTM procedures as Samples A and B at the Vartest testing facility. As shown in FIG. 4, the average maximum force at which Sample C sustained a break, i.e., its tensile strength, was 272.5 lbs in direction 1 and 319.3 lbs in direction 2. The average tongue-tear strength (tear in warp direction) of Sample C was determined to be 50.4 lb-f, whereas its average tongue-tear strength (tear in filling direction) was 51.0 lb-f. The kinetic coefficient of friction of Sample C was 1.26.

[0059] The results of the tests tabulated in FIG. 4 clearly show that the unique multi-layered structure provided by the system of the invention (Sample C) has superior and improved strength that allows metal snaps and other similar types of snaps to be incorporated into it and used to attach the traction mat to the surfaces of boats, ATVs and other marine vessel and power sport vehicles. Furthermore, these results also show that the multi-layered structure of Sample C also has a substantially higher kinetic coefficient of friction than those of the layered structures of Samples A and B, thus allowing the traction mat of the invention to remain attached to said surfaces. The result is a unique and superior combination of components that yield improved and superior results and provide a truly superior removable foam traction mat for these applications.

[0060] The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims, as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0061] Now that the invention has been described,