A method and system for artificial intelligence-based radiofrequency ablation parameter optimization and information synthesis are provided. The method is applied to a radiofrequency ablation controller including a processor and an artificial intelligence module. The processor of the radiofrequency ablation controller preprocesses sample data and sends the preprocessed sample data to the artificial intelligence module. The artificial intelligence module establishes an artificial neural network model according to the preprocessed sample data and a radiofrequency ablation control parameter for the sample data. The processor preprocesses signals collected by sensors on a plasma wand. The artificial intelligence module imports preprocessed sensor data into the artificial neural network model for analysis and fusion, to obtain the radiofrequency ablation control parameter.

A computer-implemented method includes accessing an activation state of an energy-based surgical instrument, accessing at least one image of tissue, accessing control parameter values of a generator configured to provide energy to the energy-based surgical instrument, storing the control parameter values, receiving input information, annotating the stored control parameter values and the at least one image based on the received information, and tagging the annotated control parameter values and the annotated at least one image.

Examples herein describe a surgical instrument that deliver a first energy and a second energy configured to seal the tissue. The first energy may be operated by a first energy algorithm and second energy may be operated by a second energy algorithm. The surgical instrument may include an updatable memory that may store a default control algorithm that may control both the first energy algorithm and the second energy algorithm simultaneously. The surgical instrument may include a processor that may be configured to operate in a first mode at a first time, wherein in the first mode the processor may be configured to operate according to the default control algorithm. The processor may receive data at a second time that may cause the processor to operate in a second mode, wherein in the second mode the processor may be configured to operate according to an alternative control algorithm.

Examples herein describes a powered surgical end-effector that may include a controllable jaw configured to operate on a tissue, an updatable memory having stored therein a default actuation algorithm, and and a processor. The processor may be configured to operate in a first mode at a first time, wherein in the first mode the processor may be configured to operate an aspect of the controllable jaw according to the default actuation algorithm. The processor may receive data at a second time, after the first time, that may cause the processor to operate in a second mode, wherein in the second mode the processor may be configured to operate an aspect of the controllable jaw according to an alternative actuation algorithm.

An instrument port includes an elongated shaft, a bendable shaft, a steerable tip, an offset balloon, and a handle. The bendable shaft has a proximal end attached to the distal end of the elongated shaft along a shaft axis, the bendable shaft configured to bend only within a pivot plane that is defined by the shaft axis and a pivot axis that is orthogonal to the shaft axis. The steerable tip is attached to a distal end of the bendable shaft and includes a camera and a light emitter. The offset balloon is attached to the external surface of the elongated shaft and has an internal volume in fluid communication with a fluid port in the elongated shaft. The handle includes at least one lever in mechanical communication with the bendable shaft to adjust a customizable angle of the steerable tip measured between the shaft axis and the tip axis.

An instrument port includes an elongated shaft, a flexible shaft, a steerable tip, a handle, and a working tube. The elongated shaft extends along a shaft axis. The flexible shaft is attached to a distal end of the elongated shaft, the flexible shaft configured to bend only within a pivot plane that is defined by the shaft axis and a pivot axis that is orthogonal to the shaft axis. The steerable tip is attached to the distal end of the shaft, the steerable tip extending along a tip axis. The handle is attached to a proximal end of the elongated shaft, the handle including a lever in mechanical communication with the flexible shaft to adjust a customizable angle of the steerable tip measured between the shaft axis and the tip axis. The working tube is disposed in the elongated shaft and flexible shaft.

An instrument port includes an elongated shaft, a steerable tip, an offset balloon, and a working tube. The elongated shaft has proximal and distal ends and extending along a shaft axis, the elongated shaft having a fluid port defined in an external surface at the distal end of the elongated shaft. The steerable tip is attached to the distal end of the shaft. The offset balloon is attached to the external surface of the elongated shaft, the offset balloon having an internal volume in fluid communication with the fluid port, the offset balloon having an inflated state and a deflated state, wherein in the inflated state the offset balloon is radially asymmetrically inflated with respect to the shaft axis. The working tube is disposed in the elongated shaft, the working tube forming a working channel to receive a medical instrument.

A method for controlling an epicardial ablation procedure comprises (a) inserting an instrument port comprising an ablation tool, an optical camera and an optical light emitter into an epicardial cavity proximal to a target region; (b) providing optical light into said epicardial cavity through said optical light emitter to illuminate said target region; (c) obtaining a first image of said target region using said optical camera; (d) steering a tip of said ablation tool towards said target region; (e) applying an ablation energy to said target region using the ablation tool so as to form a lesion in or on said target region; (f) obtaining a second image of said target region using said optical camera; and (g) processing at least one of said first and second images in an image processor so as to determine a characteristic of said lesion.

A control circuit for use with an electrosurgical system is disclosed. The control circuit is programmed to provide an electrosurgical signal comprising a plurality of pulses to first and second electrodes and receive a first reading of an impedance between the first and second electrodes. The control circuit is programmed to receive a second reading of the impedance between the first and second electrodes. The control circuit is programmed to determine a difference between the first and second readings and determine that a short circuit is present between the first and second electrodes based on a magnitude of the difference between the first reading and the second reading. The control circuit is programmed to generate a signal indicating the short circuit between the first and second electrodes.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for discriminating biological tissue, and a surgical apparatus using the same, the biological tissue discriminating method being capable of exactly discriminating the biological tissue by measuring an impedance value per frequency, teaching the measured impedance value per frequency in a single classifier according to learning algorithms that are different from one another having the measured impedance value per frequency as an input variable to discriminate the biological tissue, and re-teaching the biological tissue discriminated from each single classifier in a meta classifier to finally discriminate the biological tissue.