A hybrid permanent anchor is proposed. The hybrid permanent anchor includes: a fixed body disposed between a compression part and a tension part and coupling the compression part and the tension part to each other; the tension part coupled to a front end of the fixed body and transmitting tension to the permanent anchor when tensile stress is generated; the compression part coupled to a rear end of the fixed body and transmitting compressive force to the permanent anchor when compressive stress is generated; a PC steel strand coupled to a rear end of the compression part and having a protective pipe thereon; and an anchor head part fixing the permanent anchor to a structure.

Provided is a support structure and a method for manufacture thereof. The support structure, in one aspect, includes first and second expanded metal structural pillars positioned within the ground by a distance (d.sub.1), the first and second expanded metal structural pillars comprising a metal that has expanded in response to hydrolysis. In at least one other aspect, the support structure includes one or more beams spanning the first and second expanded metal structural pillars.

The present disclosure discloses a fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) composite material pile prepared by an FRP composite material. The FRP composite material pile includes: an FRP winding pipe, an FRP pultrusion hollow profile, and a connecting device. The FRP pultrusion hollow profile includes an outer ring pipe, an inner ring pipe, and a plurality of reinforcing bars. The FRP pultrusion hollow profile is pultruded at one time by pultrusion equipment, and fiber materials thereof are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the pipe. The FRP winding pipe is provided with circumferential fiber materials by taking the FRP pultrusion hollow profile as a membrane, and forms a composite pipe section with the FRP pultrusion hollow profile. The inner ring shape of the cross section of the FRP winding pipe is matched with the FRP pultrusion hollow profile. The FRP connecting device includes connecting plates, connecting bars, and connecting pins.

A cover system for preventing water ingress having a geomembrane layer and a wind-disturbing open-pore layer thereon and defining an asperity extent, said open-pore layer for forming in situ an air-flow turbulence zone between the geomembrane layer and a boundary space proximate the open-pore layer as a transition from turbulent flow of wind in the turbulence zone to laminar flow of the wind remote from the geomembrane layer, said open-pore layer inducing disturbance of a wind flow into and through the layer, whereby a suction force on the geomembrane is disturbingly broken by turbulent wind shear events therein and exerted downward pressure deflections, wherein the wind speed and pressure differential lessen and the geomembrane resists uplift. A method of covering a large area surface with a cover system that resists wind uplift is disclosed.

Provided is an erosion control kit (ECK) comprising: (I) an erosion control block comprising: (a) a degradable box-shaped frame of latticed ligament with a top, bottom and four sides; (b) a degradable fabric framed just inside the top, bottom and four sides of the frame and defining an interior space; and (c) soil substantially filling the interior space; and (II) one or more anchors configured to bind a bottom portion of the frame to a substratum. Related erosion control features and methods are further provided.

The present disclosure discloses a fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) composite material pile prepared by an FRP composite material. The FRP composite material pile includes: an FRP winding pipe, an FRP pultrusion hollow profile, and a connecting device. The FRP pultrusion hollow profile includes an outer ring pipe, an inner ring pipe, and a plurality of reinforcing bars. The FRP pultrusion hollow profile is pultruded at one time by pultrusion equipment, and fiber materials thereof are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the pipe. The FRP winding pipe is provided with circumferential fiber materials by taking the FRP pultrusion hollow profile as a membrane, and forms a composite pipe section with the FRP pultrusion hollow profile. The inner ring shape of the cross section of the FRP winding pipe is matched with the FRP pultrusion hollow profile. The FRP connecting device includes connecting plates, connecting bars, and connecting pins.

A method of rehabbing reinforced concrete pilings while in service and without the requirement to demo or otherwise gain access over the ends of an existing column. Design adopts modern environmentally responsible fiber reinforced polymer rebar and other FRP stirrups uniquely shaped into spiral sections requiring only side access for placement, designed to permanently encase the piling with a totally non-rusting non-metal reinforcement lateral containment cage featuring preformed circumference stirrups that mechanically interlock vertically and lateral adjustability to control density. The spiral stirrups extending fully 360-degrees around an existing piling with an additional overlap of at least 45 degrees.

The invention relates to a low-permeability geotechnical barrier material including a blend of approximately equal parts of: aggregate particles, sand-size particles and manufactured composite particles that include a hydratable sealant material composed of naturally-occurring clay minerals and/or polymer-enhanced clay minerals, such that the actual percentage of clay mineral component is less than 10% by weight in the blended material. In a particular embodiment, the construction of a low-permeability geotechnical barrier using predominantly coarse grain materials by conventional compaction efforts is rarely attempted due to the difficulty of maintaining a uniform mix of well-graded sand and aggregate blends necessary to achieve low permeability. The regularly achievable permeability offered by this material blend when installed with specific proscribed techniques using conventional equipment can be 5×10.sup.−8 cm/sec or lower.

A method of rehabbing reinforced concrete pilings while in service and without the requirement to demo or otherwise gain access over the ends of an existing column. Design adopts modern environmentally responsible fiber reinforced polymer rebar and other FRP stirrups uniquely shaped into spiral sections requiring only side access for placement, designed to permanently encase the piling with a totally non-rusting non-metal reinforcement lateral containment cage featuring preformed circumference stirrups that mechanically interlock vertically and lateral adjustability to control density. The spiral stirrups extending fully 360-degrees around an existing piling with an additional overlap of at least 45 degrees.

An offshore structure having a foundation structure, wherein the foundation structure has at least a first and a second profile, the first profile is designed as a pile and the second profile is designed as a pile sleeve, the second profile encloses the first profile over a penetration length, wherein an interspace is formed between the first and the second profile, the interspace has a casting compound filling over the total penetration length, shear elements are provided on the first and/or the second profile, the shear elements extend into the interspace and effect an axial load dissipation into the casting compound filling, the shear elements are provided only over a first partial length of the penetration length, the first partial length is between 65 and 90% of the total penetration length and a second partial length is free of shear elements, wherein the second partial length forms the upper length of the penetration length in the installed position.