The present disclosure provides a fuel injection unit for an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection unit includes: a separator that is disposed in an intake port to supply air into a combustion chamber formed in an engine head, and that divides a channel for air into an upper channel and a lower channel; a blade disposed ahead of the separator and opening or closing the upper channel or the lower channel by rotating; and a first injector disposed over the intake port. In particular, when the first injector injects fuel, the blade does not interfere with the fuel.

An intake manifold includes: multiple branch pipes having downstream ends fastened to a front or rear surface of a cylinder head; a main pipe connected to upstream ends of the branch pipes; and a cover including a cover main body attached to an upper surface of a portion of at least one of the branch pipes to define a blow-by gas passage, and a protrusion protruding upward from the cover main body, the portion of the at least one of the branch pipes being adjacent to the cylinder head, wherein the protrusion is spaced apart from the cylinder head in a fore and aft direction such that a fuel line positioned above the downstream ends of the branch pipes is interposed between the protrusion and the cylinder head in the fore and aft direction, the protrusion being positioned to overlap a part of the fuel line as seen from front.

The fuel preheater for an internal combustion engine is a system for preheating fuel vapor prior to its injection into an internal combustion engine for combustion thereof. In the fuel preheater for an internal combustion engine, a portion of the exhaust from the internal combustion engine is used to transfer heat to a mixture of the fuel vapor, environmental air and recycled exhaust. The preheating of the fuel vapor and the addition of nitrous oxide from the recycled exhaust increases combustion efficiency of the fuel and enhances overall performance of the internal combustion engine.

An outboard motor powerhead section includes an engine having vertically stacked cylinders. The engine includes intake passages extending through the cylinder head to the cylinders. A fuel rail extends along a vertical center axis alongside the cylinder head. Receiver cups are coupled to the fuel rail and vertically spaced from one another such that each receiver cup is associated with a respective cylinder. Each receiver cup has a respective connector passage providing fluid communication between the fuel rail and receiver cup. Fuel injectors are respectively coupled to the receiver cups. Each fuel injector has an inlet end located in a respective receiver cup and extends along a center axis toward a nozzle end that extends into a respective intake passage. A cowl covers the engine. The vertical center axis of the fuel rail is located relatively more inboard with respect to the engine than is at least one connector passage.

In at least some implementations, a charge forming device includes a body that has a throttle bore, a throttle valve associated with the throttle bore, a coupler and an actuator. The throttle has a valve head received within and movable relative to the throttle bore, and a valve shaft to which the valve head is coupled. The coupler is connected to the valve shaft and carries or includes a sensor element. And the actuator has a drive shaft coupled to the coupler so that rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted to the coupler and the valve shaft.

Provided is a high-pressure fuel injection pipe with a connection head which achieves an improvement in outer-surface cleanliness and prevention of a decrease in axial force and fastening strength. The pipe having, at a connection end of a narrow-diameter thick-wall steel pipe having a rust-inhibiting coating applied to an outer surface of the pipe, the connection head composed of a spherically-shaped seat surface, an annular flange, and a conical surface and having an outside peripheral surface forming formed into seat surface in a truncated conical shape or truncated arc shape for a mating seat; and a washer fitting in a neck lower part of the connection head and having a rust-inhibiting coating applied to an outer surface of the washer, wherein a contact part between the neck lower part of the connection head and an end part of the washer has a metal-to-metal contact structure without having the rust-inhibiting coating.

A fuel atomizer that includes a housing having a fuel inlet and at least one primary orifice positioned at the inlet, wherein the at least one orifice configured to disperse a stream of fuel into a plurality of fuel droplets. The plurality of fuel droplets contact a fuel impingement surface to break up the plurality of fuel droplets into a plurality of smaller secondary droplets and create a thin film of secondary droplets on the impingement surface. At least one pressurized air channel delivers an airflow into contact with the secondary droplets. The secondary droplets pass through a plurality of secondary outlet orifices to exit the housing. A size of the plurality of secondary droplets is reduced when passing out of the plurality of secondary orifices.

An HHO gas second fuel is produced in a pressure-resistant container and distributed at a low volumetric rate at multiple locations about the internal combustion engine.

HHO gas is produced and stored in a pressure-resistant electrolysis cell having an electrolysis zone and a gas storage zone.

HHO gas is produced and stored for use by an internal combustion engine in a pressure-resistant electrolysis cell containing graphene electrodes.