The present invention includes a first flow path through which a sample gas flows, a first analyzer that is provided in the first flow path to measure total hydrocarbon concentration in the sample gas, a second flow path through which the sample gas flows, a non-methane non-ethane cutter that is provided in the second flow path to remove the hydrocarbon components other than the methane and the ethane in the sample gas, a second analyzer that is provided downstream of the non-methane non-ethane cutter in the second flow path to measure the total methane ethane concentration of the methane and the ethane in the sample gas, and a calculation part that calculates the concentration of the hydrocarbon components other than the methane and the ethane in the sample gas with use of the total hydrocarbon concentration by the first analyzer and the total methane ethane concentration by the second analyzer.

A single-wavelength light source is configured to generate an excitation light source. A sample holder that defines an inner cavity is capable of holding a sample and includes a surface transparent to the excitation light source. One or more mounts are attached to at least one of the light source or the sample holder. The mounts are configured to change an incident angle of the excitation light source on the surface. One or more optical components are positioned in a path of a fluorescence emission emitted from the surface and guide the fluorescence emission to a detector. A detector detects an intensity of the fluorescence emission.

It is possible to reduce a decrease in accuracy of measuring the concentration of a measurement target gas even in a case where, in a mixture of gases, there is a gas greatly different from another gas in a rate of change in thermal conductivity with respect to temperature. The concentration measurement device includes a sensor configured to measure the concentration of a measurement target gas in a mixture of gases on the basis of thermal conductivity of the measurement target gas, the mixture of gases including two or more components, and a heating unit configured to heat the mixture of gases so that the concentration of the measurement target gas can be uniquely determined with respect to the thermal conductivity.

A system for separation of components of a natural gas product uses a first separation column to receive the natural gas product and to provide first stage components including a first component gas, uses a gas converter to provide second stage components that includes third component gas from at least a second component gas of such first stage components, and uses a second separation column to provide third stage components that includes the first component gas, the third component gas, and one or more additional carbon-based components provided in or over a period of time associated with the separation of the components of the natural gas product.

An improved liquefied natural gas vaporization system is provided for converting liquefied natural gas (LNG) to vapor so that it can be measured for integrity. The liquefied natural gas vaporization system of the present invention makes use of a sample probe that uses a cryogenic check valve to allow the vaporization process to begin early, and, due to design and incorporation with heated regulation, reduces the need for an accumulator, which is often used in other systems. By eliminating the need for an accumulator, a more real-time and authentic measurement of the LNG sample may be taken. After the probe takes the sample, the sample is sent to a sampling system and subsequently to an analytical measuring system, where the sample is measured.

A method includes providing a length of pipeline that has a housing defining a central bore extending the length of the pipe and a space formed within the housing and extending the length of the pipe. At least one condition within the space is continuously monitored within the space to detect in real time if a change in the housing occurs.

A Raman scattered light acquisition device includes an emitting optical system configured to guide excitation light into a fluid, a scattered light window configured to define a part of a flow path of the fluid and through which Raman scattered light from the fluid irradiated with the excitation light passes, and a scattered light receiving device having a light receiving surface receiving Raman scattered light passed through the scattered light window. The scattered light window and the light receiving surface of the scattered light receiving device are disposed at a position in which they are separated from an optical axis in the fluid in a radial direction within a range in which an optical path of the excitation light in the fluid is present in an optical axis direction in which the optical axis in the fluid which is an optical axis of the excitation light in the fluid extends.

The present disclosure describes methods and systems for determining a flow of a combustible portion of vent gas delivered to an engine. The flow rate measurement may be performed by using the engine response to a relatively short (e.g. 1 to 5 s) interruption of the vent gas flow. A cross-correlation between RPM data of the engine and a reference signal corresponding to a state of a valve configured to interrupt the vent gas flow is determined, and a flow rate of the combustible portion of the vent gas delivered to the engine is determined from the maximum value of the cross-correlation.

A sample handling system receives a downhole sample. The sample handle system conditions the sample using a separator and filters to allow discharge of unwanted liquids and particulates prior to flowing the sample to one or more analyzers. Separating the moisture and particulates from the sample improves the operation of the components of the sample handling system, for example, by eliminating unwanted condensate or moisture. A coalescing filter, for example, may protect a proportional valve by removing unwanted particulates and liquids from the sample. Additionally, main components of the sample handling system are accessible from a front of a housing to allow for ease of repair and replacement.

A method for determining fluid parameters, such as a heat capacity c.sub.Pρ, a calorific value Hp, a methane number MN, and/or a Wobbe index WI, of an unknown fluid (g). An unknown flow (55) of the fluid (g) is set in a sensor device (10), the sensor device (10) comprising a thermal flow sensor (1) and a pressure sensor device (15) for measuring at least one temperature value T.sub.1, T.sub.2, a further parameter, and differential pressure value Δρ over a flow restrictor (14). Using these measurement parameters T.sub.1, T.sub.2, Δρ and calibration data, the calorific value Hp, and/or the Wobbe index WI, or parameters indicative thereof, of an unknown fluid (g) are calculated. The invention also relates to such a sensor device (10) and to a computer program product for carrying out such a method.