In one embodiment, a selective plane illumination microscopy system for capturing light emitted by an illuminated specimen, the system including a specimen support having a top surface configured to support a specimen holder and an opening configured to provide access to a bottom of the specimen holder, and a selective plane illumination microscopy optical system positioned beneath the specimen support, the optical system configured to illuminate the specimen with a sheet of excitation light and including an excitation objective, a detection objective, and an open-top, hollow imaging element that is configured to contain a liquid, wherein the imaging element is positioned within the opening of the specimen support and optical axes of the objectives are aligned with the imaging element such that the axes pass through the imaging element and intersect at a position near the top surface of the specimen support.

In one embodiment, a selective plane illumination microscopy system for capturing light emitted by an illuminated specimen includes a specimen stage having a top surface adapted to support a specimen holder and an opening adapted to provide access to a bottom of the holder, and a selective plane illumination microscopy optical system positioned beneath the stage, the optical system including an excitation objective, a detection objective, and an open-top, hollow prism that is adapted to contain a liquid, wherein the prism is positioned within the opening of the stage and optical axes of the objectives are aligned with the prism such that the axes pass through the prism and intersect at a position near the top surface of the specimen stage.

In one embodiment, a selective plane illumination microscopy system for capturing light emitted by an illuminated specimen includes a specimen stage having a top surface adapted to support a specimen holder and an opening adapted to provide access to a bottom of the holder, and a selective plane illumination microscopy optical system positioned beneath the stage, the optical system including an excitation objective, a detection objective, and an open-top, hollow prism that is adapted to contain a liquid, wherein the prism is positioned within the opening of the stage and optical axes of the objectives are aligned with the prism such that the axes pass through the prism and intersect at a position near the top surface of the specimen stage.

The embodiment relates to an image stabilization device and a camera module including the same. The image stabilization device according to the embodiment includes: a first prism for changing a path of a light beam; a second prism disposed below the first prism and changing a path of light beam emitted from the first prism; an image stabilization control unit for controlling a shape of the second prism including a coil part and a magnet part. The first prism may be disposed inside the image stabilization control unit. The second prism may be a variable wedge prism. The image stabilization control unit may control the path of the light beam by changing the shape of the second prism through the magnet part.

The embodiment relates to an image stabilization device and a camera module including the same. The image stabilization device according to the embodiment includes: a first prism for changing a path of a light beam; a second prism disposed below the first prism and changing a path of light beam emitted from the first prism; an image stabilization control unit for controlling a shape of the second prism including a coil part and a magnet part. The first prism may be disposed inside the image stabilization control unit. The second prism may be a variable wedge prism. The image stabilization control unit may control the path of the light beam by changing the shape of the second prism through the magnet part.

Apparatus and methods for measuring mode spectra for ion-exchanged glass substrates having a steep index region are disclosed. An interfacing fluid is provided between the coupling prism and the glass substrate. The interfacing fluid thickness is selected so that the variation in modal birefringence with fluid thickness is reduced to an acceptable level. The coupling prism can include a prism coating on the coupling surface so that the substrate-prism interface includes the prism coating. The coupling prism can also include stand-off members that serve to define the thickness of the interfacing fluid.

Apparatus and methods for measuring mode spectra for ion-exchanged glass substrates having a steep index region are disclosed. An interfacing fluid is provided between the coupling prism and the glass substrate. The interfacing fluid thickness is selected so that the variation in modal birefringence with fluid thickness is reduced to an acceptable level. The coupling prism can include a prism coating on the coupling surface so that the substrate-prism interface includes the prism coating. The coupling prism can also include stand-off members that serve to define the thickness of the interfacing fluid.

The present disclosure provides a display device and driving method thereof. The display device includes a display panel, a first optical unit and a second optical unit. The first optical unit is located at a light emerging side of the display panel, and the second optical unit is located at a light emerging side of the first optical unit. The first optical unit is configured to converge light emitted from the display panel to a convergent point, and the second optical unit is configured to convert the light emitted from the convergent point into emergent light and emit the emergent light, so that a display area of the display panel observed by human eyes through the emergent light is adjustable. In this way, the display PPI of the display panel observed by the human eyes is adjustable.

The present disclosure provides a display device and driving method thereof. The display device includes a display panel, a first optical unit and a second optical unit. The first optical unit is located at a light emerging side of the display panel, and the second optical unit is located at a light emerging side of the first optical unit. The first optical unit is configured to converge light emitted from the display panel to a convergent point, and the second optical unit is configured to convert the light emitted from the convergent point into emergent light and emit the emergent light, so that a display area of the display panel observed by human eyes through the emergent light is adjustable. In this way, the display PPI of the display panel observed by the human eyes is adjustable.

The present invention involves a rear projection display screen, including at least one assembly including: a film having a surface facing the back of the screen including ridges defining prisms; and an element of controllable refraction index, coating the ridged surface of said film.