Apparatus and methods for measuring mode spectra for ion-exchanged glass substrates having a steep index region are disclosed. An interfacing fluid is provided between the coupling prism and the glass substrate. The interfacing fluid thickness is selected so that the variation in modal birefringence with fluid thickness is reduced to an acceptable level. The coupling prism can include a prism coating on the coupling surface so that the substrate-prism interface includes the prism coating. The coupling prism can also include stand-off members that serve to define the thickness of the interfacing fluid.

Apparatus and methods for measuring mode spectra for ion-exchanged glass substrates having a steep index region are disclosed. An interfacing fluid is provided between the coupling prism and the glass substrate. The interfacing fluid thickness is selected so that the variation in modal birefringence with fluid thickness is reduced to an acceptable level. The coupling prism can include a prism coating on the coupling surface so that the substrate-prism interface includes the prism coating. The coupling prism can also include stand-off members that serve to define the thickness of the interfacing fluid.

The invention relates to a lens, comprising a container (100) defining a volume (V) which is filled with a transparent liquid (2), wherein the container (10) comprises a transparent and elastically deformable membrane (20) and a rigid member (30), wherein the membrane (20) and the rigid member(30) delimit said volume (V), and a lens shaping element (200) that contacts the membrane (20) and defines an area (21) of said membrane (20), which area (21) has an adjustable curvature for adjusting the focal length of the lens (1). According to the invention, the lens (1) is configured to compensate a thermal expansion of the liquid (2) and/or a change of the refractive index of the liquid (2) due to an increased temperature of the liquid (2) in order to reduce an unwanted thermally induced change of the focal length of the lens (1).

An electromagnetic wave cloaking device is described. The device may include a plurality of first-type dielectric units, a plurality of second-type dielectric units, and a plurality of four kinds of spacers. The dielectric units and the spacers are arranged such that an electromagnetic wave incident into the cloaking device can be refracted within the device and around a cloaking area surrounded by the device.

An electromagnetic wave cloaking device is described. The device may include a plurality of first-type dielectric units, a plurality of second-type dielectric units, and a plurality of four kinds of spacers. The dielectric units and the spacers are arranged such that an electromagnetic wave incident into the cloaking device can be refracted within the device and around a cloaking area surrounded by the device.

The present invention relates to a lens device (1), comprising: a transparent and elastically expandable membrane (10), an optical element (20) opposing the membrane (10), a wall member (300), wherein the optical element (10) and the membrane (10) are connected to the wall member (300) such that a volume (V) is formed, a fluid (F) residing in said volume (V), and a lens shaping member (11) attached to the membrane (10). According to the invention the lens device (1) comprises an actuator means (40) that is designed to move the optical element (20) in an axial direction (A) with respect to the lens shaping member (11) so as to adjust the pressure of the fluid (F) residing inside the volume (V) and therewith a curvature of said membrane (10), wherein said axial direction (A) is oriented perpendicular to a plane spanned by the lens shaping member (11), and wherein said actuator means (40) is designed to tilt the optical element (20) with respect to said plane, particularly so as to form the volume into a prism for deflecting light passing the volume. Further, the invention relates to a method for adjusting a lens device (1) and for image stabilization.

The present invention relates to a lens device (1), comprising: a transparent and elastically expandable membrane (10), an optical element (20) opposing the membrane (10), a wall member (300), wherein the optical element (10) and the membrane (10) are connected to the wall member (300) such that a volume (V) is formed, a fluid (F) residing in said volume (V), and a lens shaping member (11) attached to the membrane (10). According to the invention the lens device (1) comprises an actuator means (40) that is designed to move the optical element (20) in an axial direction (A) with respect to the lens shaping member (11) so as to adjust the pressure of the fluid (F) residing inside the volume (V) and therewith a curvature of said membrane (10), wherein said axial direction (A) is oriented perpendicular to a plane spanned by the lens shaping member (11), and wherein said actuator means (40) is designed to tilt the optical element (20) with respect to said plane, particularly so as to form the volume into a prism for deflecting light passing the volume. Further, the invention relates to a method for adjusting a lens device (1) and for image stabilization.

A holographic display includes: a light source; at least one beam steerer configured to control a propagation direction of a beam emitted from the light source; an optical element configured to condense a beam passing through the at least one beam steerer; and a spatial light modulator configured to form a three-dimensional (3D) image by modulating a beam passing through the at least one beam steerer.

A holographic display includes: a light source; at least one beam steerer configured to control a propagation direction of a beam emitted from the light source; an optical element configured to condense a beam passing through the at least one beam steerer; and a spatial light modulator configured to form a three-dimensional (3D) image by modulating a beam passing through the at least one beam steerer.

The present invention relates to an optical device (1), comprising: a container (10) enclosing an internal space (11) of the container (10), the internal space (11) being filled with a transparent liquid (12), wherein the container (10) comprises a transparent and elastically deformable membrane (13) delimiting said internal space (11) at least partially, wherein the container (10) further comprises a transparent rigid optical element (2) being connected to said membrane (13), the rigid optical element (2) comprising an optical surface (20) facing the membrane (13), the rigid optical element (2) being configured to receive light (L) for passing the light (L) through the transparent liquid (12) residing in the internal space (11) of the container (10), wherein the optical device (1) further comprises a supporting structure (3) supporting the rigid optical element (2) so that the rigid optical element (2) is tiltable about at least a first tilting axis (X) extending along said optical surface (20) of the rigid optical element (2) to deflect light passing through the container (10), wherein the supporting structure (3) is configured to prevent a translation of the rigid optical element (2) in a direction parallel to an optical axis (A) of the optical device.