The monitoring probe (1) comprises: a FR-4 substrate (2) with two faces; two copper tracks (3) arranged on one of the faces of the substrate (2), with an electrical contact terminal (7) on the outside of the probe (1); a conductive region (6) with reference electrode functions, with an electrical contact terminal (8) on the outside of the probe (1), occupying the entire other face of the substrate (2); a passivating material layer (5) partially covering the copper tracks (3) and leaving two free zones (12, 13) of said tracks (3) uncovered, one of said free zones (12) corresponding to the electrical contact terminal (7) of the two copper tracks (3); and two ISE sensor elements (4) that are sensitive to at least one of the parameters of interest to be monitored in the ground, and arranged in the other of the free zones (13) of the two copper tracks (3).

A liquid analyzer is one that performs analysis in a state of being immersed in a flowing analysis target liquid, and in order to simply make a good/bad determination and increase reliability, includes: a sensor adapted to, in a state where a responsive membrane is immersed in the flowing analysis target liquid, sense a predetermined component contained in the analysis target liquid; an analysis mechanism adapted to analyze the analysis target liquid with use of voltage generated in the sensor; and a resistance measurement mechanism adapted to, in the state where the responsive membrane is immersed in the flowing analysis target liquid, apply DC voltage to the responsive membrane to measure the resistance of the responsive membrane.

An electrochemical sensor for potentiometric measurements in a measurement medium has a sensor head (201) at an end of a longitudinal sensor body (203). A sensing electrode (210) and a reference electrode (220) are disposed within the longitudinal sensor body. A liquid junction (223) is established between the reference electrode and the sensing electrode. The sensor is characterized by a protective outer shaft (250) with a polymeric sensor sleeve (230), which is electrically isolating, disposed within the protective outer shaft.

An electrode portion device is for use in a corrosion resistance test for a coated metal material that includes a metal base and a surface treatment film on the metal base material. The electrode portion device includes: a container body that is tubular and disposed on the surface treatment film, and configured to hold a water-containing material that is in contact with the surface treatment film inside; a lid for closing an upper opening of the container body; a through hole provided in an upper side wall of the container body; and an electrode in contact with the water-containing material contained inside the container body.

A damaged portion treatment method is for treating one or more damaged portions formed in a coated metal material that includes a metal base and a surface treatment film provided on the metal base, the one or more damaged portions reaching the metal base through the surface treatment film. The damaged portion treatment method includes the steps of: disposing a water-containing material to be in contact with one or two out of the damaged portions and one or two electrodes to be in contact with the water-containing material, and electrically connecting, with an external circuit, between the electrode and the metal base, or between the two electrodes; and supplying a current between the electrode and the metal base, or between the two electrodes while alternately switching a direction of the current flowing through the external circuit, with the external circuit.

The present invention relates to a new device for selective arsenic sensing using electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) based reusable flexible electrode strip. Active electrode of the device was prepared by a very simple method in which the thin film of graphene oxide (GO) was reduced electrochemically at a low DC potential (0 to -1.5 V). The said device selectively detects As.sup.3+ in field water sample within a wide range of concentrations with a limit of detection of less than 25 ppb. More importantly, the selectivity of the electrode is independent of conductivity and TDS levels of measured field water samples which were collected from various parts of India. Selective detection of As.sup.3+ by ERGO was controlled by optimizing the surface electronic conductivity through structural modification of it during electroreduction process.

An apparatus using a feature value extracted from a pulse waveform representing a transient change in ion current flowing between electrodes when a particle passes through a pore, as teacher data and data subject to analysis for machine learning. The apparatus includes a machine-learning program, a searcher, a host attribute table, and a feature value table, a host attribute table is searched using first host attribute information as a search key to extract a first host ID and a second host ID associated with the first host attribute information, a feature value table is searched using a first host ID as a search key to extract a first teacher feature value group obtained from first known particles of a first type, a feature value table is searched using a second host ID as a search key to extract a second teacher feature value group obtained from second known particles of the first type, learning is performed using the first teacher feature value group and the second teacher feature value group as teacher data and first particle type information representing the first type as a teacher label to calculate machine learning optimization parameters, and the machine learning optimization parameters with an input value that is a feature value group subject to analysis obtained from an unknown particle with a first host attribute are used to discriminate whether or not the unknown particle is of the first type.

Disclosed are apparatus, method and system for monitoring mold based on weak electrical signals. The apparatus comprises a mold collector, a power supply, a trans-impedance amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the mold collector is smeared with a trophoplasm, and a substrate of the mold collector has electrical conductivity, the power supply is used for applying a voltage to the substrate of the mold collector, the trans-impedance amplifier is used for amplifying a weak current generated from the substrate of the mold collector to a voltage signal, and the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the voltage signal amplified by the trans-impedance amplifier into a digital signal for determining the quantity of molds.

The present invention relates to a bio-electrode for current measurement including silicon carbide (SiC) doped at least partially with nitrogen (N). The bio-electrode for current measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention is a bio-electrode for a current measurement which is contact with an object to be analyzed, which generates a current signal by an electrochemical reaction, and includes silicon carbide (SiC) doped at least partially with nitrogen (N). The electrode may be used in a high-sensitive bio-quantification kit, a high-sensitive bio-quantification device, and an immunoassay device.

A microbial sensor, microbial sensing system, and method that can be used to determine the chemical environment of unsaturated soils, rhizosphere, and/or plants are disclosed. The microbial sensing system can be used for monitoring the health of plants including nutrients, salinity, contaminants, chemicals (pesticides, herbicides) and diseases. A microbial sensing system can include one or more indicator electrodes and a reference electrode. The microbial sensing system can include a signal acquisition and/or communication module to allow the real-time collection of data from field deployments and laboratory investigations.