The invention relates to a method for the controlled delivery of a drug as a function of bioavailable drug concentration, a sensor device for detecting bioavailable drug concentration, and a delivery device that controls delivery of the drug based on the real-time detection of bioavailable drug concentration.

A filter contamination measuring device includes: a working electrode adjacent to a first surface of a filter, the filter configured to adsorb an ionic material of a first polarity, a counter electrode disposed on the other surface of the filter, a potentiostat configured to apply a voltage of a second polarity to the working electrode for a predetermined period of time, and to measure current output from the working electrode. The potentiostat is configured to increase the voltage over the predetermined amount of time. The filter contamination measuring device further includes a controller configured to calculate a maximum current attained during the predetermined amount of time and a corresponding voltage value, and to determine the type and concentration of the ionic material based on the maximum current and the voltage value.

A filter contamination measuring device includes: a working electrode adjacent to a first surface of a filter, the filter configured to adsorb an ionic material of a first polarity, a counter electrode disposed on the other surface of the filter, a potentiostat configured to apply a voltage of a second polarity to the working electrode for a predetermined period of time, and to measure current output from the working electrode. The potentiostat is configured to increase the voltage over the predetermined amount of time. The filter contamination measuring device further includes a controller configured to calculate a maximum current attained during the predetermined amount of time and a corresponding voltage value, and to determine the type and concentration of the ionic material based on the maximum current and the voltage value.

A method for prolonging a usage lifetime of a micro biosensor to measure a physiological signal associated with an analyte is provided. The micro biosensor includes a working electrode, a counter electrode including silver and a silver halide having an initial amount, and an auxiliary electrode. The method includes cyclic steps of: applying a measurement voltage to drive the working electrode to measure the physiological signal; stopping applying the measurement voltage; and whenever the physiological parameter is obtained, applying a replenishment voltage between the counter electrode and the auxiliary electrode to drive the counter electrode, thereby the silver halide of a replenishment amount being replenished to the counter electrode, wherein a guarding value of a sum of the replenishment amount and the initial amount subtracting a consumption amount is controlled within a range of the initial amount plus or minus a specific value.

A sensor including first and second electrodes can be used to determine the concentration of at least one chemical constituent in a fluid sample under test. The electrodes can be disposed in the fluid sample and a predetermined voltage can be applied to a first electrode. The voltage can cause a current to flow between the first and second electrodes through the sample, the current dependent on the concentration of the chemical constituent in the fluid sample. A sense resistor is coupled to the first electrode such that the current flowing between the electrodes flows through the sense resistor. A processor electrically isolated from the electrodes can receive data signals indicative of the voltage drop across the sense resistor and the voltage applied at the first electrode. The received signals can be used to determine the concentration of the constituent in the fluid sample.

A sensor including first and second electrodes can be used to determine the concentration of at least one chemical constituent in a fluid sample under test. The electrodes can be disposed in the fluid sample and a predetermined voltage can be applied to a first electrode. The voltage can cause a current to flow between the first and second electrodes through the sample, the current dependent on the concentration of the chemical constituent in the fluid sample. A sense resistor is coupled to the first electrode such that the current flowing between the electrodes flows through the sense resistor. A processor electrically isolated from the electrodes can receive data signals indicative of the voltage drop across the sense resistor and the voltage applied at the first electrode. The received signals can be used to determine the concentration of the constituent in the fluid sample.

An electrochemical cell includes a plurality of working electrode zones disposed, and defining a pattern, on a surface of the cell and at least one auxiliary electrode disposed on the surface. The auxiliary electrode may have a defined interfacial potential.

An electrochemical cell includes a plurality of working electrode zones disposed, and defining a pattern, on a surface of the cell and at least one auxiliary electrode disposed on the surface. The auxiliary electrode may have a defined interfacial potential.

The present invention discloses a portable system comprised of an electrochemical cell for batch injection analysis (BIA) coupled to a copper oxide electrode for the selective determination and quantification of monoethylene glycol (MEG) from different petrochemical samples with application in the environment laboratory and in field analyses, aiming at the quality control of these samples by portable methodology and in a short analysis time.

The present invention discloses a portable system comprised of an electrochemical cell for batch injection analysis (BIA) coupled to a copper oxide electrode for the selective determination and quantification of monoethylene glycol (MEG) from different petrochemical samples with application in the environment laboratory and in field analyses, aiming at the quality control of these samples by portable methodology and in a short analysis time.