An ultraviolet (UV) absorbance assay for measuring the concentration of large RNA molecules such as mRNA in suspensions comprising RNA-lipid nanoparticles (RNA-LNPs) is described.

An ultraviolet (UV) absorbance assay for measuring the concentration of large RNA molecules such as mRNA in suspensions comprising RNA-lipid nanoparticles (RNA-LNPs) is described.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for determining the presence of microorganisms in biological fluids by processing extracellular vesicles. The fluids are treated with a composition comprising a pH buffer, a nonionic surfactant, a zwitterionic detergent, an anionic surfactant, and a reducing agent. This treatment solubilizes extracellular vesicles in the fluid, enhancing the ability of diagnostic tools to find the microorganisms. The extracellular vesicles may also be isolated before solubilizing.

A strip structure for measuring potassium ions includes: a strip having an inner space for receiving a solution therein and being formed in a plate shape; an inlet formed in the strip and capable of injecting a solution into the inner space of the strip; a potassium ion selective membrane arranged in the inner space and capable of permeating potassium ions of the solution; and a first working electrode extending in a strip shape, wherein one side of the first working electrode is arranged inside the potassium ion selective membrane and the other side of the first working electrode is on a surface of the strip.

The disclosure provides a method of detecting heterogeneity of disease in a cancer patient comprising (a) performing a direct analysis comprising immunofluorescent staining and morphological characteristization of nucleated cells in a blood sample obtained from the patient to identify and enumerate circulating tumor cells (CTC); (b) isolating the CTCs from the sample; (c) individually characterizing genomic parameters to generate a genomic profile for each of the CTCs, and (d) determining heterogeneity of disease in the cancer patient based on the profile. In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is hormone refractory.

The disclosure provides a method of detecting heterogeneity of disease in a cancer patient comprising (a) performing a direct analysis comprising immunofluorescent staining and morphological characteristization of nucleated cells in a blood sample obtained from the patient to identify and enumerate circulating tumor cells (CTC); (b) isolating the CTCs from the sample; (c) individually characterizing genomic parameters to generate a genomic profile for each of the CTCs, and (d) determining heterogeneity of disease in the cancer patient based on the profile. In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is hormone refractory.

The present specification discloses an apparatus and method for controlling the brightness of light to calculate more accurate figures as compared to when the level of a component in blood is measured through a change in color of a reaction reagent. A light control apparatus for a colorimetric method according to the present specification can control light to have a second brightness different from a first brightness while a camera captures an image of the reaction of a reagent and a sample. Thus, a wider range of measurement than conventional measurement ranges is possible.

The present specification discloses an apparatus and method for controlling the brightness of light to calculate more accurate figures as compared to when the level of a component in blood is measured through a change in color of a reaction reagent. A light control apparatus for a colorimetric method according to the present specification can control light to have a second brightness different from a first brightness while a camera captures an image of the reaction of a reagent and a sample. Thus, a wider range of measurement than conventional measurement ranges is possible.

A portable detection kit for identifying the presence of narcotic compounds (NCs) includes at least one chemical dye, a catalytic reagent, at least one solvent, and a least one surfactant. The at least one dry chemical dye is configured to undergo physic-chemical interaction with at least one predetermined NC to produce a color visible change. The at least one predetermined NC is selected from the group consisting of fentanyl analogues (FAs) and narcotics containing nitrogen heterocyclic moiety.

A portable detection kit for identifying the presence of narcotic compounds (NCs) includes at least one chemical dye, a catalytic reagent, at least one solvent, and a least one surfactant. The at least one dry chemical dye is configured to undergo physic-chemical interaction with at least one predetermined NC to produce a color visible change. The at least one predetermined NC is selected from the group consisting of fentanyl analogues (FAs) and narcotics containing nitrogen heterocyclic moiety.