Proposed is a laser treatment device having a cooling system, the device including a laser module which irradiates a patient's skin with a laser, a sensing unit which detects a temperature of a surface of the patient's skin before, during, or after the skin is heated by the laser, a cooling module which includes an inlet which receives a refrigerant from a refrigerant storage unit, a nozzle which sprays the refrigerant on the skin, a conduit which connects the inlet with the nozzle, an flow rate control unit which controls a spray amount of the refrigerant by using a valve which is positioned on the conduit and connects or disconnects the inlet with or from the nozzle, and a refrigerant condition control unit which applies a thermal energy to the refrigerant by using a thermoelectric element located between the flow rate control unit and the nozzle.

A method includes receiving: (i) a position of a target tissue intended to be ablated in an organ of a patient and having a predefined pattern, and (ii) an energy level of an ablation signal intended to be applied to the target tissue. One or more selected ablation electrodes that, when applying the ablation signal, produce together a lesion having a shape that covers the predefined pattern, are selected in a catheter that is inserted into the organ and has an array of ablation electrodes. In response to verifying that: (i) the one or more selected ablation electrodes are positioned on the target tissue, and (ii) a contact force between the one or more selected ablation electrode and the target tissue is larger than a force threshold, the ablation signal is applied to the target tissue using the one or more selected ablation electrodes.

The invention provides for a system for estimating a 3-dimensional treatment volume for a device that applies treatment energy through a plurality of electrodes defining a treatment area, the system comprising a memory, a display device, a processor coupled to the memory and the display device, and a treatment planning module stored in the memory and executable by the processor. In one embodiment, the treatment planning module is adapted to generate an estimated first 3-dimensional treatment volume for display in the display device based on the ratio of a maximum conductivity of the treatment area to a baseline conductivity of the treatment area. The invention also provides for a method for estimating 3-dimensional treatment volume, the steps of which are executable through the processor. In embodiments, the system and method are based on a numerical model which may be implemented in computer readable code which is executable through a processor.

A treatment system that includes a treatment instrument to apply a treatment energy to a living tissue from an end effector according to a supplied electric power to incise the living tissue, an imaging device to generate a captured image capturing a state in which the treatment energy is applied from the end effector to the living tissue, and a control device that includes a processor to control operation of the imaging device. The processor acquires the captured image, calculates a temporal change amount based on any one of a predetermined point and a predetermined area in the captured image as a determination value, determines whether incision of the living tissue has been completed based on the determination value, and in response to determining that incision of the living tissue has been completed, execute an instruction to stop supply of the electric power to the treatment instrument.

Systems and methods for controlling an irrigation flow rate during a lithotripsy procedure are provided. The system includes a laser configured for lithotripsy procedure, a lithotripsy irrigation system, and a temperature sensor configured to provide input to enable control of a flow of the lithotripsy irrigation system in response to a change in temperature from the operation of the laser.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are described for treatment of varicocele and associated conditions. In some embodiments, systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can include forming one or more fluid connections or fistulas between blood vessels such as a gonadal vein (e.g., spermatic vein, ovarian vein) and surrounding veins. In some embodiments, systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can include occluding one or more blood vessels such as a gonadal vein (e.g., spermatic vein, ovarian vein). In some embodiments, systems, apparatus and methods described herein relate to flow diverters, replacement valves, etc., e.g., for treatment of varicocele and associated conditions.

Control systems and methods for delivery of energy that may include control algorithms that prevent energy delivery if a fault is detected and may provide energy delivery to produce a substantially constant temperature at a delivery site. In some embodiments, the control systems and methods may be used to control the delivery of energy, such as radiofrequency energy, to body tissue, such as lung tissue.

A surgical instrument comprising a jaw assembly is disclosed. The surgical instrument further comprises a motor-driven drive system configured to open the jaw assembly. The surgical instrument also comprises a control system configured to control the drive system and, also, control a power supply system configured to supply electrical power to electrodes defined in the outer surface, or outer surfaces, of the jaw assembly. In use, the surgical instrument can be used to apply mechanical energy and electrical energy to the tissue of a patient at the same time, or at different times. In certain embodiments, the user controls when the mechanical and electrical energies are applied. In some embodiments, the control system controls when the mechanical and electrical energies are applied.

A system for controlling operation of a radiofrequency treatment device to apply radiofrequency energy to tissue to heat tissue to create lesions without ablating the tissue. The system includes a first treatment device having at least one electrode for applying radiofrequency energy to tissue, a controller including a connector to which a first treatment device is coupled for use, and a generator for applying radiofrequency energy to the electrodes. The controller controls application of energy so that the tissue is thermally treated to create lesions but preventing thermal treatment beyond a threshold which would ablate the tissue.

Various embodiments are directed to an electrosurgical system including an end effector, a jaw closure trigger, and a control circuit. The end effector includes a first jaw and a second jaw. The control circuit is configured to receive an input indicating a repeat mode, apply a first tissue bite algorithm to a first electrode and a second electrode based on an occurrence of a first tissue bite, enter a hold state at a termination of the first tissue bite algorithm, and determine an occurrence of a second tissue bite. The first tissue bite is based on the second jaw moving toward a closed configuration via the jaw closure trigger. Entering the hold state includes maintaining a sub-therapeutic signal. Determining the occurrence of the second tissue bite includes sensing a reduction in impedance between the first electrode and the second electrode via the sub-therapeutic signal.