A biomarker detection apparatus in which a CMOS-based chip is used to generate independent detection signals from a reaction zone that receives a biological sample, where the biological sample is provided to both a test region and positive and negative control regions within the reaction zone. The independent detection signals can be processed together (i.e. as a group of input parameters for an algorithm) to identify the presence of a biomarker (or a plurality of biomarkers) in a biological sample. The use of sample-specific, independently detectable positive and negative controls facilitates improved detection accuracy.

A method for detecting a species of bacteria in a sample solution. The method includes putting the sample solution in contact with an array of zinc oxide nanorods on a gate region of a field effect transistor (FET) biosensor, applying an alternating current (AC) voltage between source and drain electrodes of the FET biosensor, applying a first direct current (DC) voltage of V.sub.1 to the sample solution, measuring a first set of electrical impedance values (Z.sub.1) between the source region and the drain region, calculating a first impedance difference set (ΔZ.sub.1) between the Z.sub.1 and a respective first initial set of electrical impedance values (Z.sub.1.sup.0) associated with a bacteria-free reference solution, determining bacteria indicative factors including a first impedance difference peak value (ΔZ.sub.1m) and a respective peak frequency (f.sub.m), and detecting a presence of a first species of bacteria in the sample solution based on the bacteria indicative factors.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a molecular electronics sensor array chip comprises: (a) an integrated circuit semiconductor chip; and (b) a plurality of molecular electronic sensor devices disposed thereon, each of said sensor devices comprising: (i) a pair of nanoscale source and drain electrodes separated by a nanogap; (ii) a gate electrode; and (iii) a bridge and/or probe molecule spanning the nanogap and connecting the source and drain electrodes, wherein the molecular electronic sensor devices are organized into an electronically addressable, controllable, and readable array of sensor pixels.

A sensor array includes a semiconductor substrate, a first plurality of FET sensors and a second plurality of FET sensors. Each of the FET sensors includes a channel region between a source and a drain region in the semiconductor substrate and underlying a gate structure disposed on a first side of the channel region, and a dielectric layer disposed on a second side of the channel region opposite from the first side of the channel region. A first plurality of capture reagents is coupled to the dielectric layer over the channel region of the first plurality of FET sensors, and a second plurality of capture reagents is coupled to the dielectric layer over the channel region of the second plurality of FET sensors. The second plurality of capture reagents is different from the first plurality of capture reagents.

A sensing chip attached to a bandage monitors the healing process of a wound by detecting growth factors, thrombin and fibrinogen. The complementary metal-oxide semiconductor includes a functionalized working electrode, functionalized counter electrode and functionalized reference electrode. The healing progress is stimulated by generating oxygen in the wound.

A small transistor type sensor capable of detecting a specific compound such as oxytocin is provided. The transistor type sensor includes a detection electrode that detects a compound by capturing the compound, and a field effect transistor that has a gate electrode connected to the detection electrode, wherein a surface of the detection electrode is provided with a film of a molecularly imprinted polymer having a space to which the compound is allowed to bond.

A high data rate integrated circuit, such as an integrated circuit including a large sensor array, may be implemented using clock multipliers in individual power domains, coupled to sets of transmitters, including a transmitter pair configuration. Reference clock distribution circuitry on the integrated circuit distributes a relatively low speed reference clock. In a transmitter pair configuration, each pair comprises a first transmitter and a second transmitter in a transmitter power domain. Also, each pair of transmitters includes a clock multiplier connected to the reference clock distribution circuitry, and disposed between the first and second transmitters, which produces a local transmit clock.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a molecular electronics sensor array chip comprises: (a) an integrated circuit semiconductor chip; and (b) a plurality of molecular electronic sensor devices disposed thereon, each of said sensor devices comprising: (i) a pair of nanoscale source and drain electrodes separated by a nanogap; (ii) a gate electrode; and (iii) a bridge and/or probe molecule spanning the nanogap and connecting the source and drain electrodes, wherein the molecular electronic sensor devices are organized into an electronically addressable, controllable, and readable array of sensor pixels.

The invention achieves a lower noise of a sense signal of a FET-type hydrogen sensor. For solving the above problem, one aspect of a sensor system of the invention includes a reference device and a sensor device configured using FETs on a substrate, and further, well potentials of the reference device and the sensor device are electrically isolated from each other.

A semiconductor device includes a first gate electrode, an insulating part, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a contact part. The insulating part is on one surface of the first gate electrode. The source electrode is connected to the insulating part. The drain electrode is connected to the insulating part. The contact part is between the source electrode and the drain electrode and on the insulating part. The contact part contains an atomic layered material. The contact part has a second part contactable with a sample. The second surface is opposite to a first surface facing the insulating part. A surface of the insulating part, the surface facing the contact part, has an uneven structure with respect to the first gate electrode.