Peptide with high binding affinity for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The peptide has an amino acid sequence of SEQ.ID.NO.1, or the peptide is a tandem or branched peptide with a single repeat or multiple repeats of SEQ.ID.NO.1 and SEQ.ID.NO.3 and has an amino acid sequence of SEQ.ID.NO.4. The peptide can bind to TNF-α with high affinity and can antagonize TNF-α function. When being directly injected to an animal, the peptide can significantly reduce the degree of inflammation of an animal body and improve the resistance of the animal body on an inflammatory damage. The peptide can be used for developing TNF-α antagonist drugs for treating various acute and chronic inflammatory damage, such as inflammatory, autoimmune and stress damage caused by physical, chemical and biological factors. Thus, the peptide has an extremely wide application prospect. Moreover, the peptide has a small molecular weight and low immunogenicity, and is easy to synthesize, thereby avoiding the side effects and disadvantages of traditional monoclonal antibody drug antagonists.

With the aim of proving an antibacterial composition against oral bacteria and the like capable of inducing Th1 cell proliferation or activation in an intestinal tract, the present inventors have found out that bacteria that suppress colonization and the like of the oral bacteria and the like in the intestinal tract are present in an intestinal microbiota. Moreover, the present inventors have succeeded in isolating intestinal bacteria that suppress intestinal colonization and the like of oral bacteria and the like.

An in vitro or ex vivo method, based on the measurement of the expression of cytokine(s), from a patient's blood sample, incubated with a stimulus, for determining the risk of occurrence of a healthcare-associated infection in the patient, within seven days following the day on which the collection of the biological sample has been performed from the patient.

A method of diagnosing and treating a cardiovascular disease in a patient, the method comprising the steps of: determining whether the patient has an increase in stem cell memory T (T.sub.scm) cells by: obtaining or having obtained a biological sample from the patient; performing or having performed an assay on the biological sample to determine the amount of T.sub.scm in the patient, wherein the T scm are at least one of: CD8+CD45RA+CCR7+CD27+CD28+CD95+ T cells, CD4+CD45RA+CCR7+CD27+CD28+CD95+ T cells, or CD8+CD3+CD45RA+CCR7+C D45RO− CD95+ T cells; identifying that the patient has an increase in T.sub.scm when compared to the amount of T.sub.scm in a healthy patient; and if the patient has an increase in T.sub.scm, then administering therapy for the treatment of the cardiovascular disease to the patient.

Provided herein are methods for the treatment of viral infections and inflammation secondary to viral infections (e.g., coronavirus infections (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), etc.) and diseases (e.g., Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)) associated therewith by the administration of low doses of tocilizumab to a subject. In particular embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising doses of 200 mg or less of tocilizumab and methods for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections, COVID-19, inflammation secondary to such infections, and symptoms or other conditions arising as a result thereof.

The disclosure provides nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compositions and methods of use thereof. Specifically, the disclosure provides cell-free or substantially cell-free regenerative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compositions derived from placenta and/or from MSC cells isolated therefrom, methods for producing said compositions, and uses thereof to treat chronic and acute inflammatory conditions and diseases.

The invention provides methods, kits and reagents for diagnosing fibromyalgia (FM) in an individual by determining whether the levels of one or more cytokines in the individual are altered, as compared to control levels. The altered level(s) or patterns of expression of the cytokines measured in the affected individual compared to the level from the control is predictive/indicative of FM in the individual.

The invention “use of biomarker or biomarkers combination in preparing a diagnostic reagent for fulminant myocarditis and a drug for fulminant myocarditis” belongs to the field of disease diagnostic reagents and drugs. The biomarker comprises Siglec-5. The biomarkers combination is further selected from the group consisting of sST2, PAI-1, Siglec-5, CD163, CD40, P-Cadherin, CD14, CTLA4. The invention finds that the levels of the biomarker in plasma of patients with fulminant myocarditis is increased, and proves that the biomarker plays a role in diagnosing fulminant myocarditis and a role as a drug target in relieving and/or improving fulminant myocarditis. The level of the biomarker can be detected to forecast or auxiliary diagnose fulminant myocarditis or estimate prognosis of fulminant myocarditis. Meanwhile, level of the biomarkers is controlled through drugs, more intensified diagnosis and follow-up treatment can be carried out on diseases, and the biomarkers have huge clinical application value.

Fully human monoclonal Abs includes (i) an antigen-binding variable region that exhibits very high binding affinity for IL-1α and (ii) a constant region that is effective at both activating the complement system though C1q binding and binding to several different Fc receptors.

Disclosed are compositions, methods, apparatus and kits that take advantage of peripheral blood biomarkers for diagnosing and/or monitoring the Th1 immune status of a subject. In particular, the methods, apparatus and kits are useful for diagnosis, monitoring, making treatment decisions, or management of subjects suspected of having Th1-related disease.