Disclosed are compositions and methods for detecting the presence or level of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), or for diagnosing GHB toxicity or overdose.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a semiconductor device. A non-limiting example of the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of metal nanopillars formed on the substrate. The semiconductor device also includes an amperometric sensor associated with one of the plurality of nanopillars, wherein the amperometric sensor is selective to an enzyme-active neurotransmitter. The semiconductor device also includes a resistivity sensor associated with a pair of nanopillars, wherein the resistivity sensor is selective to an analyte.

Compounds and methods for use in detecting pregabalin in a sample suspected of containing pregabalin are disclosed. Pregabalin derivatives are described for producing pregabalin conjugates. A pregabalin-immunogenic carrier conjugate may be used as an immunogen for the preparation of an anti-pregabalin antibody. A pregabalin-detectable label conjugate may be used in a signal producing system in pregabalin assays.

The present disclosure relates to a method for measuring the intensity of pain and, more particularly, provides a method capable of measuring the intensity of pain by providing a pain template.

The present invention relates to a method for identifying molecules promoting or inhibiting dopaminergic neuronal differentiation and/or death of dopaminergic neurons in a three-dimensional cell culture. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing dopaminergic neurons in a three-dimensional cell culture. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for segmenting an image of a cell culture.

Compounds and methods for use in detecting pregabalin in a sample suspected of containing pregabalin are disclosed. Pregabalin derivatives are described for producing pregabalin conjugates. A pregabalin-immunogenic carrier conjugate may be used as an immunogen for the preparation of an anti-pregabalin antibody. A pregabalin-detectable label conjugate may be used in a signal producing system in pregabalin assays.

Imaging based detection of changes in extracellular neurotransmitter concentration in living tissue is achieved using novel nanotube-based sensors. The sensors are functionalized, neurocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) comprising an adsorbed neurotransmitter analyte selective polynucleotide.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a semiconductor device. A non-limiting example of the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of metal nanopillars formed on the substrate. The semiconductor device also includes an amperometric sensor associated with one of the plurality of nanopillars, wherein the amperometric sensor is selective to an enzyme-active neurotransmitter. The semiconductor device also includes a resistivity sensor associated with a pair of nanopillars, wherein the resistivity sensor is selective to an analyte.

A biocompatible microelectrode for in vivo and/or in vitro instant monitoring of the neurotransmitter release and reuptake for brain diseases and behavior disorders, which has a recording surface located on the end portion that contacts the neurotransmitter and a conductive circuit which is positioned on the holding portion which enables holding the biocompatible microelectrode during application, and which transfers the measurement data taken from the recording surface to sensors/measurement device. Selective and precise in vivo and in vitro measurement of the neurotransmitter is enabled by coating the isolated recording surface of the biocompatible microelectrode with a biocompatible surface coating.

Compounds and methods for use in detecting pregabalin in a sample suspected of containing pregabalin are disclosed. Pregabalin derivatives are described for producing pregabalin conjugates. A pregabalin-immunogenic carrier conjugate may be used as an immunogen for the preparation of an anti-pregabalin antibody. A pregabalin-detectable label conjugate may be used in a signal producing system in pregabalin assays.