Methods of forming a toner are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises forming a toner from a mixture of at least one resin, at least one wax, and optionally, at least one colorant, wherein the at least one wax is of a type and is present at an amount which are selected to provide a predetermined PER.sub.10 value for the toner; and measuring a PER.sub.10 value for the toner, wherein the measured PER.sub.10 value for the toner is equal to or less than the predetermined PER.sub.10 value. Toners formed using the methods are also provided.

Methods of forming a toner are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises forming a toner from a mixture of at least one resin, at least one wax, and optionally, at least one colorant, wherein the at least one wax is of a type and is present at an amount which are selected to provide a predetermined PER.sub.10 value for the toner; and measuring a PER.sub.10 value for the toner, wherein the measured PER.sub.10 value for the toner is equal to or less than the predetermined PER.sub.10 value. Toners formed using the methods are also provided.

To provide an efficient method for producing a negatively chargeable toner in which a carbon black (as a colorant) is well dispersed and which has high chargeability, has excellent transfer efficiency, prevent a white spot and provides an image with sufficient image density. Disclosed is a method for producing a negatively chargeable toner, the method including: a suspension step of obtaining a suspension in which droplets of a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least a polymerizable monomer, a carbon black, a softening agent and a charge control agent, which is a specific, sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer, are dispersed, by suspending the polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersion stabilizer, and a step of obtaining colored resin particles by suspension polymerization using the suspension in the presence of a polymerization initiator.

An image forming apparatus including an image forming unit, a unit holder, and circuitry is provided. The image forming unit includes a color toner unit, a replaceable black toner unit, and a replaceable special toner unit that form a color toner image, a black toner image, and a special toner image, respectively. The unit holder selectively and detachably holds the replaceable black toner unit or the replaceable special toner unit. The circuitry controls the image forming unit to perform: a normal operation, when the unit holder holds the replaceable black toner unit, that forms a color-black image; a special operation, when the unit holder holds the replaceable special toner unit, that forms a color-special image; and a toner amount increase control that increases an amount of the color toner per unit area in the color toner image in the special operation than that in the normal operation.

A process includes forming an emulsion comprising a monomer and a colorant, the colorant further including an anionic functional group and a lipophilic counter ion, and polymerizing the monomer to form a latex, the latex includes polymer nanoparticles having the colorant dispersed therein.

The present disclosure describes poly(styrene/acrylate)-polyester hybrid particles, wherein poly(styrene/acrylate) polymers are polymerized and entangled within a polyester seed particle in an interpenetrating polymer network.

A hybrid toner composition including a first wax; a second wax that is different from the first wax; wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax having a peak melting point of from about 60 to about 80 C.; wherein the second wax comprises an ester wax having a peak melting point of from about 60 to about 80 C.; a first resin comprising an amorphous polyester resin and at second resin comprising at least one of a styrene, an acrylate, or a combination thereof; and an optional colorant.

A toner having a toner particle containing a resin component, wherein the resin component contains an olefin copolymer having ester group and the like, which has a unit (1), and a unit Y2 that is at least one selected from (2) and (3), the content of the copolymer in the resin component is at least 50 mass % with respect to the total mass of the resin component, and the content of the monomer unit Y2 is 3 to 35 mass % with respect to the total mass of the copolymer; ##STR00001## in formulas (1) to (3), R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 each independently represent H or CH.sub.3, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 each independently represent CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2H.sub.5.

A toner for electrophotography containing a resin binder containing a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin, and a releasing agent, wherein the crystalline resin contains a crystalline composite resin C containing a polycondensation resin component and a styrenic resin component, wherein the polycondensation resin component is obtained by polycondensing a specified alcohol component and a specified carboxylic acid component, and wherein the amorphous resin contains an amorphous composite resin AC containing a polycondensation resin component and a styrenic resin component, wherein the polycondensation resin component is obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component and a specified carboxylic acid component, and an amorphous polyester AP obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component and a specified carboxylic acid component, wherein a softening point of the amorphous polyester AP is higher than a softening point of the amorphous composite resin AC, wherein a difference in softening points between the amorphous polyester AP and the amorphous composite resin AC is 10 C. or more and 50 C. or less. The toner for electrophotography of the present invention is suitably used in development of latent images or the like which is formed in, for example, electrostatic development method, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Provided is a toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a wax, wherein the solubility parameter S.sub.P of the binder resin is at least 9.4 and not more than 10.0; the binder resin contains a resin having a structure represented by the following formula (1) in the terminal position on a main chain of the resin,

*CORformula (1)

(in formula (1), R represents a phenyl group or a derivative thereof, or COOR.sub.1, R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, and * represents a bond to the main chain of the resin); the solubility parameter S.sub.W of the wax is at least 8.1 and not more than 9.0; and S.sub.P and S.sub.W satisfy formula (2),

|S.sub.PS.sub.W|>0.5formula (2).