A working electrode measuring the presence of an analyte is described as one embodiment. The working electrode includes a working conductor with a reactive surface that is operated at a first potential. The working electrode further includes a first transport material with properties that enable analyte flux to the reactive surface. Additionally, the working electrode has a second transport material with properties that enable reactant flux to the reactive surface, wherein the analyte flux and the reactant flux are in dissimilar directions.

A microsensor and method of manufacture for a microsensor, comprising an array of filaments, wherein each filament of the array of filaments comprises a substrate and a conductive layer coupled to the substrate and configured to facilitate analyte detection. Each filament of the array of filaments can further comprise an insulating layer configured to isolate regions defined by the conductive layer for analyte detection, a sensing layer coupled to the conductive layer, configured to enable transduction of an ionic concentration to an electronic voltage, and a selective coating coupled to the sensing layer, configured to facilitate detection of specific target analytes/ions. The microsensor facilitates detection of at least one analyte present in a body fluid of a user interfacing with the microsensor.

Embodiments of the invention provide amperometric analyte sensors having optimized elements such as interference rejection membranes as well as methods for making and using such sensors. The amperometric analyte sensor apparatus comprises: a base layer; a conductive layer disposed on the base layer and comprising a working electrode; an interference rejection membrane disposed on an electroactive surface of the working electrode, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers crosslinked by an acid crosslinker, wherein the crosslinker is a dicarboxylic acid type monomer or a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid group; and an analyte sensing layer. While embodiments of the innovation can be used in a variety of contexts, typical embodiments of the invention include glucose sensors used in the management of diabetes.

The double layer capacitance of a working electrode of a sensor may be measured with minimal disruption to the sensor equilibrium by open circuiting the working electrode and measuring the voltage drift on a periodic, or as-needed, basis. The values of the double layer capacitance may be monitored over time to determine, e.g., sensor age and condition.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for a crosslinking agent for the preparation of a sensing layer or a diffusion control layer of an electrochemical biosensor comprising genipin or a derivative thereof, in which due to the properties of genipin that can be extracted and used from plants, not only it has high biocompatibility compared to conventional crosslinking agents with high toxicity, but also it can easily confirm the progress of the reaction by measuring UV or measuring the amount of amine groups present when reacting with a compound having an amine group, for example, an electron transport medium, and additionally, it has the advantage of suppressing a rapid decrease in sensor life due to high concentration of glucose while maintaining an appropriate sensitivity to glucose.

A device for the detection of a target analyte in solution is provided. The device comprises a gate-keeper membrane made of a substrate having a first receptor surface for exposure to the target analyte and a second opposing surface exposed to a detector, wherein the substrate is adapted to incorporate pores sufficient to permit passage of a reporter through the membrane from exposure to the first receptor surface to the second opposing surface; one or more receptors anchored on the first surface of the substrate which bind with the target analyte, wherein binding of the receptor with the target analyte alters the passage of the reporter through the pores of the membrane; and one or more detectors which interact with reporter that passes through the membrane and emits a detectable signal that permits quantification of reporter in the detection reservoir.

The present invention relates to droplet-based surface modification and washing. According to one embodiment, a method of splitting a droplet is provided, the method including providing a droplet microactuator including a droplet including one or more beads and immobilizing at least one of the one or more beads. The method further includes conducting one or more droplet operations to divide the droplet to yield a set of droplets including a droplet including the one or more immobilized beads and a droplet substantially lacking the one or more immobilized beads.

A method of quantifying the amount of glucose in a sample is provided herein that may further comprise an interferent such as mannitol. At least two measurements are obtained using measurement methods that differ in their sensitivity to the amount of interferent in the sample, thus enabling the results to be compared to determine whether any interferent is present in the sample. A glucose sensor for carrying out a method described herein is also provided.

Devices, assays and methods for detecting analytes in a sample are provided. Biosensor devices include a biosensor interface that includes enzyme-conjugated molecules, antibodies and an enzyme driven redox cycle coupled to an electrically conductive electrode for signal amplification. The biosensor devices are easily adaptable to a variety of assay formats, a variety of target analytes and provide real-time measurements combined with high sensitivity and high specificity for the analyte.

In an electrochemical imaging method of, by applying voltages between working electrodes arranged in a measurement area and a counter electrode and causing the working electrodes to perform a redox reaction by giving and reception of electrons to and from a plurality of measurement target substances generated or consumed by a sample in an electrolytic solution to measure currents that flow through the individual electrodes, imaging images of density distributions of the measurement target substances based on distributions of the currents in the measurement area, the working electrodes are arranged in the measurement area in a manner of being arranged uniformly in each of a plurality of working electrode groups, each of the working electrode groups comprising a plurality of working electrodes, and in a manner of being mutually mixed; applied voltages specified for the working electrode groups, respectively, are simultaneously applied between the working electrodes and the counter electrode; any two working electrode groups among the plurality of working electrode groups are mutually different in at least any of the determined voltage, presence/absence of a molecular modification of an electrode surface and a species of the molecular modification; and based on the individual distributions of the currents in the measurement area in the working electrode groups, the images of density distributions of the measurement target substances are acquired by simultaneous measurements.