A display control apparatus includes a memory and a circuit. The circuit obtains an electrophoretic image from the memory, causes a display to display the electrophoretic image as a first display image, receives a selection of a first pixel in the electrophoretic image displayed on the display, obtains one or more first useful proteins corresponding to the first pixel and one or more second useful proteins corresponding to one or more second pixels, a length between the first pixel and each of the one or more second pixels being less than or equal to a first length among the pixels, and causes the display to display the electrophoretic image, the one or more first useful proteins, and the one or more second useful proteins as a second display image.

The invention generally relates to electrophoretic mass spectrometry probes and systems and methods of uses thereof. In certain aspects, the invention provides a mass spectrometry probe having a hollow body with a distal tip, an electrically conductive hollow conduit, and an electrode. The electrically conductive hollow conduit may be operably coupled to a reservoir and a power source, and the electrically conductive hollow conduit may be configured to transport a liquid sample into the hollow body and polarize the liquid sample as it flows through the electrically conductive hollow conduit and into in the hollow body. The electrode and the electrically conductive hollow conduit are disposed within the hollow body (e.g., at different heights within the hollow body).

The invention provides a capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) system based on a sandwich injection method for automated chemical mobilization. This system was coupled with an electrokinetically pumped nanoelectrospray interface to a mass spectrometer. The nanoelectrospray emitter employed an acidic sheath electrolyte. To realize automated focusing and mobilization, a plug of ammonium hydroxide was first injected into the capillary, followed by a section of mixed sample and ampholyte. As focusing progressed, the NH.sub.3H.sub.2O section was titrated to lower pH buffer by the acidic sheath buffer. Chemical mobilization started automatically once the ammonium hydroxide was consumed by the acidic sheath flow electrolyte.

A specified proton concentration in a volume (80) is produced by passing a controlled electrophoresis current through an adjacent electrophoresis volume (28) between a working electrode (26) and a counter electrode (24). An array of such volumes with specified proton concentration is used to provide the pH gradient for isoelectric focusing.

Techniques described herein can apply AC signals with different phases to different groups of nanopore cells in a nanopore sensor chip. When a first group of nanopore cells is in a dark period and is not sampled or minimally sampled by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to capture useful data, a second group of nanopore cells is in a bright period during which output signals from the second group of nanopore cells are sampled by the analog-to-digital converter. The reference level setting of the ADC is dynamically changed based on the applied AC signals to fully utilize the dynamic range of the ADC.

The invention relates to a new method of sequencing a double stranded target polynucleotide. The two strands of the double stranded target polynucleotide are linked by a bridging moiety. The two strands of the target polynucleotide are separated using a polynucleotide binding protein and the target polynucleotide is sequenced using a transmembrane pore.

The disclosure features methods and systems for processing samples that include introducing a sample featuring one or more components in a first electrolyte solution into a separation channel of a fluidic device, applying an electrical potential difference across the sample to cause migration of at least one sample component toward an end of the separation channel, and adjusting at least one of a gas pressure in a reservoir comprising a second electrolyte solution, and a gas pressure external to an aperture positioned at the end of the separation channel, so that the gas pressure in the reservoir is greater than the gas pressure external to the aperture, and directing a flow of the second electrolyte solution in response to the gas pressures through the pumping channel and out of the aperture to discharge the at least one sample component through the aperture.

In order to improve the operability of the device and reduce incorrect operations, a device for processing data acquired by an electrophoretic analysis according to the present invention includes: a display processor (31, 33) configured to create an electropherogram based on acquired data and display the electropherogram on a screen of a display section (5); an analysis range specifier (4, 34) configured to receive, on the electropherogram displayed on the display section, a specification, by a user, of a smear range to be extracted as an analysis target, and display a background area corresponding to the specified smear range on the electropherogram, in a visual mode that makes the background area distinguishable from other background areas; and an analysis processor (35) configured to perform a predetermined smear analysis using data included in the specified smear area.

In an instrument configured to spectroscopically divide fluorescences emitted from a plurality of capillaries and collectively measure the fluorescences using an image sensor, when the number of pixels of a binning region on the image sensor on which a predetermined wavelength-band component of each fluorescence is projected is denoted by B.sub.m, the number of pixels of hardware binning is denoted by B.sub.h, the number of pixels of software binning is denoted by B.sub.s, B.sub.m=B.sub.h?B.sub.s, the total noise measured in a case where B.sub.m=B.sub.h=B.sub.s=1 is denoted by N, the readout noise is denoted by N.sub.r, the dark-current noise is denoted by N.sub.d, and the shot noise is denoted by N.sub.s, B.sub.m, B.sub.h, B.sub.s, N, N.sub.r, N.sub.d, and N.sub.s satisfy a predetermined relationship, thereby realizing high sensitivity and high dynamic range in fluorescence measurement.

The electrophoresis method includes the following steps: electrically injecting a sample into an electrophoresis flow path through one end thereof; subjecting the injected sample to electrophoresis to be separated by applying a voltage to both ends of the electrophoresis flow path; detecting the separated sample component at a detection position of the electrophoresis flow path; obtaining a peak area of the detected sample component; and correcting the obtained peak area on the basis of an injection rate of each sample component. Correction based on the injection rate includes, a correction based on a relative mobility of the sample component and at least one of: a correction based on the linear velocity at the time of sample injection for each sample component and a correction based on the current integral value at the time of sample injection.