The present application relates to processes for modifying the distribution of a compound in a solution comprising drawing the solution comprising the compound into an electroseparation syringe comprising a syringe barrel, a plunger and electrodes positioned to apply a voltage across solution contained in the syringe barrel, and applying a voltage across the solution in the syringe barrel to modify the distribution of the compound within the solution contained in the syringe barrel. The process may be performed as a part of an analytical process. Also described is an electroseparation syringe for performing such processes, and an apparatus for analysing a sample, the apparatus comprising: —an electroseparation syringe comprising a syringe barrel, a plunger and a pair of electrodes positioned to enable a voltage to be applied across any liquid contained within the syringe barrel, or a receiver for receiving an electroseparation syringe; —a power supply for supplying a voltage potential; —a plunger controller for operation of the plunger to draw up and dispense liquid into the syringe barrel; —an analyser for analysing liquid delivered to the analyser; —a sample reservoir for holding solution to be subjected to analysis; —a valve in fluid connection with the electroseparation syringe that enables fluid flow between the electroseparation syringe and the analyser and fluid flow between the electroseparation syringe and the sample reservoir; and —a controller for controlling operation of the power supply to the electrodes, operation of the plunger to draw liquids into the syringe barrel and dispense liquids from the syringe barrel, and to control the valve setting for controlling the direction of fluid flow.

A protein memory cell and a protein memory system are provided. The protein memory cell includes: first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other on a micro channel; a gap region defined between the first and second electrodes on the micro channel; an outer region defined as an opposite side to the gap region based on the first or second electrode on the micro channel; and a photosensitive protein changing conductivity between the first and second electrodes while moving between the gap region and the outer region depending on structural conversion of a chromophore.

Devices and methods for characterization of analyte mixtures are provided. Some methods described herein include performing enrichment steps on a device before expelling enriched analyte fractions from the device for subsequent analysis. Also included are devices for performing these enrichment steps.

Methods, devices, and systems for performing isoelectric focusing reactions are described. The systems or devices disclosed herein may comprise fixtures that have a membrane. In some instances, the disclosed devices may be designed to perform isoelectric focusing or other separation reactions followed by further characterization of the separated analytes using mass spectrometry. The disclosed methods, devices, and systems provide for fast, accurate separation and characterization of protein analyte mixtures or other biological molecules by isoelectric point.

The disclosure relates to methods of characterizing ampholyte compositions suitable for downstream applications such as capillary isoelectric focusing using liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The present disclosure relates to fluidic systems and devices for processing, extracting, or purifying one or more analytes. These systems and devices can be used for processing samples and extracting nucleic acids, for example by isotachophoresis. In particular, the systems and related methods can allow for extraction of nucleic acids, including non-crosslinked nucleic acids, from samples such as tissue or cells. The systems and devices can also be used for multiplex parallel sample processing.

A micro-lab includes one or more electrophoresis devices each optically coupled to respective spectrometers and electronic signal processing, analysis and control, with fluids transported via a system of valves, tubes and pumps. The spectrograms are captured by a respective digital cameras, and chemical characteristics including molecular mobility, particle (molecular) charge, molecular weight, particle (molecular) pH, particle (molecular) dielectric, particle (molecular) conductivity, Raman spectrum of each chemical species, IR spectrum of particle (molecular) is determined, and principal component analysis is performed to identify and quantify chemical constituents.

Apparatuses and methods for whole column imaging detection (WCID) capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). The apparatus includes a separation capillary having a separation inner diameter and a separation outer diameter; a base, wherein the separation capillary is anchored to the base; an inlet transfer capillary having an inlet inner diameter and an inlet outer diameter; and an outlet transfer capillary having an outlet inner diameter and an outlet outer diameter. The inlet transfer capillary, the separation capillary, and outlet transfer capillary are configured to be in fluidic communication with each other. The separation inner diameter exceeds the outlet inner diameter.

Methods, devices, and systems for performing a plurality of isoelectric focusing reactions in parallel are described. In some instances, the disclosed devices may be designed to perform isoelectric focusing or other separation reactions followed by further characterization of the separated analytes using mass spectrometry. The disclosed methods, devices, and systems provide for fast, accurate separation and characterization of protein analyte mixtures or other biological molecules by isoelectric point.

Methods, devices, and systems for improving the quality of electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) data are described, as are methods, devices, and systems for achieving improved correlation between chemical separation data and mass spectrometry data.