A compound can be a pro-fluorophore peroxynitrite sensor that generates a fluorophore when cleaved by peroxynitrite, having a structure of Formula A: ##STR00001## wherein: moiety A is an ER-targeting fluorophore; Y is a linker; and moiety B is a phenol, substituted or unsubstituted, wherein the structure of Formula A is less fluorescent than the ER-targeting fluorophore moiety A.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based organoid technology has tremendous potential to elucidate the intestinal and colonic epithelium's role in health and disease. Described herein are methods and compositions for generation of intestinal and colonic cells from iPSCs. Derivation of iPSCs from subjected afflicted with early onset and very early onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), serves as an excellent model for understanding disease pathogenesis.

The present invention related to a compound for use in prevention or treatment of a neurodegenerative disease associated with the formation of stress granules. The compound is selected from lipoic acid, lipoamide, dihydrolipoic acid, and dihydrolipoamide. The invention further relates to a method of identifying a compound that modulates a characteristic associated with one or more condensates comprising a condensate-associated molecule, comprising: (a) contacting the compound with a cellular composition comprising one or more condensates or a cellular composition capable of forming one or more condensates, and (b) determining the characteristic associated with the one or more condensates. A modulation in the characteristic, as compared to a reference, indicates that the compound modulates the characteristic associated with the one or more condensates.

The invention is directed to compositions to screen for small molecule drugs that inhibit proteases, such as viral proteases, e.g., HIV proteases; and methods for making and using these compositions. The invention provides compositions and methods for identifying compositions, e.g., drug molecules, that can inhibit proteases, e.g., HIV proteases. In alternative embodiments, the invention provides cell-based assays to screen for compositions, e.g., small molecules or drugs, that inhibit or modify the activity of enzymes such as calcium-dependent protein convertases involved in HIV envelop protein processing, including cleavage of the HIV gp160 envelope precursor, resulting in gp120 and gp41 envelope products.

To provide a device capable of cancer diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity, a cancer diagnosis device (1) includes: an extracellular vesicle capturing section (16 to 18) including immobilization supports on which lectins are immobilized respectively, the lectins being each capable of binding specifically to a surface sugar chain included in an extracellular vesicle derived from a cancer cell, the immobilization supports corresponding respectively to one or more kinds of the surface sugar chain; and a detecting section configured to detect a microRNA included in the extracellular vesicle.

The invention provides seminal computational approaches utilizing data from non-rare cells to detect rare cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The invention is applicable at two distinct stages of CTC detection; the first being to make decisions about data collection parameters and the second being to make decisions during data reduction and analysis. Additionally, the invention utilizes both one and multi-dimensional parameterized data in a decision making process.

The present invention relates to a marker that can be used as aging biomarker. More specifically, the present invention relates to the analysis of nucleolar size as a biomarker for aging and metabolic health and its relation to the virtual age, or the life expectancy of animals, including humans. The aging biomarker of the invention can be used to study the effect of medication, food compounds and/or special diets on the wellness and virtual age, or the life expectancy of animals, including humans.

The present invention provides recovering an extracellular vesicle(s) having high purity from an extracellular vesicle-containing sample. Specifically, the present invention provides a method of recovering an extracellular vesicle(s), comprising:

(1) treating an extracellular vesicle-containing sample with a chelating agent; and
(2) separating the extracellular vesicle(s) from the extracellular vesicle-containing sample treated with the chelating agent.

Provided is a composition for the treatment of pregnancy-associated diseases, and more particularly, to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of premature delivery or breast cancer. The pharmaceutical composition including extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus as an active ingredient may induce pregnancy or prevent premature delivery of pregnant women, may be used to prevent or treat pregnancy-associated diseases such as breast cancer, and may be used to diagnose a risk of premature delivery by measuring the amount of extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus in pregnant women.

The invention relates to the isolation or extraction of exosomes.