The present disclosure relates to methods for screening test samples or substances that are capable of inducing or reducing nucleolar hypertrophy in cancer cells. The present disclosure further provides methods of contacting isolated cancer cells with a test sample or a substance that can induce nucleolar hypertrophy in a cancer cell. The present disclosure further provides methods for contacting an isolated cancer cell characterized by nucleolar hypertrophy with a test sample or substance that can reduce the nucleolar hypertrophy. One benefit to the method of screening disclosed herein can be the identification of test samples or substances capable of reducing nucleolar hypertrophy. Another benefit to the method of screening disclosed herein can be the identification of those combinations of test samples, substances, or combinations or series thereof, which are suitable or optimal for treating specific cancers in patients.

Disclosed are compositions comprising an antibody conjugated to one or more molecular guidance system (MGS) peptides. Disclosed are methods of treating a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of an antibody conjugated to one or more MGS peptides, wherein the antibody targets an intracellular target involved in the disease process. Disclosed are methods of targeting an intracellular target comprising administering an antibody conjugated to one or more MGS peptides, wherein the antibody targets an intracellular target.

This document relates to methods and materials involved in treating mammals having a cancer (e.g., a cancer having one or more CD19 positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) and/or one or more small EVs in the tumor microenvironment). For example, methods of treating a mammal having a blood cancer including one or more CD19 positive EVs and/or one or more small EVs in the blood by administering one or more cancer immunotherapies (e.g., one or more chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies) to the mammal are provided.

A method involves recovery an extracellular vesicle from an extracellular vesicle-containing sample. Such a method of recovering the extracellular vesicle may include separating the extracellular vesicle from the extracellular vesicle-containing sample in the presence of a polymer.

The invention relates to the isolation or extraction of exosomes.

The invention relates to method and kits for highly specific isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by targeting at least two EV surface markers. The invention further relates to methods and kits for analyzing EVs and their contents.

Provided herein are, inter alia, extracellular products (e.g., vesicles such as microvesicles, e.g., exosomes) produced by renal cells (such as bioactive renal cells, e.g., selected renal cells). Methods of altering components (such as miRNAs or proteins) of vesicles produced by cells, as well as methods of producing vesicles comprising various compounds are also included. Also provided are diagnostic and treatment methods

Methods and products for the identification and detection of new bladder cancer biomarkers based on proteins and protein phosphorylation in urinary extracellular vesicles.

Systems and methods for identifying molecules that are biologically active against a disease, where the method can comprise culturing a first mammalian cell population under organoid formation conditions in the presence of a test molecule to obtain a first organoid, wherein the first mammalian cell population, when cultured under the organoid formation conditions in the absence of the test molecule, results in an organoid with a disease phenotype; imaging the first organoid following exposure to the test molecule; analyzing one or more images of the first organoid using a neural network that has been trained to assign a probability score of disease or non-disease ranging between 0% and 100%; assigning the first organoid a probability score ranging between 0% and 100%; wherein the test molecule is biologically active against the disease if the probability score of the first organoid is greater than a cutoff probability score of non-disease or lower than a cutoff probability score of disease.

A detection method of multiple analytes includes the following. A microparticle is provided. The microparticle is coupled with at least one first ligand, and includes a body and a plurality of first protrusions formed on a surface of the body. Next, the microparticle is mixed with a variety of analytes to form a first complex. Thereafter, the first complex is mixed with a variety of second ligands carrying a variety of first labels, such that the variety of second ligands bind to the variety of analytes in the first complex and form a second complex. Lastly, the variety of first labels in the variety of second ligands in the second complex are detected.