Improved electrochemical sensors wherein the recognition element is co-deposited with a secondary, charge transfer modulating moiety, for example an oligonucleotide. The secondary moiety modulates electron transfer kinetics to enhance the frequency dependence of sensor gain, enabling the use of kinetic differential drift correction techniques and like measurements that require a target insensitive signal drifts in parallel with target-dependent output. The secondary moiety also increases the gain and signal to noise of the sensor and can be used to enable calibration-free measurement. Accurate drift-corrected in vivo sensor use with multiple measurements of analyte concentration per minute in flowing blood is demonstrated.

Reagents for use in sandwich immunoassays for haptens are disclosed, along with kits containing same. Also disclosed are diagnostic immunoassay methods that utilize these immunoassay reagents in a particle enhanced agglutination detection assay for detecting haptens/drugs in samples.

A method to produce a rapid immunohistochemical detection of an antigen from a biological sample is provided. Preferably, the method may be used for rapid immunohistochemical staining of a biological sample that allows completion of the staining process in less than ten minutes, such as during a cancer removal procedure. In some embodiments, the method may include the steps of: depositing a section of the biological sample on a slide; permeabilizing the section of the biological sample; incubating the section of the biological sample with a secondary antibody having a detectable label; removing unbound secondary antibody from the section of the biological sample; mounting the section of the biological sample; and detecting secondary antibody bound to the section of the biological sample.

The present invention provides a method for increasing the sensitivity of LFIAs by using palladium nanoparticles, selecting appropriate dye chemistries, and improving the timing of the development chemistry. In the presence of a palladium nanoparticle, three reagents interact with a catalytic label to form a colored dye. The three reagents include a hydrogen peroxide source, a color developer (a substituted para-phenylenediamine), and a color coupler (e.g. a napthol or a phenol). The timing of the development chemistry is improved by any combination of using a reducing agent, delaying hydrogen peroxide application by diffusion, using dissolving materials as a time delay, using serpentine flow, and separating the color coupler and the color developer on the strip.

Provided is a sensor unit (104) for detecting an analyte (128) in an aqueous medium. The sensor unit comprises a surface (124) for receiving the aqueous medium thereon. Capture species (126) immobilized on the surface reversibly bind the analyte. A detector (130) detects the analyte when the analyte is bound to the capture species. The sensor unit further comprises an electrolysis assembly (132). The electrolysis assembly comprises a plurality of spatially separated electrically conductive areas (134) on the surface, and a power supply (136) for supplying a voltage across at least two of the electrically conductive areas. The voltage is sufficient to electrolyse the aqueous medium received on the surface. Further provided is a body fluid monitoring device (101) comprising the sensor unit, and a method for detecting an analyte.

Apparatuses and methods of optically analyzing fluid within a pipette are described herein. In an embodiment, an optical reader subassembly includes a pipette configured to aspirate and hold a fluid sample within its tip, a housing configured to receive at least the tip of the pipette through a reentrant seal so that the tip of the pipette is located in a light tight manner within an internal area, a light source positioned to be in proximity to the tip of the pipette when the tip of the pipette is received by the housing, the light source configured to project light through the tip of the pipette and onto the fluid sample held within the tip, and an optical sensor configured to take a reading of the fluid sample held within the tip of the pipette without any of the fluid sample being injected from the pipette.

Devices and methods for the hook effect detection associated with analytes of interest in the conductance of one or more diagnostic assays, including, without limitation, immunoassays.

The present invention provides systems, devices, and methods for point-of-care and/or distributed testing services. The methods and devices of the invention are directed toward automatic detection of analytes in a bodily fluid. The components of the device can be modified to allow for more flexible and robust use with the disclosed methods for a variety of medical, laboratory, and other applications. The systems, devices, and methods of the present invention can allow for effective use of samples by improved sample preparation and analysis.

Some examples described herein relate to a substrate comprising a silane functionalized surface for reversibly immobilizing a biological molecule of interest, such as oligonucleotides, polynucleotides, or protein. Methods for immobilizing the biological molecule and the use in DNA sequencing and other diagnostic applications are also disclosed.

This application relates to assays, devices, and methods for conducting highly sensitive assays that employ two binding agents and are useful in detecting specific targets such as antigens. These devices and methods provide the ability to detect minute amounts of the specific target with reduced risk of false positive results.