Provided herein are components (e.g., cells and soluble proteins), systems, and methods for assessing the biological activity of soluble proteins comprising an Fc domain and a CD28-binding domain (e.g., CD80 extracellular domain Fc fusion proteins).

Provided herein are components (e.g., cells and soluble proteins), systems, and methods for assessing the biological activity of soluble proteins comprising an Fc domain and a CD28-binding domain (e.g., CD80 extracellular domain Fc fusion proteins).

A method of screening an antibody comprises preparing a serum having a target antibody and a non-target antibody; providing the serum with a first antigen that specifically binds the target antibody to obtain a first mixture; selectively obtaining the first conjugate by separating the first conjugate from the non-target antibody in the first mixture; dissociating the first conjugate, and a redundant non-target antibody adsorbed to the first conjugate into the first antigen, the target antibody and the redundant non-target antibody; removing the first antigen to obtain a second mixture of the target antibody and the redundant non-target antibody; providing the second mixture with a second antigen to form a second conjugate, so that third mixture including the target antibody and the second conjugate may be obtained; and selectively obtaining a target antibody by separating the second conjugate from the target antibody in the third mixture.

A method of screening an antibody comprises preparing a serum having a target antibody and a non-target antibody; providing the serum with a first antigen that specifically binds the target antibody to obtain a first mixture; selectively obtaining the first conjugate by separating the first conjugate from the non-target antibody in the first mixture; dissociating the first conjugate, and a redundant non-target antibody adsorbed to the first conjugate into the first antigen, the target antibody and the redundant non-target antibody; removing the first antigen to obtain a second mixture of the target antibody and the redundant non-target antibody; providing the second mixture with a second antigen to form a second conjugate, so that third mixture including the target antibody and the second conjugate may be obtained; and selectively obtaining a target antibody by separating the second conjugate from the target antibody in the third mixture.

The invention relates to biosensors for detecting odorants, especially a biosensor that mimics odorant detection by a mammal, for example, humans, dogs or cats. The field of the invention also related to the standardization of odors for scent, smell and taste using the biosensor of the invention, and the discovery of agonists, antagonists, and mixtures of odorants for creating new odors, masking odors, enhancing odors, and designing odors.

The invention relates to biosensors for detecting odorants, especially a biosensor that mimics odorant detection by a mammal, for example, humans, dogs or cats. The field of the invention also related to the standardization of odors for scent, smell and taste using the biosensor of the invention, and the discovery of agonists, antagonists, and mixtures of odorants for creating new odors, masking odors, enhancing odors, and designing odors.

The present disclosure includes methods and systems of detecting bacteria in a sample using phage-functionalized sensors, methods of enriching a sample with phage-functionalized magnetic particles, phage-functionalized magnetic particles and methods of making phage-functionalized magnetic particles.

The present disclosure includes methods and systems of detecting bacteria in a sample using phage-functionalized sensors, methods of enriching a sample with phage-functionalized magnetic particles, phage-functionalized magnetic particles and methods of making phage-functionalized magnetic particles.

The present invention pertains to engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) for use in a variety of research, diagnostic, imaging and therapeutic applications. The EVs are engineered to enable incorporation and surface display of various proteins of interest, which may be exogenous and/or endogenous in nature. The coating of EVs is achieved through inventive protein engineering of EV polypeptides, and the present invention thus relates to methods for coating of EVs, EVs per se, as well kits, detection methods, diagnostic applications, imaging and delivery methods based on said engineered EVs.

The present invention pertains to engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) for use in a variety of research, diagnostic, imaging and therapeutic applications. The EVs are engineered to enable incorporation and surface display of various proteins of interest, which may be exogenous and/or endogenous in nature. The coating of EVs is achieved through inventive protein engineering of EV polypeptides, and the present invention thus relates to methods for coating of EVs, EVs per se, as well kits, detection methods, diagnostic applications, imaging and delivery methods based on said engineered EVs.