Embodiments include methods for generating a metabolite profile of a stool sample and methods of assessing the status of a subject using the metabolic profile derived from a stool sample.

Provided herein are Purine Compounds of Formula (I)

##STR00001## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, isotopologues, or stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of a Purine Compound, and methods for treating or preventing malaria comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Purine Compound.

The present invention provides compositions and methods that can be used to determine a peptide signature for an antibody repertoire in a sample comprising multiple antibodies. The method can be used to characterize a phenotype in a sample, such as providing a diagnosis, prognosis or theranosis of a medical condition.

The present invention provides an in vitro method for concentrating infectious pathogens found in a biological sample obtained from an individual who is suspected of being infected with the pathogens. Provided herein is also an in vitro method for reducing or eliminating blood cells from a sample obtained from an individual suspected to being infected with an infectious pathogen. The present invention also provides a method for diagnosing malaria and a method for determining if an individual is infected with a pathogen. Provided herein is also a concentrator and a kit for use with the methods.

Certain embodiments are directed to method for synthesizing and using glycoconjugates based on the immunodominant epitope Gal(1,3)Gal(1,4)GlcNAc (Gal3LN).

The presence of hemozoin as an indicator of malaria in a blood sample is detected by magnetic separation, dissolution and spectroscopic analysis.

Combinations of Trypanosoma cruzi polypeptides, fusion protein formed therefrom, and compositions and methods of use thereof for improved detection of antibodies against T. cruzi are disclosed. Preferred polypeptide combinations include two or more polypeptides selected from Table 1, or a variant or fragment thereof. In particularly preferred embodiments, the polypeptide combinations include the two polypeptide as paired in Table 2 or Table 3, or variants or fragments thereof. Preferably, the one, or more preferably both, of the polypeptides are antigenic to T. cruzi antibodies. The polypeptide combination can unfused or fused for form fusion proteins. Methods of using the disclosed compositions, including methods of detecting anti-T. cruzi antibodies, diagnosing T. cruzi infections, and monitoring disease status and treatment efficacy are also provided.

The present invention provides an in vitro method for concentrating infectious pathogens found in a biological sample obtained from an individual who is suspected of being infected with the pathogens. Provided herein is also an in vitro method for reducing or eliminating blood cells from a sample obtained from an individual suspected to being infected with an infectious pathogen. The present invention also provides a method for diagnosing malaria and a method for determining if an individual is infected with a pathogen. Provided herein is also a concentrator and a kit for use with the methods.

In various embodiments nanoparticle drug delivery vehicles are provided that specifically deliver a cargo to a target pathogenic organism. In certain embodiments the drug delivery vehicle comprises a mesoporous silica nanoparticle comprising a plurality of pores and an outer surface through which the pores are disposed; a cargo disposed in the pores; one or more antigens attached to the surface of the nanoparticle; an antibody that specifically binds the antigens and are bound to the antigens, wherein the antibody inhibits diffusion of the cargo out of the pores and permit release of the cargo when the drug delivery vehicle is in the presence of the antigen or a pathogen displaying the antigen.

Disclosed is a blood analyzer that includes: a sample preparation unit configured to mix a blood specimen and a fluorescent dye for staining nucleic acid to prepare a measurement sample; a light receiver configured to receive fluorescence and scattered light that are generated by light being applied to the measurement sample prepared by the sample preparation unit; and a controller programmed to determine whether or not infection with Plasmodium has occurred, on the basis of a value representing variation of a distribution of first particles in a range where single-ring form of red blood cells appear, the range where single-ring form of red blood cells appear being identified according to fluorescence intensities and scattered light intensities obtained by processing of signals from the light receiver.