Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions including compounds having Formula I (I) in an effective amount to inhibit non-viral cysteine protease (e.g., mammalian cysteine protease, such as human cathepsin L), as well as methods of using thereof.

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In various embodiments methods to improve the detection of a lateral-flow immunoassay for the sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein or other analytes, as well as devices that incorporate those methods are provided.

Provided are assays for functional immune assessment, immune element survey, and diagnostic methods using cultured cells. The immune functional assays enable assessment of subject immune function against a pathogen, utilizing antigen baits and target constructs. Bead based antigen baits provide a robust and facile method of assessing protective immune responses for pathogens, including systems for assessing immune function against SARS-CoV-2. Also provided are immune element surveys that enable profiling of immune elements deployed against a selected pathogen or antigen. Cell culture methods provide a novel and facile tool for assessment of immune function and diagnostic tools for detecting prior or current infection by pathogens. The assays may advantageously be combined for full spectrum analysis of a subjects immune response.

The instant disclosure discloses an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof binding to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and uses of such antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to create immunoassay methods or devices for PRRSV detection.

Provided is a method of detecting the presence of an anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) antibody in a sample, including contacting a sample with a suspension having a plurality of microspheres wherein individual microspheres are conjugated to a peptide and the peptide includes a ZIKV peptide selected from the group including ZIKV NS1, ZIKV NS5, and ZIKV envelope protein, forming a first incubated suspension by incubating said sample with said suspension to permit binding of anti-ZIKV antibodies present in the sample to said microspheres, forming a second incubated suspension by contacting said first incubated suspension with an anti-ZIKV antibody detecting-reagent to permit binding of the anti-ZIKV antibody detecting reagent to said microspheres, removing from the second incubated suspension anti-ZIKV antibody detecting-reagent molecules that are not bound to said microspheres, and detecting the presence of anti-ZIKV antibody detecting-reagent molecules in the second incubated suspension. Also provided is a kit containing reagents and compositions for performing the foregoing method.

Disclosed are methods and systems for high-throughput testing of pathogens, and in some instances, testing for SARS-CoV-2. For example, disclosed is a method for intelligently selecting samples to perform a pooled testing for a pathogen including the steps of obtaining samples from multiple regions/populations, determining a prevalence of the pathogen in the samples from each region/population, determining an optimal selection plan to perform the pooled testing, selecting and combining samples based on the optimal selection plan, aliquoting the samples in the combined sample set based on the optimal selection plan, pooling and testing the samples in the combined sample set based on the optimal pooling design to determine a presence or absence of a detectable amount of the pathogen in each of the pooled samples, and determining whether at least one individual sample comprises the detectable amount of the pathogen.

A closed system is provided for enlarging viral and bacterial particles for identification by diffraction scanning. The closed system includes a transparent tube, a deformable dispenser, a quantity of first antibodies, a quantity of second antibodies, and a diffraction scanning device. The transparent tube contains the quantity of first antibodies, the quantity of second antibodies, and receives the exhaled air from an individual. The deformable dispenser drives the quantity of second antibodies to mix with a complex formed by target matter in the exhaled air and the quantity of first antibodies. The quantity of first antibodies interacts with the target matter. The quantity of second antibodies interacts with the complex formed by the target matter and the quantity of first antibodies. The diffraction scanning device measures the number and size of particles within the transparent tube.

A kit, composition and method for detection of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV), and for diagnosis of SARSr-CoV infection.

Devices and methods described herein provide improved methods of screening for cervical disease. In certain embodiments, a sample transfer and preparation vial is provided, enabling self-collection and pre-processing of cervical samples to expedite sample processing and eliminate the need for a patient to travel to a medical facility for screening. In certain embodiments, an analysis cartridge having a multiplexed biomarker panel and an immunoassay-based analyzer are provided for sample analysis. The multiplexed biomarker panel provides high sensitivity and specificity to enable effective screening with a single procedure and thus, eliminates the need for multiple tests. In certain embodiments, a method of screening for cervical disease is provided, utilizing the aforementioned multiplexed biomarker panel. The method includes detecting levels of at least two biomarkers in a cervical sample, wherein one of the biomarkers is an oncoprotein from a high-risk strain of human papilloma virus (HPV) and another is a cellular protein.

In one aspect the invention provides a method for distinguishing between a viral-only infection of the upper respiratory tract or a bacterial or viral/bacterial coinfection in a patient by analyzing a respiratory sample.