The disclosure relates to methods and reagents for analyzing samples for the presence of JC virus antibodies. Disclosed is a method that includes obtaining a biological sample from a subject (e.g., plasma, serum, blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid), contacting the sample with highly purified viral-like particles (HPVLPs) under conditions suitable for binding of a JCV antibody in the sample to an HPVLP, and detecting the level of JCV antibody binding in the sample to HPVLP. In one embodiment, determining the level of anti-JCV antibodies in the subject sample provides a method of identifying PML risk in a subject.

A collection device for a biological sample to capture target compounds such as viruses or other pathogens or particles for testing from within the sample and move the captured target compound to a separate chamber for subsequent processing. The collection device can include an openable substance blister including capture particles located in a cup interior. Capture particles can attract and bind the target compounds from the sample. An extraction tube extracts any nucleic acid from the target compound for storage or subsequent amplification and testing to confirm presence of known microorganisms. The extraction tube can comprise a heat-deformable material and can be connected to a microfluidic cartridge for further processing of nucleic acid including, amplification and detection. The microfluidic cartridge includes valves and a plurality of chambers for amplification.

An apparatus and method are disclosed for detecting the presence of a microorganism within sampling device. The sampling device has a plurality of reaction chambers each having a reactive reagent for reacting with the microorganism to indicate the presence of the microorganism within the reaction chamber. A grabber holding the sampling device and a motion stage connected to the grabber moves the sampling device in a plane. A detector detects each of the plurality of reaction chambers for detecting the presence of the microorganism within the reaction chamber.

Immunogenic compositions comprising one or more polypeptides, wherein the one or more polypeptides: is capable of binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I, and is derived from one or more proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Also provided include methods of treating and preventing diseases using the immunogenic compositions.

Methods of detecting one or more viral analytes with an optical interferometric system is provided. Methods of diagnosing a viral infection in a patient with an optical interferometric system are also provided.

Methods of determining whether a sample includes an antibody that binds to a coronaviral antigen are provided. Aspects of the methods may include combining the sample, a mammalian cell displaying on a surface thereof an antigenic determinant of the coronaviral antigen that is specifically bound by the antibody, and a labeled secondary binding member that binds to the antibody to produce an assay composition; and flow cytometrically assaying the assay composition for the presence of a signal from the labeled secondary binding member to determine whether the sample includes the antibody. Also provided are methods of assessing a subject for an immune response to a coronaviral infection and methods of producing a mammalian cell displaying on a surface thereof an antigenic determinant of a coronaviral antigen. Also provided are systems, expression vectors, mammalian cells, and kits for practicing the subject methods.

A method for detecting viral or bacteriological pathogens is disclosed. The method comprises collecting a potentially pathogenic sample via a collector, binding a first portion of the potentially pathogenic sample to a magnetic particle via a first coating on the magnetic particle, binding a second portion of the potentially pathogenic sample to a fluorescently labeled particle via a coating of a second coating on the fluorescently labeled particle to create aggregates comprising the potentially pathogenic sample, magnetic particle, and the fluorescently labeled particle, separating the aggregates magnetically, detecting a fluorescence of the separated aggregates, and estimating an amount of the pathogen based on the detected fluorescence.

A biosensor is provided, which comprises: a substrate; a working electrode disposed on the substrate and comprising a graphene layer; a counter electrode disposed on the substrate and adjacent to the working electrode; a reference electrode disposed on the substrate and adjacent to the working electrode; and a bio-recognition layer disposed on the working electrode. In addition, a bio-sensing system comprising the aforesaid biosensor and a method for preparing the aforesaid biosensor are also provided.

The present invention relates to an antiviral composition and a screening method thereof for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that occurred in Wuhan, China in 2019. An extract from leaves or unfertilized female flowers of Cannabis sativa L. or its fraction, and the cannabinoids (CBDs) molecules isolated from it have high binding strength and stability to SARS-CoV-2 M.sup.pro, thereby inhibiting its action as the main protease, to provide a useful lead molecule that can be used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2.

The present invention relates to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and/or antigen-binding fragments thereof, which are useful for specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a biological sample. The present invention also provides methods and kits for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and methods and compositions for use in diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies as described herein.