This document relates to methods and materials for detecting premalignant and malignant neoplasms. For example, methods and materials for determining whether or not a stool sample from a mammal contains nucleic acid markers or polypeptide markers of a neoplasm are provided.

A method for detecting aggressive tumor behavior and/or increased risk for tumor metastasis generally includes analyzing a tumor sample from the subject for expression of transcripts from coding regions of the cell cycle gene cluster, the immune-1 gene cluster, or the immune-2 gene cluster; computing a sum of log.sub.2-transformed mean-centered expression values, thereby generating a Gene Cluster Expression Summary Score (GCESS) for the sample; and detecting a tumor with aggressive behavior and/or increased risk for tumor metastasis. An aggressive tumor and/or increased risk for tumor metastasis may be indicated where the cell cycle gene cluster is analyzed and the sample GCESS is greater than 0, or the immune-1 gene cluster or the immune-2 gene cluster is analyzed and the sample GCESS is less than 0.

Provided are methods, compositions, kits, and systems for determining the risk that a subject who does not have dysplasia will develop dysplasia and/or esophageal cancer.

Biomarkers are provided that are predictive of a subject's responsiveness to a therapy comprising lenvatinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., lenvatinib mesylate). The biomarkers, compositions, and methods described herein are useful in selecting appropriate treatment modalities for a subject having cancer (e.g., thyroid cancer, kidney cancer), suspected of having cancer, or at risk of developing cancer.

Described herein are an antibody specifically binding to AIMP2-DX2 protein, and a diagnostic kit for detecting cancer which comprises the antibody specific to the AIMP2-DX2.

The invention features methods of diagnosis by assessing B7-H1 expression in a tissue from a subject that has, or is suspected of having, cancer, methods of treatment with agents that interfere with B7-H1-receptor interaction, methods of selecting candidate subjects likely to benefit from cancer immunotherapy, and methods of inhibiting expression of B7-H1.

The present invention relates to a new Ena/VASP protein isoform, uses thereof, diagnostic methods and kits comprising the same.

Disclosed herein are non-myeloablative antibody-toxin conjugates and compositions that target cell surface markers, such as the CD34, CD45 or CD117 receptors, and related methods of their use to effectively conditioning a subject's tissues (e.g., bone marrow tissue) prior to engraftment or transplant. The compositions and methods disclosed herein may be used to condition a subject's tissues in advance of, for example, hematopoietic stem cell transplant and advantageously such compositions and methods do not cause the toxicities that are commonly associated with traditional conditioning methods.

The present disclosure relates to Fibroblast Activating Protein (FAP) targeted compounds conjugated to near-infra red (NIR) dyes and methods for their therapeutic and diagnostic use. More specifically, this disclosure provides compounds and methods for diagnosing and treating diseases associated with cells and/or vasculature expressing Fibroblast Activating Protein (FAP). The disclosure further describes methods and compositions for making and using the compounds, methods incorporating the compounds, and kits incorporating the compounds.

A non-invasive diagnostics of cancers, such as bladder cancer, on the basis of altered glycosylation patterns of cancer-associated biomarkers, especially integrins.