Disclosed herein is a companion diagnostic to predict efficacy of combination lenalidomide and erythropoietin treatment in patients with a erythropoietin (Epo)-refractory, Lower Risk (LR) Non-deletion 5q [Del(5q)] myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The method involves assaying erythroid precursors from a biological sample from the subject for a CD45 isoform profile, and treating the subject with a combination of lenalidomide and erythropoietin if the erythroid precursors have a predominance of large CD45RA and CD45RB isoforms compared to small CD45RO isoform.

The present invention provides a variant antigen-binding domain which comprises at least one mutation in the VH domain compared to a reference antibody and which displays an increased affinity for TRBC2 over the reference antibody. It further provides an antibody, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), a cell which comprises said CAR, and a conjugate comprising said variant antigen-binding domain or said antibody. Additionally, it provides medical uses, diagnostic methods and methods of personalised medicine that exploit the products of the invention.

A new sensitive cell biomarker of solid tumors is identified in blood. This biomarker can be used to determine presence of solid tumors, rapid determination of treatment response, early detection of cancer, early detection of cancer recurrence, and may be used to determine therapy.

Anti-GAL9 antibody constructs, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the constructs, and methods of use thereof are presented.

Provided herein are methods of treating an upper tract urothelial carcinoma in a patient by administering to the patient infigratinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided herein are methods of treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer by administering to the patient infigratinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for prediction of a chemosensitivity to cisplatin or other platinum based drugs for cancer. In certain embodiments, the methods comprise receiving results of, or conducting, an mRNA and/or protein expression level analysis of at least one gene (e.g., 1-13 or 1-19 genes) in a tumor sample from a subject, wherein the gene is expressed at higher levels than a control and is selected from: ADA, NPM3, CSTA, KRT5, KRT14, ATP1B3, USP31, MAP7D3, LRRC8C, C15orf41, LY6K, BNC1, SLFN11, ADAT2, CDIN1, C1QBP, CDC7, CDCA7, FKBP14, MMP10, PSAT1, RIOK1, STOML2, WDR3, and ZNF750; and treating said subject with Cisplatin or other platinum based cancer drug.

The present disclosure relates to a method for providing diagnostic information for biliary tract cancer and an apparatus for diagnosing biliary tract cancer. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for providing diagnostic information for biliary tract cancer including obtaining biological samples; measuring concentration of a marker for predicting biliary tract cancer in the biological samples; and providing diagnostic information for biliary tract cancer using the measured concentration of the marker, where the marker includes Nudifloramide.

The disclosure provides antibodies that specifically bind human IDO and methods of use thereof. In some aspects, the disclosure is directed to methods of detecting IDO in a biological sample comprising contacting the biological sample with an antibody described herein.

The present invention provides methods of modulating of cancer immunity using type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), interleukin 33 (IL-33), IFI44 or combination thereof. Also provided are methods of preventing tumor metastasis and/or cancer progression by treatment with therapies comprising type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), interleukin 33 (IL-33), IFI44 or combination thereof. Also provided are diagnostic methods for assessing cancer prognosis.

The disclosure features compositions and methods that may be used to detect the presence of tumor cell-derived exosomes in a patient (e.g., a human patient) having cancer. The compositions and methods described herein may also be used to evaluate the patient's prognosis, as well as monitor the likelihood of the patient to benefit from therapy, such as immunotherapy. The disclosure also features antibodies that specifically bind chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), as well as antigen-antibody complexes containing the same.